- •Частное учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание учебного материала
- •E c o n o m y
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Final questionnaire
- •Who wants to be a millionaire?
- •Pre-reading activities
- •Discussion
- •Text 1 economy and economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Ex. 9. Make up sentences from the jumbled words.
- •Limited resources: the need to choose
- •Final questionnaire
- •Unit 3 theories of economics
- •The first modern economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
- •Ex. 5. Translate into Russian in written form. Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire
- •Comprehension Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •Ex. 7. Answer the questions.
- •Classical school of economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.9. Match the verbs on the right with the nouns on the left.
- •Ex. 13. These are the answers to the questions. What are the questions?
- •Adam smith and “the wealth of nations”
- •Unit 4 levels of economics
- •Microeconomics versus macroeconomics
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5 main economic laws discussion
- •Text 1 the law of demand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 economic systems
- •Word study exercises
- •2) Выделять, назначать
- •Allocation n 1) распределение, размещение
- •Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Ex. 4.Match the verbs in column a with the nouns in column b. A b to allocate available resources
- •Comprehension
- •Ex. 8. Put the questions to the words in italics.
- •Text 2 command or planned economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Advantage – disadvantage
- •What does prefix dis-mean in the English word-building? Can you give some more examples of this rule?
- •Ex. 16. What are the synonyms from the text of the following words?
- •Comprehension
- •Text 3 free market economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 mixed economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Put these words in the sentences given below.
- •Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •A b
- •Comprehension
- •Questions for discussion
- •Final questionnaire
- •Traditional economy
- •Command economy
- •Free market and mixed economies
- •Why is business activity needed?
- •Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
- •At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
- •Informal English
- •What is the aim of all business?
- •Text 2 levels of economic activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 14. Reading. Robyn Penrose, the managing director of a manufacturing company is
- •What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
- •Infinitive Construction “to be (un)likely to do”
- •Business cycles
- •Vocabulary
- •Contraction
- •Recession
- •Expansion
- •What causes business cycles?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •What is international trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Import – export
- •Vocabulary
- •Management
- •Art or science?
- •Vocabulary
- •Management by objectives
- •Vocabulary
- •Management as a profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Final questionnaire
- •Managing a multinational company
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Ex.7. Answer the questions.
- •Discussion
- •International differences discussion
- •Business travel abroad
- •Recruitment
- •Vocabulary
- •Some pieces of advice will help you to bear your job interview successfully
- •Vocabulary
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Out of work
- •Types of Meetings
- •Vocabulary
- •How to organize and conduct a meeting
- •Checking understanding, interrupting, referring back
- •Companies
- •Entrepreneur
- •Vocabulary
- •I left England with £5 and now I'm a multi-millionaire!
- •A sole proprietorship
- •Vocabulary
- •Partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Corporation
- •Unit 7 talking about companies
- •Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •Comprehension
- •Describing company structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for reading
- •Управляемые самостоятельные работы студентов факультета экономики
- •The Witch of Wall Street
- •Vocabulary
- •Branch managers
- •Dx Communications – we succeed because we care.
- •0131 225 6755
- •4. A career in sales
- •2 Golf Road, Ellon, Aberdeenshire ab41 9at
- •Vocabulary
- •Imagine, you were him. What would you advise to your client?
- •Bibliography
Entrepreneur
Vocabulary
location– местоположение
entrepreneur – предприниматель, бизнесмен
to undertake– браться (приниматься) за какую-либо работу
with a view to profit– с намерением получить прибыль
addictiveness – привыкание
to take risks – брать на себя риск
gamblers– азартные игроки
obtainable goals – достижимые цели |
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misconception –неправильное представление, заблуждение
byproduct– побочный продукт
what makes them tick - что придает им силы
conducted a survey – провели опрос
to launch their enterprises – развернуть свои предприятия
to be personally liable – нести персональную ответственность
are in the range – находиться в пределах
retailing– розничная торговля
Economists sometimes identify a forth factor of production – enterprise. It is clear that, left to themselves, land, labour, and capital will not produce anything. There must be some person or persons, who will organize these three factors in order to produce goods and services. Someone must take the decisions (1) what to produce (the type of goods and services and the quantity), (2) how to produce (the methods of production); (3) where to produce (the location of the enterprise).
Whoever takes the decisions, and the consequent risks, is known as the entrepreneur.
Entrepreneur is a person who organizes and manages a business. This is a French word that has been accepted into English language because there is no really suitable English word to describe such a person, perhaps, “enterpriser” is the nearest we can get.
Entrepreneurs are a mystery to some people. The entrepreneur is the person who undertakes production with a view to profit. A driving force in entrepreneurship is addictiveness. Once people have a taste of freedom in a business of their own, they like it. They don’t want to go back to working for someone else. They prefer to take risks in order to be his or her own boss.
Many people think that those who go into business for themselves are naturally high risk-takers. Of course there are risks in business, but real entrepreneurs aren’t gamblers who depend solely on chance to succeed.
In fact, just the opposite is true: successful entrepreneurs do everything possible to minimize the real risks. They manage risk by setting reasonable and obtainable goals – then work to achieve them. In short, the successful small-business owner works hard and intelligently.
One of the biggest misconceptions about entrepreneurs is that they are only interested in making money. Entrepreneurs certainly like and respect money, but money is only a byproduct of an even bigger goal for many very successful entrepreneurs.
One US expert on entrepreneurial management observed:
“Many businesses fail because their owners were only interested in money. Most real successful companies are founded by someone with an idea and a dream. Whatever money and wealth they accumulated is the result of their willingness to work night and day to make this dream a reality. If you want to be really successful, know what your dreams are before going into business.”
The American magazine “Venture” attempted to analyze entrepreneurs and to see what makes them tick. They conducted a survey to which 2,740 readers responded. Here is what they had in common:
1) Typically they were first born children who had a positive relationship with their father.
2) They held jobs before they were 15 and started their first businesses by the time they reached 20.
3) They borrowed money to launch their enterprises and made themselves personally liable.
4) Most of them are college graduates and start work early in the day (82 percent start work before 9 a.m.).
5) 20 percent described themselves as successful; another 53 percent claimed moderate success; 27 percent reported the expectation of success.
How old are the people who start new business? The majority are 30 to 34, with the biggest segment (70%) between 25 and 44.
With what do entrepreneurs start up new business? How much money do they invest? Most businesses require between $20,000 and $50,000 in cash. The vast majority of business start-ups (87%) are in the range of a few thousand dollars to $100,000.
Which business are the most popular? There is no doubt that retailing is number one. Nearly half of all new business start-ups are retail shops.
COMPREHENSION
Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. The forth factor of production is labour.
2. Entrepreneur is a person who looks after small children.
3. The entrepreneur is the person who undertakes production with a view to profit.
4. It is not necessary for the successful small-business owner to work hard and intelligently.
5. Entrepreneurs prefer to take risks in order to be his or her own boss.
6. Entrepreneurs are only interested in making money.
7. A driving force in entrepreneurship is charisma.
8. If you want to be really successful, you should identify your dreams before going into
business.
9. If you had a positive relationship with your father you can become a successful businessman.
10. None of the entrepreneurs had a job before they started their first business.
11. Catering trade is number one business.
Ex. 7. Complete the ideas.
1. To organize three factors of production in order to produce goods and services someone must
take the decisions of . . .
2. A driving force in entrepreneurship is addictiveness. . . .
3. Successful entrepreneurs do everything possible to minimize the real risks. . .
4. Many businesses fail because their owners were only interested in money. . . .
5. The common things for all the entrepreneurs are: . . .
DISCUSSION
1. Suppose you have $75,000 of start-up capital. What business will you invest it in? (You may
open a pizza restaurant, a shoe repair shop, an accounting firm, a sport centre, a retail shop).
Give your reasons.
2. Would you like to expand your business if it does well? To what extent?
3. Will you hire a specialist to run your company or will you be your own boss?
4. What will you do first as soon as you make a profit: invest it in your company or start buying
luxuries?
5. Do you agree with the adage: (афоризм) “You can’t get rich working for someone else?”
SUPPLEMENTARY READING
Text 3