- •Частное учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание учебного материала
- •E c o n o m y
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Final questionnaire
- •Who wants to be a millionaire?
- •Pre-reading activities
- •Discussion
- •Text 1 economy and economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Ex. 9. Make up sentences from the jumbled words.
- •Limited resources: the need to choose
- •Final questionnaire
- •Unit 3 theories of economics
- •The first modern economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
- •Ex. 5. Translate into Russian in written form. Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire
- •Comprehension Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •Ex. 7. Answer the questions.
- •Classical school of economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.9. Match the verbs on the right with the nouns on the left.
- •Ex. 13. These are the answers to the questions. What are the questions?
- •Adam smith and “the wealth of nations”
- •Unit 4 levels of economics
- •Microeconomics versus macroeconomics
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5 main economic laws discussion
- •Text 1 the law of demand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 economic systems
- •Word study exercises
- •2) Выделять, назначать
- •Allocation n 1) распределение, размещение
- •Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Ex. 4.Match the verbs in column a with the nouns in column b. A b to allocate available resources
- •Comprehension
- •Ex. 8. Put the questions to the words in italics.
- •Text 2 command or planned economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Advantage – disadvantage
- •What does prefix dis-mean in the English word-building? Can you give some more examples of this rule?
- •Ex. 16. What are the synonyms from the text of the following words?
- •Comprehension
- •Text 3 free market economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 mixed economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Put these words in the sentences given below.
- •Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •A b
- •Comprehension
- •Questions for discussion
- •Final questionnaire
- •Traditional economy
- •Command economy
- •Free market and mixed economies
- •Why is business activity needed?
- •Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
- •At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
- •Informal English
- •What is the aim of all business?
- •Text 2 levels of economic activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 14. Reading. Robyn Penrose, the managing director of a manufacturing company is
- •What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
- •Infinitive Construction “to be (un)likely to do”
- •Business cycles
- •Vocabulary
- •Contraction
- •Recession
- •Expansion
- •What causes business cycles?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •What is international trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Import – export
- •Vocabulary
- •Management
- •Art or science?
- •Vocabulary
- •Management by objectives
- •Vocabulary
- •Management as a profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Final questionnaire
- •Managing a multinational company
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Ex.7. Answer the questions.
- •Discussion
- •International differences discussion
- •Business travel abroad
- •Recruitment
- •Vocabulary
- •Some pieces of advice will help you to bear your job interview successfully
- •Vocabulary
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Out of work
- •Types of Meetings
- •Vocabulary
- •How to organize and conduct a meeting
- •Checking understanding, interrupting, referring back
- •Companies
- •Entrepreneur
- •Vocabulary
- •I left England with £5 and now I'm a multi-millionaire!
- •A sole proprietorship
- •Vocabulary
- •Partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Corporation
- •Unit 7 talking about companies
- •Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •Comprehension
- •Describing company structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for reading
- •Управляемые самостоятельные работы студентов факультета экономики
- •The Witch of Wall Street
- •Vocabulary
- •Branch managers
- •Dx Communications – we succeed because we care.
- •0131 225 6755
- •4. A career in sales
- •2 Golf Road, Ellon, Aberdeenshire ab41 9at
- •Vocabulary
- •Imagine, you were him. What would you advise to your client?
- •Bibliography
Partnership
Vocabulary
to specify – подробно излагать
initial investment - первоначальный взнос
the means of sharing profits or losses – способы деления прибылей и убытков
limited partnership - товарищество на вере; товарищество (компания) с ограниченной
ответственностью
general (unlimited) partnership – товарищество (компания) с неограниченной
ответственностью
joint ventures – совместное предприятие
silent partner– партнер без права голоса
entity -экономический объект, хозяйственное подразделение
which often give much cause for disagreement – что часто служит причиной для
разногласий
trading risks – торговые риски
A partnership is a business owned by two or more persons associated as partners. Partnerships are created by an agreement, oral or written, which expresses the rights and obligations of each partner. Partners’ interests can be protected by an “Agreement of Partnership” that specifies all the details of the partnership. The partnership agreement includes such terms as the initial investment of each partner, the duties of each partner, the means of sharing profits or losses between the partners each year.
There are three types of partnerships: general (unlimited) partnerships, limited partnerships, and joint ventures. When the owners of the partnership have unlimited liability they are called general partners. If partners have limited liability they are “limited partners”. There may be a silent partner as well – a person who is known to the public as a member of the firm but without authority in management. The most common form is the general partnership, often used by lawyers, doctors, dentists, and accountants. Limited partnerships are a common form of ownership in real estate, oil prospecting, etc.
The advantages of this type of a firm are similar to those of the one-man business. It is a flexible organization in which partners usually specialize in one or more aspects of the business; one may be responsible for buying, one for selling, one for production, and so on. Partnerships, like sole proprietorships are easy to start up. Partnerships are a stronger entity and can attract new employees more easily than proprietorships. It is also easier for partnerships to raise additional capital. Creditors are more willing to lend money to partnerships than to proprietorships because all of the partners are subject to unlimited financial liability.
The great disadvantage, like that of the one-man business, is the fact that the liability of the partners is unlimited and partners together are legally liable for all the debts of the firm. If one of the partners cannot cover his or her share of the debts the other partners must pay all debts.
Partnerships are not as easy to dissolve as sole proprietorships. The survival of a partnership depends upon the relationship between a number of people in situations which often give much cause for disagreement. Thus, when trading risks are very great, the partnership is not very stable type of organization.
Ex. 16. Find equivalents from the text to the following words and word-combinations.
1. создается на основе договора _____________________________________
2. привлекать работников ___________________________________________
3. права и обязанности _____________________________________________
4. приобретать дополнительный капитал ______________________________
5. условия договора ________________________________________________
6. продолжительность существования товарищества _____________________
Ex. 17. Answer the questions:
1. What is the main characteristic of a partnership?
2. In what way are partnerships created?
3. How can the partners’ interests be protected?
4. What kind of document is the “Agreements of Partnership”?
5. How many types of partnerships do you know?
6. Which form of partnerships is more common?
7. What are the advantages of partnerships?
8. Is it easier or more difficult to obtain additional capital? Why?
9. What can be named as the major disadvantage of a partnership?
10. What does the survival of a partnership depend on?
Text 6