- •Міністерство освіти і науки україни
- •Мета навчання англійської мови студентів гуманітарних спеціальностей
- •What’s your learning style?
- •Sociology reinterpreted
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Tenses, for more information see Reference 1
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Analysis of questionnaire
- •Let’s play the no-no game
- •The ethics of research
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Relative clauses, for more information see Reference 2
- •Forming a hypothesis
- •Interpreting the data
- •Begin with:
- •Vocabulary Task 4. Chose the best headline a-h for each paragraph 1-8 (All the headlines will be used).
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Passive Voice, for more information see Reference 3
- •A: company president b: sales clerk
- •C Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Answers to quiz
- •Economy: historical overview. Social inequality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of the Articles, for more information see Appendix 4
- •Idea, European, expensive project, thousand times, mp, economic crisis, ewe, honest decision, mba, academic year, yearly chart, honourable person, university, euphemism.
- •Views on inequality
- •1. I stay late at the office:
- •2. Regarding my job, my friends and family say:
- •3. I miss events with my family and friends due to work:
- •4. I find myself doing work tasks outside of the office:
- •5. If I need to take personal time off of work (for a doctor’s appointment or another personal obligation):
- •Time, work and leisure
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words (not all words are needed) from the previous exercise into the gaps below.
- •In this unit we make review of Clauses, for more information see Appendix 5
- •Social movements and social conflicts
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reference words,For more information see Appendix 6
- •Begin with c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Study skills answers
- •Education and equality
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of adjective, for more information see Appendix 7
- •Begin with: c Have youused any new expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •The name game
- •Ideas are plants
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 7. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Inversion, for more information see Reference 8
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Suggested answers to task 2
- •Saving lives through social action
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Reported Speech, for more information see Appendix 9
- •Are is has live can can’t will were was had lived could won’t would
- •Begin with: c Have youused any expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work
- •Unit 10
- •The seven rules of rhetoric
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct words from the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we continue review of Inversion and start review of Emphasis, for more information see Reference 10
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?written 10 sentences?checked your spelling?checked punctuation and grammar?heck your work unit 11
- •How ambitious are you?
- •1. In ten years do you hope to:
- •2. In twenty years' time do you hope to:
- •Why marriage?: the universal functions of the family
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Conditionals, for more information see Appendix 11
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interisting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Conditionals?heck your work
- •Unit 12
- •Men versus women quiz
- •3. A study has found women are more sensitive to male body odours than vice versa because…
- •4. Studies have shown that women feel more pain than men. What is not a reason for this?
- •8. Pick the incorrect answer from these research findings about heterosexual infidelity…
- •Answers
- •1. Answer: c) Roughly the same amount, 16,000 words per day.
- •3. Answer: b) Women can detect body odour better than men when the smell is being disguised.
- •4. Answer: c) Women have fewer nerve receptors than men causing them to feel pain more acutely.
- •5. Answer: d) All of the above.
- •6. Answer: d) Gay men use a mixture of male and female navigating techniques.
- •7. Answer: b) Women use parts of their brain involved in language processing more than men to decipher jokes.
- •8. Answer: a) Women were more likely to believe that men have sex when they are in love.
- •9. Answer: b) It's a cultural belief, standardised testing shows no gender differences in maths performance.
- •10. Answer: c) As a member of a predominantly monogamous species men invest more energy in relationships.
- •Masculinity and femininity: socialized differences
- •Vocabulary
- •In this unit we make review of Gerund/Infinitive, for more information see Appendix 12
- •1. Breaking the speed limits is regarded by men as a minor offence.
- •Unit 13
- •Social control
- •Vocabulary
- •Task 6. Fill in the correct wordsfrom the previous exercise into the gaps below (not all words are needed).
- •In this unit we make review of Modal Forms, for more information see Appendix 13
- •1. Deviance should be defined as violation of expected rules and norms.
- •4. Аномальність має бути розглянута з точки зору групових інтересів.
- •Begin with: c Have youused any interesting expressions from the text in your summary?checked your spelling?used any Modal forms?heck your work
- •Grammar reference
- •Relative clauses
- •Passive voice
- •Articles
- •Clauses
- •Reference words
- •Adjective
- •Inversion
- •Reported speech
- •Emphasis
- •First Conditional: real possibility
- •Infinitive
- •The modals table
- •Literature
Inversion
The order of words in which the predicate is placed before the subject is called inversion.
Inversion is full when the whole predicate is placed before the subject or partial when only the auxiliary or modal verb precedes the subject.
Full inversion is used in sentence with the introductory there.
Full inversion occurs in declarative sentences beginning with adverbial modifiers of place if the subject of the sentence is a noun and the predicate is an intransitive verb.
Full inversion takes place when the sentence begins with the words here, there, now, then if the subject is a noun.
Full inversion is used when the words up, off, out, down, open the sentence but only when the subject is a noun.
Full inversion is found with the verb to say, to answer, to reply, used after direct speech if the subject is a noun and the verb has no object.
Partial inversion takes place in sentences beginning with such words as never, seldom, rarely, little, in vain, hardly, scarcely, not only, nor, neither, no sooner than, nowhere, never (before), not (even) once, on no account, only by, only in this way, only then, hardly (ever)…when, no sooner …than, not until/till, in no way, in/under no circumstances, not since.
Seldom do we go out since the baby was born.
Never (before) have I seen such a beautiful woman.
APPENDIX 9
Reported speech
Rules for changing Direct Speech into Indirect Speech.
Rule :1. The adverbs of nearness should be put into those of distance.
|
Direct Speech |
- |
Indirect Speech |
|
now |
- |
Then |
|
here |
- |
There |
|
this |
- |
That |
|
these |
- |
Those |
|
ago |
- |
Before |
|
thus |
- |
So |
|
to-day |
- |
that day |
|
to-night |
- |
that night |
|
yesterday |
- |
the day before (or) the previous day |
|
tomorrow |
- |
the next day (or) the following day |
|
last week |
- |
the week before |
|
next week |
- |
the week after |
Rule: 2. Tenses.
If the reporting verb is in the Present or Future tense (e.g., say, will say) there is no change in the tense of the verb in the Indirect speech. Antony says, “I eat a mango”. (D.S.) Antony says, that he eats a mango”. (I.S.)
If Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense. The tense of the verbs in the reported speech or Indirect Speech must be generally changed.
1. Present Tense in the Direct becomes p.ast tense. Johnsi said, “I write a letter”. (D.S) Johnsi said that she wrote a letter. (I.S) 2. Past Tense in the direct becomes past perfect or remains unchanged. Angel said, “I brought a pen yesterday”. (D.S) Angel said that she had bought a pen the day before. (I.S) 3. Present Continuous in the direct becomes past continuous. John said, “I am going to church”. (D.S) John said that he was going to church. (I.S) 4. Past Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous. Nelson said, “I was playing cricket”. (D.S) Nelson said that he had been playing cricket. (I.S) 5. Present Perfect in the direct becomes past perfect. Kamal said, “I have done my home work”. (D.S) Nelson said that he had done his home work. (I.S) 6. Present Perfect Continuous in the direct becomes past perfect continuous. He said, “I have been reading a novel”. (D.S) He said that he had been reading a novel. (I.S) 7. ‘Will’ and ‘Shall’ are changed to ‘would’. He said, “I will go to London tomorrow”. (D.S) He said that he would go to London the next day. (I.S)
8.
|
may |
- |
Might |
|
can |
- |
Could |
|
must |
- |
had to (or) must |
Johnsi said, “I must go now”. (D.S) Johnsi said that she must (or) had to go then. (I.S) Exception to the above rule: If the direct speech contains the Universal Truth, the tense of the direct speech remains unchanged even if the reporting verb is in the past. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the East”. (D.S) The teacher said that the sun rises in the East. (I.S)Statement (or) Assertive SentenceRules:
Remove the quotation marks in the statement
Use the conjuction ‘that’
Change the reporting verb ‘say to’ into ‘tell’
Change the reporting verb ‘said to’ into ‘told’
Note:
He said that (correct)
He told me that (correct)
He told that (Incorrect)
“I will work hard to get first class” said Lazar (D.S.) Lazar said he would work hard to get first class. (I.S.) 2. “You can do this work” said Nelson to Johnsi (D.S.) Nelson told Johnsi that he could do that work. (I.S.) 3. He says, “I am glad to be here this evening”(D.S.) He says that he is glad to be there that evening. (I.S.) 4. “I‘m going to the library now” said David (D.S.) David said that he was going to the library then. (I.S.
APPENDIX 10