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Система гуманитарного и социально-экономического знания. Языковая подготовка. Учебное пособие

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Тема 3. Основной курс

ened with the rivalry of William and another royal claimant, Harold III Hardraade,

king of Norway, as well as with the enmity of Tostig. — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

4. The princess’s education was supervised by her mother, who entrusted her daugh

ters to a governess, Marion Crawford; the princess was also grounded in history by

C.H.K. Marten, afterward provost of Eton College, and had instruction from visit

ing teachers in music and languages. — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

5. MS. Lori Rots Vice—president of Johnston Corporation Austin, Texas, 555655 Dear MS Roots: Thank you for your time and attention during my interview — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

6. So far so good there were many people. — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

7. Two great diarists are among the most significant witnesses to the development of

the Restoration world. Both possessed formidably active and inquisitive intelligences. — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

8. In the spring of 1812, therefore, Napoleon massed his forces in Poland to intimi

date Alexander. After some last attempts at agreement, in late June his Grande

Armee — about 453,000 men, including contingents extorted from Prussia and from

Austria — began to cross the Niemen River. The Russians retreated, adopting a

«scorched earth» policy. — Публицистический — Научный — Официально—деловой — Художественный

9. The peninsula consists of a limestone and shale ridge known as the Rock. It rises

abruptly from the isthmus to 1,380 feet (421 m) at Rock Gun, which is its north

ernmost summit. Its greatest height, 1,396 feet (426 m), is attained near its south

ern end. — Публицистический — Научный — Официальноделовой — Художественный

10. After 1047 William began to take part in events outside his duchy. In support of his

271

Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов

lord, King Henry, and in pursuit of an ambition to strengthen his southern frontier and expand into Maine, he fought a series of campaigns against Geoffrey Martel,

count of Anjou. — Публицистический — Научный — Официальноделовой — Художественный

Правильные ответы 12345678910 1121341221

Комментарии к тексту.

Наполеон желал завоевать Англию. На протяжении многих лет он готовился к сражению: готовил франкоиспанский флот, проводил континентальную блока ду. Но ему не удалось осуществить свои планы.

Первый уровень

In the beginning of the 19th century France had the same problem as in 1798. [In] [Dq] [bI'gInIN] [Pv] [Dq] ["naIn'ti:nT] ['sentSqrI] [frQ:ns] [hxd] [Dq] [seIm] ['prPblqm] [xz] [In] ["sev(q)n'ti:n] ['naIntI] [eIt]

France wanted to cross the Channel. [frQ:ns] ['wPntId] [tu:] [krPs] [Dq] ['tSxnl]

The result would be the French control of the sea. [Dq] [rI'zAlt] [wVd] [bi:] [Dq] [frentS]

[kPn'trqVl] [Pv] [Dq] [si:]

The problem was the same as in 1798. [Dq] ['prPblqm] [wPz] [Dq] [seIm] [xz] [In] ["sev(q)n'ti:n] ["naIn'ti:n] [eIt]

Napoleon began to prepare an invasion again. [nq'pqVlIqn] [bI'gxn] [tu:] [prI'peq] [xn] [In'veIZ(q)n] [q'ge(I)n]

It was the FrancoSpanish navy coalition. [It] [wPz] [Dq] ['frxNkq(V)- 'spxnIS] ['neIvI] ["kqVq'lIS(q)n]

The Russian emperor Alexander I was tired of the alliance with the British. [Dq] ['rAS(q)n] ['emp(q)rq] ["xlIg'zxndq] [Dq][fWst] [wPz] ['taIqd] [Pv] [DI] [q'laIqns] [wID] [Dq] ['brItn]

He met Napoleon at Tilsit. [hi:] [met] [nq'pqVlIqn] [xt] 'tIlzIt]

They divided control of Europe between the emperors. [DeI] [dI'vaIdId] [kPn'trqVl]

[Pv] ['jV(q)rqp] [bI'twi:n] ['emp(q)rqz]

Napoleon was taking the west and Alexander the east. [nq'pqVlIqn] [wPz] ['teIkIN] [Dq] [west] [xnd] ["xlIg'zxndq] [DI] [i:st]

Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.

Задание 2. Перевести текст.

Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.

Второй уровень

1. From 1803 to 1805 Napoleon had only the British to fight.

2. France could hope for victory only by landing an army in the British Isles.

3. The British could defeat Napoleon only by forming a continental coalition against him.

4. Napoleon began to prepare an invasion again, this time with greater conviction and on a larger scale.

5. Still far inferior to the British Navy, the French fleet needed the help of the Spanish.

6. On October 21, 1805, Napoleon was attacked by Nelson off Cape Trafalgar.

272

Тема 3. Основной курс

7. Nelson was killed in the battle, but the FrancoSpanish fleet was totally destroyed.

8. The British had won a decisive victory, which eliminated the danger of invasion and gave them freedom of movement at sea.

9. The Russian emperor Alexander I met Napoleon at Tilsit, in northern Prussia near the Russian frontier.

10. Napoleon took the west part of Europe and Alexander the east.

Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:

A. The headline of this text is … The main idea of this text is … This text consists of … parts. The fierst part is about … The 2nd part is about ... The 3d part is about ... Concluding the text … B. From 1803 to 1805 Napoleon had _______________________________________ France could hope for ________________________________________________ The British could defeat Napoleon only by _________________________________ Napoleon began to prepare an invasion again, this time with ____________________ Still far inferior to the British Navy, the French fleet _________________________ On October 21, 1805, Napoleon was attacked by _____________________________ Nelson was killed in the battle, but _______________________________________ The British had won a decisive victory, which eliminated the ____________________ The Russian emperor Alexander I met Napoleon at Tilsit, in ___________________ Napoleon took the west part of __________________________________________

Третий уровень

1. From 1803 to 1805 Napoleon had only the British to fight; and again France could hope for victory only by landing an army in the British Isles, whereas the British could defeat Napoleon only by forming a continental coalition against him. Napoleon be gan to prepare an invasion again, this time with greater conviction and on a larger scale. He gathered nearly 2,000 ships between Brest and Antwerp and concentrated his Grande Armee in the camp at Boulogne (1803). Even so, the problem was the same as in 1798: to cross the Channel, the French had to have control of the sea.

2. Still far inferior to the British Navy, the French fleet needed the help of the Span ish; and even then the two fleets together could not hope to defeat more than one of the British squadrons. Spain was induced to declare war on Great Britain in De cember 1804, and it was decided that French and Spanish squadrons massed in the Antilles should lure a British squadron into these waters and defeat it, thus making the balance roughly equal between the FrancoSpanish navy and the British.

3. A battle in the entrance to the Channel could then be fought with some chance of success.

4. The plan failed. The French squadron from the Mediterranean, under Adm. Pierre de Villeneuve, found itself alone at the appointed meeting place in the Antilles. Pur sued by Nelson and not daring to attack him, it turned back toward Europe and took refuge in Cadiz in July 1805; there the British blockaded it. Accused of cowardice by the angry Napoleon, Villeneuve resolved to run the blockade, with the support of a Spanish squadron; but on October 21, 1805, he was attacked by Nelson off Cape

273

Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов

Trafalgar. Nelson was killed in the battle, but the FrancoSpanish fleet was totally destroyed. The British had won a decisive victory, which eliminated the danger of invasion and gave them freedom of movement at sea.

5. They had also succeeded in organising a new antiFrench coalition consisting of Austria, Russia, Sweden, and Naples. On July 24, 1805, three months before Tra falgar, Napoleon had ordered the Grande Armee from Boulogne to the Danube (thus ruling out an invasion of England even if the French had won at Trafalgar). In the week preceding Trafalgar, the Grande Armee won an outstanding victory over the Austrians at Ulm, and on November 13 Napoleon entered Vienna. On December 2, 1805, in his greatest victory he defeated the combined Austrian and Russian ar mies in the Battle of Austerlitz. By the Treaty of Pressburg, Austria renounced all influence in Italy and ceded Venetia and Dalmatia to Napoleon, as well as exten sive territory in Germany to his proteges Bavaria, Werttemberg, and Baden. The French then proceeded to dethrone the Bourbons in the kingdom of Naples, which was bestowed on Napoleon’s brother Joseph. In July 1806 the Confederation of the Rhine was founded — soon to embrace all western Germany in a union under French protection.

6. In September 1806 Prussia entered the war against France, and on October 14 the Prussian armies were defeated at Jena and at Auerstdt. The Russians put up a bet ter resistance at Eylau in February 1807 but were routed at Friedland in June. In Warsaw Napoleon fell in love with Countess Marie Walewska, a Polish patriot who hoped that Napoleon would resurrect her country. Napoleon had a son by her.

7. The Russian emperor Alexander I could have continued the struggle, but he was tired of the alliance with the British. He met Napoleon at Tilsit, in northern Prussia near the Russian frontier. There, on a raft anchored in the middle of the Niemen River, they signed treaties that created the Grand Duchy of Warsaw from the Polish prov inces detached from Prussia and, in effect, divided control of Europe between the emperors, Napoleon taking the west and Alexander the east. Alexander even made a vague promise of a land attack against the British possessions in India.

Задание 5.

A. Пересскажите текст. This text is about …

5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения: Napoleon had only the British to fight – to have to – модальный глагол by forming  герундий on a larger scale – в большом масштабе Napoleon was attacked by Nelson  was attacked – пассивный залог the British Navy – британский флот the French fleet – французский флот

5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

the British to fight hope for victory by landing an army by forming a continental coalition to prepare an invasion again this time

on a larger scale the battle the FrancoSpanish fleet totally a decisive victory the danger of invasion near the Russian frontier the west part of Europe

274

Тема 3. Основной курс

Сводная таблица времен глаголов.

голаз/ямерВtneserPtsaPerutuF

evitcA

elpmiS

evissaP

evitcA

suounitno

evissaP

evitcA

tcefreP

vissaP

tcefreP

suounitnoc

evitcA

evissaPтеНтеНтеН

Unit 21. Blockade and the peninsular campaign

Имя числительное

)seod(oD

)skrow(kroW

dera

eno

si(dekrowmA

era,dekrow

)dekrow

si(gniodmA

nieb

)enod

era,enodgnieb

enodg

)dekrow

neebevaH

)gnikrow

diD

dekroW

,enodsi(enodmA

)enod

)gniodera,gniod

dekrowgniebmA ,dekrowgniebsi(

)dekrowgniebera

sah(enodevaH

sah(dekrowevaH

enodneebevaH )enodneebsah(

dekrowneebevaH

gniodneebevaH )gniodneebsah(

neebsah(gnikrow

)gniod

si(enodgniebmA

)dekrowneebsah(

erew(enodsaW

)dekrow

erew(gniodsaW

enodgniebsaW

gnieberew(

)dekrow

enoddaH

dekrowdaH

enodneebdaH

gni

odneebdaH

enoD

krowlliW

erew(dekrowsaW

)enodgnieberew(

теН

dekrowgniebsaW

dekrowneebdaH

gnikrowneebdaH

enodeblliW

dekroweblliW

gniodeblliW

enodevahlliW

dekrowevahlliW

enod

gniod

neebevahlliW

eebevahlliW

dekrow

neebevahlliW

gnikrow

Проверочные тесты

Переведите предложения на английский язык (использование всех времен):

1. Моя сестра была вчера в кино. — My sister is not in the cinema yesterday. (Present Simple) — My sister was in the cinema yesterday. (Past Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

2. Я всегда помогаю маме по дому. — I always help mother about the house. (Present Simple) — I always helps mother about the house. (Past Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

3. Моя сестра работает в этом офисе. — My sister work at this office. (Present Simple) — My sister works at this office. (Present Simple) — Оба перевода верны.

275

Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов

— Нет правильных ответов.

4. Коля не любит яблоки. — Nick doesn’t like apples. (Present Simple) — Nick does not like apples. (Present Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

5. Мой брат не любит читать газеты. — My brother doesn’t like to read newspapers. (Present Simple) — My brother does not like to read newspapers. (Present Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

6. Он закончит перевод статьи к понедельнику. — He will have finished the translation of the article by Monday. (Future Perfect

Simple)

— He will has finished the translation of the article by Monday. (Future Perfect

Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

7. Дождь прекратился и ярко светит солнце. — It has stopped raining and the sun is shining brightly. (Present Perfect Simple,

Present Progressive) — It have stopped raining and the sun is shining brightly. (Present Perfect Simple,

Present Progressive) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

8. Он нам чтото говорил, но мы ничего не слышали. — He was speaking to us something but we didn’t hear anything. (Past Progressive,

Past Simple) — He has speaking to us something but we didn’t hear anything. (Past Progressive,

Past Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

9. Петр обычно завтракает в 8 часов утра. — Peter usually have breakfast at 8 o’clock in the morning. (Present Simple) — Peter usually has breakfast at 8 o’clock in the morning. (Present Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

10. Последнее время я не видел их. — I haven’t seen them lately. (Present Perfect Simple) — I has not seen them lately. (Present Perfect Simple) — Оба перевода верны. — Нет правильных ответов.

Правильные ответы 12345678910 2123311121

Комментарии к тексту

Наиболее важными событиями войны Наполеона с Великобритаией были кон

тинентальная блокада и подготовка к сражению.

276

Тема 3. Основной курс

Первый уровень

Napoleon tried to induce capitulation. [nq'pqVlIqn] [traId] [tu:] [In'dju:s] [kq"pItjV'leIS(q)n] It was the plan of stifling the British economy. [It] [wPz] [Dq] [plxn] [Pv] ['staIflIN]

[Dq] ['brItIS] [I'kPnqmI]

Napoleon could no longer think of invading England. [nq'pqVlIqn] [kVd] [nqV] [lPNq]

[TINk][Pv] [In'veIdIN] ['INglqnd]

It was the main coalition between France, Spain and Portugal. [It] [wPz] [Dq] [meIn]

["kqVq'lIS(q)n] [bI'twi:n] [frQ:ns] [speIn] [xnd] ['pO:tjVg(q)l]

Soon the Iberian Peninsula was in Napoleon’s arms. [su:n] [DI] [aI'bI(q)rIqn]

[pI'nInsjVlq] [wPz] [In] [nq'pqVlIqnz] [Q:mz]

It became a bridgehead on the Continent for the British. [It] [bI'keIm] [q] ['brIdZhed]

[Pn] [Dq] ['kPntInqnt] [fL] [Dq] ['brItIS]

Napoleon's prestige wanted the sensational blows to Britain. [nq'pqVlIqnz] [pre'sti:Z]

['wPntId] [Dq] [sen'seIS(q)nql] [blqVz] [tu:] ['brItn]

At the Congress of Erfurt Napoleon asked Alexander I of help. [xt] [Dq] ['kPngres]

[Pv] [erfHt] [nq'pqVlIqn] [Q:skd] ["xlIg'zxndq] [Dq] [fWst] [Pv] [help]

Alexander I was Russian tsar. ["xlIg'zxndq] [Dq] [fWst] [wPz] ['rAS(q)n] [zQ:] It was on September—October 1808. [It] [wPz] [Pn] [sep'tembq] [Pk'tqVbq] [eI'ti:n] [eIt]

Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова. Задание 2. Перевести текст. Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.

Второй уровень

1. Napoleon could no longer think of invading England.

2. He tried to induce capitulation by stifling the British economy.

3. By closing all of Europe to British merchandise.

4. He hoped to bring about a revolt of the British unemployed that could force the gov ernment to sue for peace.

5. He forbade all trade with the British Isles.

6. He ordered the confiscation of all goods coming from English factories or from the British colonies.

7. He condemned as fair prize not only every British ship but also every ship that had touched the coasts of England or its colonies.

8. For the blockade to succeed, it had to be enforced rigorously throughout Europe.

9. From the beginning, England’s old ally Portugal showed itself reluctant to comply.

10. For the blockade would mean its commercial ruin.

Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:

277

Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов

By closing all of ___________________________________________________ He hoped to bring about a revolt of the British unemployed that could ____________ He forbade all trade with _______________________________________________ He ordered the confiscation of all goods coming from _________________________ He condemned as fair prize not only every British ship but also every ship that

______________________________________________________________

For the blockade to succeed, it had to _____________________________________ From the beginning, England’s old ally ____________________________________ For the blockade would _______________________________________________

Третий уровень

1. As Napoleon could no longer think of invading England, he tried to induce capitu lation by stifling the British economy. By closing all of Europe to British merchan dise, he hoped to bring about a revolt of the British unemployed that could force the government to sue for peace. He forbade all trade with the British Isles, ordered the confiscation of all goods coming from English factories or from the British col onies, and condemned as fair prize not only every British ship but also every ship that had touched the coasts of England or its colonies.

2. For the blockade to succeed, it had to be enforced rigorously throughout Europe. But from the beginning, England’s old ally Portugal showed itself reluctant to comply, for the blockade would mean its commercial ruin. Napoleon decided to break down Portuguese opposition by force. Charles IV of Spain let the French troops cross his kingdom, and they occupied Lisbon; but the prolonged presence of Napoleon’s soldiers in the north of Spain led to insurrection. When Charles IV abdicated in favour of his son Ferdinand VII, Napoleon, seeing the opportunity to rid Europe of its last Bourbon rulers, summoned the Spanish royal family to Bayonne in April 1808 and obtained the abdication of both Charles and Ferdinand; they were interned in Talleyrand’s chateau. After the bloody sup pression of an uprising in Madrid, insurrection spread across the whole country, for the Spaniards would not accept Joseph Bonaparte, king of Naples, as their new king.

3. The subsequent defeat of his forces in Spain and Portugal were sensational blows to Napoleon’s prestige. Soon the Iberian Peninsula, up in arms, became a bridge head on the Continent for the British. Under the energetic Arthur Wellesley (later

duke of Wellington), in command from 1809, the AngloSpanishPortuguese

forces were to achieve decisive successes.

4. At the Congress of Erfurt (SeptemberOctober 1808), a conference with Alexander I, Napoleon assembled a great concourse of princes to impress the Russian emper or in an attempt to extract promises of help. Whether impressed or not, Alexander would make no definite commitment. Alexander’s refusal, furthermore, was partly prompted by Talleyrand, who had become dismayed by Napoleon’s policies and was already negotiating with the Russian emperor behind his master’s back.

5. By early 1809, however, with most of the Grande Armee thrown into Spain, Napoleon seemed on the point of overcoming the revolt. Then, in April, Austria launched an at tack in Bavaria in the hope of rousing all Germany against the French. Napoleon once again defeated the Habsburgs (July 6) and by the Treaty of Schznbrunn (October 14,

1809) obtained the Illyrian Provinces, thus rounding out the continental system.

Задание 5.

A. Пересскажите текст. This text is about …

5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения: Throughout Europe – через Европу

278

Тема 3. Основной курс

could no longer think the British Isles – Вританские острова

5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:

all goods coming it had to be enforced – to have to (to

ought to)

to induce capitulation by stifling the British economy By closing to British merchandise to bring about a revolt of to sue for peace all trade with the British Isles the confiscation

of all goods from the British colonies as fair prize the coasts of England its colonies For the blockade to succeed to be enforced rigorously throughout Europe From the beginning to comply commercial ruin

Unit 22. Consolidation of empire

Схема простого предложения

Схема простого распространенного предложения. Подлежащее сказуемое определение дополнение обстоятельство My friend studies interesting subjects in the institute.

Проверочные тесты

Каким членом предложения являются выделенные слова:

1. In 1810 Napoleon’s fortunes were at their zenith, despite some failures in Spain and Portugal.