- •Частное учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание учебного материала
- •E c o n o m y
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Final questionnaire
- •Who wants to be a millionaire?
- •Pre-reading activities
- •Discussion
- •Text 1 economy and economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Ex. 9. Make up sentences from the jumbled words.
- •Limited resources: the need to choose
- •Final questionnaire
- •Unit 3 theories of economics
- •The first modern economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
- •Ex. 5. Translate into Russian in written form. Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire
- •Comprehension Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •Ex. 7. Answer the questions.
- •Classical school of economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.9. Match the verbs on the right with the nouns on the left.
- •Ex. 13. These are the answers to the questions. What are the questions?
- •Adam smith and “the wealth of nations”
- •Unit 4 levels of economics
- •Microeconomics versus macroeconomics
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5 main economic laws discussion
- •Text 1 the law of demand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 economic systems
- •Word study exercises
- •2) Выделять, назначать
- •Allocation n 1) распределение, размещение
- •Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Ex. 4.Match the verbs in column a with the nouns in column b. A b to allocate available resources
- •Comprehension
- •Ex. 8. Put the questions to the words in italics.
- •Text 2 command or planned economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Advantage – disadvantage
- •What does prefix dis-mean in the English word-building? Can you give some more examples of this rule?
- •Ex. 16. What are the synonyms from the text of the following words?
- •Comprehension
- •Text 3 free market economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 mixed economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Put these words in the sentences given below.
- •Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •A b
- •Comprehension
- •Questions for discussion
- •Final questionnaire
- •Traditional economy
- •Command economy
- •Free market and mixed economies
- •Why is business activity needed?
- •Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
- •At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
- •Informal English
- •What is the aim of all business?
- •Text 2 levels of economic activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 14. Reading. Robyn Penrose, the managing director of a manufacturing company is
- •What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
- •Infinitive Construction “to be (un)likely to do”
- •Business cycles
- •Vocabulary
- •Contraction
- •Recession
- •Expansion
- •What causes business cycles?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •What is international trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Import – export
- •Vocabulary
- •Management
- •Art or science?
- •Vocabulary
- •Management by objectives
- •Vocabulary
- •Management as a profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Final questionnaire
- •Managing a multinational company
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Ex.7. Answer the questions.
- •Discussion
- •International differences discussion
- •Business travel abroad
- •Recruitment
- •Vocabulary
- •Some pieces of advice will help you to bear your job interview successfully
- •Vocabulary
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Out of work
- •Types of Meetings
- •Vocabulary
- •How to organize and conduct a meeting
- •Checking understanding, interrupting, referring back
- •Companies
- •Entrepreneur
- •Vocabulary
- •I left England with £5 and now I'm a multi-millionaire!
- •A sole proprietorship
- •Vocabulary
- •Partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Corporation
- •Unit 7 talking about companies
- •Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •Comprehension
- •Describing company structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for reading
- •Управляемые самостоятельные работы студентов факультета экономики
- •The Witch of Wall Street
- •Vocabulary
- •Branch managers
- •Dx Communications – we succeed because we care.
- •0131 225 6755
- •4. A career in sales
- •2 Golf Road, Ellon, Aberdeenshire ab41 9at
- •Vocabulary
- •Imagine, you were him. What would you advise to your client?
- •Bibliography
Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
Even _____ the economically advanced countries there is a question _____ survival.
The system is based _____ private enterprise _______ private ownership _____ the means ______of production.
Market economies are directed _______ prices.
_____ traditional societies, people use methods ____ production and distribution that were devised _____ the distant past.
In these societies we find that the division ____ land____ the families____ the village or tribe, the methods and times _____ planting and harvesting all are based _____ tradition.
The economy _____ a country is affected _____ political changes both at home and abroad.
Changes ____ taste and fashion can influence the demands _____ many consumer goods.
Ex. 22. Match the verbs in column A with the nouns in column B.
A b
to own the consumers
to pay problems
to make wages
to employ means of production
to increase workers
to keep disadvantages
to create a profit
to charge monopolies
to avoid income
to solve production
Ex. 23. Generate other forms from these words.
Verb |
Noun |
Adjective |
|
manager |
|
to profit |
|
|
to lead |
|
|
|
|
competitive |
|
education |
|
to create |
|
|
|
|
mixed |
|
usage |
|
to free |
|
|
|
|
enjoyable |
to own |
|
|
Ex. 24. Make up sentences with the jumbled words.
the means of production / private individuals / by / a market economy / are owned..
by / are directed / market / prices / economies.
government / there is no / land / over / labour / control / capital / and.
to buy / free to choose / what / consumers / are / want / they.
Ex. 25. Translate these sentences into Russian paying special attention to the noun means
and the verb to mean.
To start business a manufacturer should buy the necessary means of production.
Nowadays people can easily communicate with each other by means of the Internet.
Oligopoly means a market condition on which relatively few firms produce identical or similar products.
A high tariff on imported goods is a possible means to reduce domestic demand for these goods.
For many developing countries the US assistance meant economic dependence.
New means of communication have appeared with the introduction of computers in people’s life.
The development of trade relations will mean larger international income.
A plane is known as the quickest means of travel to the farthest places on the earth.
Comprehension
Ex. 26. Find the false sentences and correct them using the information from the text.
In a market economy the means of production are state-owned.
Workers are paid wages according to their skills.
In a market economy there is government control over land, labour and capital.
Firms make more of the less profitable goods and fewer of the more profitable goods.
Market economies are directed by prices.
In a market economy workers have no incentive to work hard as they can’t keep most of their income because of the high taxes.
There are no “pure” market economies in the world today.
The United Kingdom is the country with command economy.
Ex. 27. Multiple choice. In the space provided, write the letter of the item that best
completes the statement.
____ 1. Individuals and businesses have the greatest say about what is produced in
market economies.
traditional economies.
command economies.
all economic systems.
____ 2. In this country goods and services are produced in much the same way as long
as anyone can remember. Occupations are determined at birth. The country
has
a. market economy.
b. traditional economy.
command economy.
mixed economy.
____ 3. In another country, privately owned business firms can produce goods or service
in any lawful manner that they choose. This country has a
market economy.
traditional economy.
command economy.
mixed economy.
____ 4. In a free enterprise system
individuals may enter any lawful business.
each citizen has the right to vote in elections.
goods are so plentiful that they are free.
workers do not charge for their labor.
____ 5. An economy is “mixed” when
goods and services are produced by both publicly and privately owned businesses.
government owns or controls all businesses.
economic decisions are made by tradition.
there is a “mixture” of rich and poor people.
____ 6. Which of the following decisions did not involve an economic incentive?
Alex saved his extra money in an account earning 6.5% interest.
Beta General Corp. purchased new robots to increase production.
Carlos feels it is important to stay healthy, so he spent the weekend hiking in the mountains.
Dolores returned to school to learn computer programming.
____ 7. Which of the following is a reason for government participation in the economy.
to reduce competition in the marketplace.
to provide goods and services more cheaply than private enterprise.
to regulate harmful externalities.
to guarantee that all business firms earn the profit.
____ 8. Which of the following is an example of a public good or service?
traffic lights.
World Series baseball games.
fuel-efficient compact automobiles.
computer repair service calls.
____ 9. Which economic system is based on a market economy?
capitalism.
communism.
socialism.
traditionalism.
____ 10. We generally refer to a nation that has a democratic political system, together
with government ownership of major industries, as
capitalist.
communist.
socialist.
fascist
____ 11. Which term does not belong with the other three?
Gosplan.
price-directed economy.
central economic planning.
five-year plan.
____ 12. The policy known as glasnost introduced by the Soviet leader Mikhail
Gorbachev
represents a return to Stalinist repression.
has made the Soviet Union a true democracy.
encourages some public criticism of government.
prohibits public discussion of weaknesses in the Soviet system.
____ 13. Perestroika which is Russian for “restructuring”,
has been denounced by the United States.
represents a return to the economic principles of Karl Marks.
provides for an increased involvement of government in day-to-day operations of economic enterprises.
d. allows prices to be set by market forces and requires Soviet enterprises to pay
their own way.
Ex. 28. Match the questions with the answer.
1. What is the market system based on?
|
a. Workers are paid wages according how skilled they are and how many firms wish to employ them. |
market economy? |
b. In a market economy consumers decide what is to be produced.
|
|
c. The system is based on private enterprise with private ownership of the means of production. |
|
d. A mixed economy contains elements of both market and command economies |
|
e. They are health, defence, water supply, education, public transport, electricity supply. |
6. Is creation of monopolies an advantage or disadvantage of a market economy? |
f. In a market economy the means of production are owned by private individuals. |
7. What elements does a mixed economy contain? |
g. Market economies are directed by prices. |
8. Where does the money for state health and education services come from in a command economy?
|
h. In mixed economies some resources are controlled by the government while the others are used in response to the demands of consumers. |
9. Who are resources in a mixed economy controlled by? |
i. Creation of monopolies is a disadvantage of a market economy. |
10. What important industries and organizations are controlled by the government in many countries? |
j. From the government. |