- •Частное учреждение образования
- •Contents
- •Предисловие
- •Содержание учебного материала
- •E c o n o m y
- •Money and its functions
- •Vocabulary
- •Money as a medium of exchange
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Final questionnaire
- •Who wants to be a millionaire?
- •Pre-reading activities
- •Discussion
- •Text 1 economy and economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Ex. 9. Make up sentences from the jumbled words.
- •Limited resources: the need to choose
- •Final questionnaire
- •Unit 3 theories of economics
- •The first modern economists
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 2. Use the following words to complete the sentences below.
- •Ex. 5. Translate into Russian in written form. Economic Individualism – Laissez-Faire
- •Comprehension Ex. 6. Say if the sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
- •Ex. 7. Answer the questions.
- •Classical school of economics
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex.9. Match the verbs on the right with the nouns on the left.
- •Ex. 13. These are the answers to the questions. What are the questions?
- •Adam smith and “the wealth of nations”
- •Unit 4 levels of economics
- •Microeconomics versus macroeconomics
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 5 main economic laws discussion
- •Text 1 the law of demand
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 6 economic systems
- •Word study exercises
- •2) Выделять, назначать
- •Allocation n 1) распределение, размещение
- •Ex. 2. Match the words with their definitions.
- •Ex. 4.Match the verbs in column a with the nouns in column b. A b to allocate available resources
- •Comprehension
- •Ex. 8. Put the questions to the words in italics.
- •Text 2 command or planned economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Advantage – disadvantage
- •What does prefix dis-mean in the English word-building? Can you give some more examples of this rule?
- •Ex. 16. What are the synonyms from the text of the following words?
- •Comprehension
- •Text 3 free market economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Text 4 mixed economy
- •Vocabulary
- •Word study
- •Put these words in the sentences given below.
- •Ex. 21. Fill in the gaps with prepositions.
- •A b
- •Comprehension
- •Questions for discussion
- •Final questionnaire
- •Traditional economy
- •Command economy
- •Free market and mixed economies
- •Why is business activity needed?
- •Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
- •At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
- •Informal English
- •What is the aim of all business?
- •Text 2 levels of economic activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Ex. 14. Reading. Robyn Penrose, the managing director of a manufacturing company is
- •What is the key point that this extract is making about economies?
- •Infinitive Construction “to be (un)likely to do”
- •Business cycles
- •Vocabulary
- •Contraction
- •Recession
- •Expansion
- •What causes business cycles?
- •Vocabulary
- •Vocabulary
- •What is international trade
- •Vocabulary
- •Import – export
- •Vocabulary
- •Management
- •Art or science?
- •Vocabulary
- •Management by objectives
- •Vocabulary
- •Management as a profession
- •Vocabulary
- •Final questionnaire
- •Managing a multinational company
- •Vocabulary
- •Comprehension
- •Ex.7. Answer the questions.
- •Discussion
- •International differences discussion
- •Business travel abroad
- •Recruitment
- •Vocabulary
- •Some pieces of advice will help you to bear your job interview successfully
- •Vocabulary
- •Curriculum vitae
- •Curriculum Vitae
- •Out of work
- •Types of Meetings
- •Vocabulary
- •How to organize and conduct a meeting
- •Checking understanding, interrupting, referring back
- •Companies
- •Entrepreneur
- •Vocabulary
- •I left England with £5 and now I'm a multi-millionaire!
- •A sole proprietorship
- •Vocabulary
- •Partnership
- •Vocabulary
- •Corporation
- •Unit 7 talking about companies
- •Ex. 4. Match the words on the left with the words on the right.
- •Comprehension
- •Describing company structure
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for reading
- •Управляемые самостоятельные работы студентов факультета экономики
- •The Witch of Wall Street
- •Vocabulary
- •Branch managers
- •Dx Communications – we succeed because we care.
- •0131 225 6755
- •4. A career in sales
- •2 Golf Road, Ellon, Aberdeenshire ab41 9at
- •Vocabulary
- •Imagine, you were him. What would you advise to your client?
- •Bibliography
Why is business activity needed?
Vocabulary physical item – материальные предметы
shareholder– акционер
business activity– деловая активность, коммерческая деятельность
self-sufficient– самодостаточный
basic existence– примитивное существование
tradedthose goods for others– обменивали одни товары на другие
businesses– зд. предприятия
At the previous lessons we have discussed the following issues:
People have unlimited wants.
The four factors of production – the resources needed to make goods – are in limited supply.
Scarcity results from limited resources and unlimited wants.
Choice is necessary when resources are scarce. This leads to opportunity cost.
Specialization improves the efficiency with which resources are used.
So far, we have hardly mentioned businesses. Where does business activity fit into the ideas we have already looked at?
The aim of all business is to combine the factors of production to make products which will satisfy people’s wants. These products can either be goods – physical items such as cars and shoes which we can touch and see – or they can be services, such as insurance, tourism or banking.
Businesses can be small – just one person, for example – or large. Some businesses employ thousands of people with operations in many different countries. Businesses can be privately-owned or owned by the state. They can be owned by one person or by thousands of shareholders. Whatever their size and whoever owns them, all businesses have one thing in common – they combine factors of production to make products which satisfy people’s wants.
What would life be without business activity? In simple, undeveloped societies, businesses do not exist. Everybody attempts to do everything for themselves – they are self-sufficient. With their own plot of land and by their own efforts, such as hunting, they attempt to survive and produce enough for their own needs. This is a very basic existence. By a gradual process of specialization, people began to concentrate on what they were best at. They then traded those goods for others made by people who had skilled in other areas. In this way, businesses began to be formed, and trade and exchange of goods expanded. In today’s world, most people work in one job for a weekly wage. With this money, they are able to purchase a wide range of goods and services produced by many different businesses.
Business activity therefore:
combines scarce factors of production in order to produce goods and services
produces those goods and services which are needed to satisfy the needs and wants of the population
employs people as workers and pays them wages to allow them to consume products made by other people.
WORD STUDY
Ex. 1. Study the different meaning of the word business and use it to translate the
sentences.
businessn1) дело, занятие; работа
2) бизнес, предпринимательская деятельность
3) предприятие; фирма, компания
4) торговля
businessadj1) деловой; коммерческий
Study different collocations with the word business.
be in business be out of business business partner domestic business foreign business get down to business go into business go out of business go on business international business monkey business profitable business put out of business run a business set up a business wind up a business |
- заниматься делами, быть в деле – обанкротиться, выйти из дела - партнер по бизнесу, компаньон - отечественный бизнес, отечественное предпринимательство - иностранный бизнес, иностранное предпринимательство – заняться делом, приступить к делу - заниматься торговлей - прекратить свою деятельность; обанкротиться – ездить по делам (в командировку) - международная торговля - дурачества,"фокусы", "штучки", жульничество, афера - доходное дело, выгодное дело – разорить - вести дело, управлять предприятием - учредить предприятие - ликвидировать (свернуть) предприятие, дело |