Practice Drills

I. Read through the characteristics below and decide to which of the formats of CVs (resumes) they belong:

1. Stresses selected skill areas which are marketable or in demand.

2. Interviewers are familiar with it.

3. Puts a steady, long-term employment into best perspective.

4. Positions not related to job goals can be played down.

5. Helps camouflage a spotty employment record.

6. Is the easiest to prepare, structured on work history.

II. Answer the questions about career histories using for, since and ago.

1. How long did he study economics (electronics, etc.)?

2. How long has he been working for ... ?

3. How long has he been running his own company?

4. How long ago did he leave university?

5. How long was he a consultant at ...?

6. How long did he work for the firm of recruitment consultants / trading food, etc?

III. How about you?

1. How long ago did you start your present job?

2. How long have you had your present job?

3. How long have you been working for .. company?

4. How long ago did you start learning English?

5. How long ago did you take your driving test?

6. How long have you been a PC user?

IV. Work in pairs.

Choose three most important questions and role-play the final stage of an interview.

Grammar revision. Мodal verbs and their equivalents Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

1. Модальные глаголы – выражают не действие, а способность, возможность, должествование или необходимость его совершения. Инфинитив смыслового глагола, следующий за модальными глаголами can, must, may, should употребляется без частицы to, а с модальным глаголом to be to и эквивалентами модальных глаголов to be able to, to be allowed to, to have to без частицы to.

Модальные глаголы не имеют неличных форм - инфинитива, герундия, причастия; не изменяются по лицам и числам, то есть имеют одну форму для всех лиц единственного и множественного числа.

В вопросительной форме модальный глагол ставится в предложении перед подлежащим:

Can you type? Ты можешь печатать?

В отрицательном предложении отрицательная частица ставится после модального глагола:

You can not type. Ты не можешь печатать.

Модальный глагол can не имеет формы будущего, а глаголы must , might прошедшего и будущего времени. Вместо них используются эквиваленты to be able to, to have to, to be allowed to. Вспомним правила их использования, посмотрев на таблицу.

Modal verbs and their equivalents Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты

Табл.9.

Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты	Значение	Present	Past	Future
Can	Выражает физическую или умственную способность	Can могу, умею	Could мог,умел	-
To be able to		am able to is able to are able to могу, умею	was able to were able to мог,умел	shall be able to will be able to сможет,сумеет
Must	Выражает необходимость совершения действия	Must	Might *	-
To have to		Have to Has to должен	had to пришлось	shall have to will have to придется
May	Выражает разрешение, просьбу	May		-
To be allowed to		Am allowed to Is allowed to Are allowed to можете, можно, разрешено	Was allowed to Were allowed to разрешили	shall be allowed to will be allowed to разрешат

*Might как прошедшее время от may используется в придаточных предложениях, например:

She asked him if she might borrow a pen and paper. Она спросила его, можно ли одолжить ей ручку и бумагу.

Complete the sentences. Use can, can’t, could, couldn’t

1. I was at the meeting and I … phone you.

2. She spoke very quickly. I …understand her.

3. She got the job because she … speak five languages.

4. You are speaking very quietly. I … hear you.

5. I like this hotel. You … see mountains from the window.

6. Have you seen the contract? I … find it.

7. He … go to the meeting last week. He was ill.

8. Even when she was young she … type very fast.

Polite requests Модальные глаголы can, could, may используются для выражения просьбы. В основном с этой целью используется глагол can. Сan I speak to Mr Cobb, please? Могу я поговорить с м-ром Коббом? Использование could делает Вашу просьбу более вежливой. Could you help me with my bag? Вы не могли бы помочь мне с сумкой? Более формальным и менее распространенным является использование глагола may . May I help you, sir? Я могу Вам помочь?

Rewrite the sentences using can, could, may (permission, request)

1. I’d like to talk to you for a minute, Mr Black (polite)

Could I talk to you for a minute, Mr Black?

2. I would like to use your phone (polite)

3. I would like to stop work early today ( formal)

4. I would like to speak to Jane if she’s there (polite)

5. I would like you to help me for a few minutes (polite)

6. I would like to pay you tomorrow (polite)

7. Take my laptop if you want to.

8. I’d be glad if you translate this for me ( friendly)

9. I’d be glad if you translate this for me (polite)

10. Tell me when it is time to go ( friendly)

11. I’d be grateful if you would tell me when it’s time to go (polite)

12. Start preparing the papers now.

13. I don’t mind calling you back later if you like me to.

14. I’d be glad if you would lend me 100$.

15. I would like to ask you a question (polite)

16. I would like some tea.

17. I would like you to pass me the salt (polite)

18. Would you like me to take your coat?

19. Would you like a cup of coffee?

20. I would to have your number in case I need more information (polite)

21. I want you to repeat your question(polite)

Someone is calling to the hotel to make reservations. Who asks all these questions - a receptionist or a caller?

Could I reserve a room for next week?

May I have your name?

Can you confirm your reservation in writing?

Can I fax you tomorrow?

Could you tell me your fax number?

Есть ощутимая разница в употреблении can’t и don’t have to . Если can/can’t обозначает возможность/невозможность, неспособность к чему-либо, то have to / don’t have to то показывает, что ты обязан/ не обязан что-либо делать. Сравните: I can’t speak French. Я не могу говорить по-французски. You don’t have to attend the meeting. Тебе не обязательно присутствовать на встречу.

What are the advantages of working part-time? Make sentences using can and don’t have and the ideas below.

• Spend time with your family – You can spend more time with your family

• Monday to Friday – You don’t have to work Monday to Friday.

• Continue your studies

• Have more time to relax

• Always work 8 hours a day

• Have two different jobs

• Develop a hobby

• Choose one employer for life

• Work with the same people all the time

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the following jobs – pilot, waiter, engineer, teacher, accountant, translator? Talk about hours, dress, customers, language etc.

I can I’m allowed to I have to I can’t I’m not allowed to I don’t have to

e.g. Pilot – He can travel a lot and visit interesting places.

He has to be away from his family