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Тема 3. Основной курс
Unit 41. Whig Party
Взаимные местоимения
Взаимные местоимения
eaсh other
one another
(друг друга)
They help each other.Они помогают друг другу.
Contracts and agreements differ from one another only in the relative number of free
parts.Контракты и соглашения отличаются друг от друга лишь относительным чис
лом свободных частей.
Проверочные тесты
Какое местоимение выделено шрифтом:
1. Whig Party, in U.S. history was one of major political party.
— личное
— взаимное
— вопросительное
— нет правильных ответов
2. The active period was in another year.
— личное
— взаимное
— вопросительное
— нет правильных ответов
3. That espoused a lot of.
— личное
— взаимное
— нет правильных ответов
— вопросительное
4. It foundered on the rising tide of sectional antagonism.
— личное
— взаимное
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
5. The Whig Party was formally organized in 1834, bringing together a loose coalition
of groups united in their opposition to what party members viewed as the executive
tyranny of «King Andrew» Jackson.
— отрицательное
— притяжательное
— личное
— взаимное
6. They differ from one another.
— отрицательное
— притяжательное
— личное
— взаимное
7. By 1854 most northern Whigs had joined they formed Republican Party.
— отрицательное
— притяжательное
— личное
371
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
— взаимное
8. To the extent that the Party continued to exist, it commanded support only in the bor
der states and from conservatives who refused to take sides in the sectional conflict.
— отрицательное
— притяжательное
— относительное
— взаимное
9. Many of the last remaining Whigs found a niche in the KnowNothing Party during
the second half of the 1850s.
— личное
— взаимное
— вопросительное
— нет правильных ответов
10. Then they backed the Constitutional Union Party as the country split apart in 1860.
— личное
— взаимное
— отрицательное
— притяжательное
Правильные ответы
12345678910
4431343341
Комментарии к тексту
Виги (Whigs), буржуазная политическая партия в США (183454). Она объеди
няла промышленников Севера, а также плантаторов Юга, часть фермеров. Виги
дважды (1840, 1848) побеждали на президентских выборах, а к 1854 году распались
на Республиканскую и Демократическую партии.
Первый уровень
USA had the Whig Party too. [ju:"es'eI] [hxd] [Dq] [wIg] ['pQ:tI] [tu:]
The Whig Party was formally organised in 1834. [Dq] [wIg] ['pQ:tI] [wPz] ['fO:mqlI]
['O:gqnaIzd] [In] [eI'ti:n] ['TE:tI] [fO:]
It was the executive tyranny of "King Andrew" Jackson. [It] [wPz] [DI] [Ig'zekjVtIv]
['tIrqnI] [Pv] [kIN] ['xndru:] ['dZxks(q)n]
They borrowed the name Whig from the British party. [DeI] ['bPrqVd] [Dq] [neIm] [wIg]
[frPm] [Dq] ['brItIS] ['pQ:tI]
They do not like the royal prerogatives. [DeI] [du:] [nPt] [laIk] [Dq] ['rOIql] [prI'rPgqtIvz]
The Whigs never developed a definitive party program. [Dq] [wIgz] ['nevq] [dI'velqpt]
[q] [dI'fInItIv] ['pQ:tI] ['prqVgrxm]
The Whigs called themselves the AntiMasonic Party in the mid1830s. [Dq] [wIgz]
[kO:ld] [Dqm'selvz] [DI] ["xnti: mq'sPnIk] ['pQ:tI] [In] [Dq] [mId] [eI'ti:n] ['TE:tITs]
In 1840, the Whigs were poised to become the nation's dominant party. [In] [eI'ti:n]
['fO:tI] [Dq] [wIgz] [wE:] [pOIzd] [tu:] [bI'kAm] [Dq] ['neIS(q)nz] ['dPmInqnt] ['pQ:tI]
The main idea was Henry Clay's nationalistic program. [Dq] [meIn] [aI'dIq] [wPz]
['henrI] [kleIz] ["nxS(q)nq'lIstIk] ['prqVgrxm]
By 1854 most northern Whigs had joined the newly formed Republican Party. [baI]
[eI'ti:n] ['fIftI] [fO:] [mqVst] ['nO:Dqn] [wIgz] [hxd] [dZOInd] [Dq] ['nju:lI] [fO:md]
[rI'pAblIkqn] ['pQ:tI]
372
Тема 3. Основной курс
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень.
1. Whig Party, in U.S. history was the major political party.
2. The active period was in 183454.
3. That espoused a program of national development.
4. It foundered on the rising tide of sectional antagonism.
5. The Whig Party was formally organised in 1834, bringing together a loose coalition
of groups united in their opposition to what party members viewed as the executive
tyranny of «King Andrew» Jackson.
6. They borrowed the name Whig from the British party opposed to royal prerogatives.
7. By 1854 most northern Whigs had joined the newly formed Republican Party.
8. To the extent that the party continued to exist, it commanded support only in the bor
der states and from conservatives who refused to take sides in the sectional conflict.
9. Many of the last remaining Whigs found a niche in the KnowNothing Party dur
ing the second half of the 1850s.
10. Then they backed the Constitutional Union Party as the country split apart in 1860.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
Whig Party, in U.S. history ____________________________________________
The active period ____________________________________________________
That espoused a ____________________________________________________
It foundered on ____________________________________________________
The Whig Party was __________________________________________________
They borrowed the name Whig from _____________________________________
By 1854 most northern Whigs ___________________________________________
To the extent that the party continued to exist, it commanded support only in the
border states and ______________________________________________________
Many of the last remaining Whigs found a niche in ___________________________
Then they backed the ________________________________________________
Третий уровень
1. Whig Party, in U.S. history, major political party active in the period 183454 that
espoused a program of national development but foundered on the rising tide of sec
tional antagonism. The Whig Party was formally organized in 1834, bringing together
a loose coalition of groups united in their opposition to what party members viewed
as the executive tyranny of «King Andrew» Jackson. They borrowed the name Whig
from the British party opposed to royal prerogatives.
2. Jackson had shattered the National Republican Party with his victories in 1828 and
373
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
1832. His war against the Second Bank of the United States and his opposition to nul
lification in South Carolina, however, allowed Henry Clay to bring fiscal conserva
tives and southern states’ rights proponents together in a coalition with those who still
believed in the National Republican program of a protective tariff and federally fi
nanced internal improvements. Members of the AntiMasonic Movement (q.v.)
merged with the Whigs after the demise of the AntiMasonic Party in the mid1830s.
3. Allied almost exclusively by their common dislike of Jackson and his policies—and
later by their hunger for office — the Whigs never developed a definitive party pro
gram. In 1836 they ran three presidential candidates (Daniel Webster, Hugh L.
White, and William Henry Harrison) to appeal to the East, South, and West, re
spectively, attempting to throw the election into the House of Representatives. In
1840 they abandoned the sectional approach to nominate the military hero William
Henry Harrison. The subsequent contest was devoid of issues, Harrison winning on
the basis of incessant electioneering by his supporters in the «log cabin» campaign.
4. After capturing both the White House and Congress in 1840, the Whigs were poised
to become the nation’s dominant party and to enact Henry Clay’s nationalistic pro
gram. Harrison died within a month of his inauguration, however, and his succes
sor, John Tyler, proceeded to veto major Whig legislation — including recreation
of the Bank of the United States.
5. Clay, the nominee in 1844, lost the election when he misgauged the popularity of
expansionism and opposed the annexation of Texas. By the late 1840s the Whig co
alition was beginning to unravel as factions of «Conscience» (antislavery) Whigs and
«Cotton» (proslavery) Whigs emerged. In 1848 the party returned to its winning for
mula by running a military hero — this time Zachary Taylor — for president. But
the Compromise of 1850, fashioned by Henry Clay and signed into law by Millard
Fillmore (who succeeded to the presidency on Taylor’s death in 1850), fatally es
tranged the Conscience Whigs from their party.
6. Again turning to a former general, the Whigs in 1852 nominated Gen. Winfield
Scott. The North and South had become so polarised over the slavery issue that the
Whigs were no longer able to make a broad national appeal on the basis of «unal
terable attachment to the Constitution and the Union.» Scott collected just 42 elec
toral votes as many southern Whigs flocked to the banner of the states’ rights ori
ented Democratic Party.
7. By 1854 most northern Whigs had joined the newly formed Republican Party. To
the extent that the party continued to exist, it commanded support only in the bor
der states and from conservatives who refused to take sides in the sectional conflict.
Many of the last remaining Whigs found a niche in the KnowNothing Party dur
ing the second half of the 1850s and then backed the Constitutional Union Party as
the country split apart in 1860.
Задание 5
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
U.S. – Соединенные Штаты Америки
The Whig Party – партия вигов
the newly formed Republican Party – только что образованная республиканская партия
the second half of the 1850s – вторая половина пятидесятых годов
the Constitutional Union Party – Конституционный союз, политическая партия
в США (19 в.)
374
Тема 3. Основной курс
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
history
the major political party
The active period
a program
of national development
the rising tide
of sectional antagonism
to be formally organised
a loose coalition of groups
opposition
party members
as the executive tyranny
the British party
to royal prerogatives
most northern Whigs
the newly formed Republican Party
To the extent
the party
to exist
in the border states
to refuse to take sides
the sectional conflict
Many of
the last remaining Whigs
during the second half of
the Constitutional Union Party
the country split
apart
Unit 41. Anne (170214)
Указательные местоимения
Указательные местоимения: this — этот, эта, это, these — эти,that тот, та, то those— те.
Местоимения this, these указывают на предметы, находящиеся в непосредствен
ной близости к говорящему, а местоимения that, those указывают на более отда
ленные предметы.
This is my book and that is his.Это — моя книга, а та — его.
К указательным местоимениям относятся также: (the) same — такой же; тот же
самый; одинаковый such — такой.
The same method was used in both cases.В обоих случаях был применен один и
тот жe метод.
Проверочные тесты
Определите тип местоимений:
1. This
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
2. My
— вопросительное
— притяжательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
3. We
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
4. So
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
5. That
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
6. These
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
7. Those
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
375
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
— нет правильных ответов
8. The same
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
9. Such
— вопросительное
Правильные ответы
12345678910
3244333334
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
10. Him
— вопросительное
— отрицательное
— указательное
— нет правильных ответов
Комментарии к тексту
Анна Стюарт (16651714), английская королева с 1702 года, последняя из ди
настии Стюартов.
Первый уровень
Queen Anne lived in 170214. [kwi:n] [xn] [laIvd] [In] ["sev(q)n'ti:n] [tu:] ["fO:'ti:n]
She was a daughter of James II. [Si:] [wPz] [q] ['dO:tq] [Pv] [dZeImz] [Dq] ['sekqnd]
She called as the last of the Stuarts. [Si:] [kO:ld] [xz] [Dq] [lQ:st] [Pv] [Dq] ['stjVqts]
She inherited a nation that was bitterly divided politically. [Si:] [In'herItId] [q]
['neIS(q)n] [Dxt] [wPz] ['bItqlI] [dI'vaIdId] [pq'lItIk(q)lI]
She detested the party divisions. [Si:] [dI'testId] [Dq] ['pQ:tI] [dI'vIZ(q)nz]
She thought that now dominated central politics. [Si:] [TO:t] [Dxt] [naV] ['dPmIneItId]
['sentrql] ['pPlItIks]
She did all she could to avoid being controlled by political parties. [Si:] [dId] [O:l] [Si:]
[kVd] [tu:] [q'vOId] ['bi:IN] [kqn'trqVld] [baI] [pq'lItIk(q)l] ['pQ:tIz]
There were Whigs or Tories. [Deq] [wE:] [wIgs] [O:] ['tO:rIz]
She had weak eyesight. [Si:] [hxd] [wi:k] ['aIsaIt]
She had not a good health. [Si:] [hxd] [nPt] [q] [gVd] [helT]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Третий уровень
1. United Kingdom. ANNE (170214). Queen Anne, daughter of James II and the last
of the Stuarts, inherited a nation that was bitterly divided politically. Her weak eye
sight and indifferent health forced her to rely more upon her ministers than any of
her predecessors, but she was no less effective for that.
2. Anne had decided views about people and policies, and these did much to shape
her reign. She detested the party divisions that now dominated central politics and
did all she could to avoid being controlled by either Whigs or Tories. While she only
briefly achieved her ideal of a nonpartisan ministry, Anne did much to disappoint
the ambitions of nearly all party leaders.
Задание 4.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
376
Тема 3. Основной курс
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
people and policies
to shape
the reign
the party divisions
central politics
to avoid being controlled
Whigs or Tories
While
ideal
of a nonpartisan ministry
to disappoint
the ambitions
nearly
all party leaders
Unit 42. Whigs and Tories.
Неопределенные местоимения some, any, every, no и способы их перевода
Местоимение some
Это местоимение употребляется в утвердительных предложениях. Some перед
именем существительным во множественном числе переводится «несколько»;
some of переводится «некоторые из».
He asked me some questions. Он задал мне несколько вопросов.
Some of the students went to the museum.Некоторые из студентов пошли в музей.
Sоme перед именем существительным неисчисляемым (в единственном числе)
означает «некоторое количество, часть» и при переводе обычно опускается; «some
of» переводится «часть, некоторая часть».
Give me some water to drink. Дайте мне попить воды.
«Any» в вопросительных предложениях переводится «какойто», «какойни
будь» или опускается:
Have you any English book? Есть ли у вас какаянибудь английская книга?
Have you any money about you? У вас есть при себе деньги?
В условняк предложениях any имеет значение «какойлибо»:
If there are any new data I shall use them in my report. Если есть какиелибо но
вые данные, я использую их в моем докладе.
В отрицательное предложениях местоимение any (вместе с частицей not ) пе
реводится — никакой или опускается:
I have not any diotlonary. У меня нет (никакого) словаря.
Местоимение every переводится «каждый, всякий, все»:
We have six lessons every day. У нас бывает по шесть уроков каждый день.
Every man knows the main laws of motion. Каждый человек знает основные за
коны движения.
Местоимение no
Местоимение «no» всегда употребляется в сочетании с именем существительным
и означает «никакой, ни один». Это отрицательное местоимение может относить
ся к любому члену предложения. В переводе отрицание «никакой» иногда опуска
ется, но при глаголе — сказуемом обязательно должна быть отрицательная частица
«не». Nо man joined them. Ни один человек не присоединился к ним.
Сказуемое, выраженное глаголом to have или оборотом there is (are) в сочета
нии с местоимением no переводится «нет». I have no wish to go there.У меня нет
желания идти туда.
Not — отрицательная частица «не» ставится только после вспомогательных гла
голов.
377
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Проверочные тесты
Какое местоимение можно поставить в предложение:
1. The most significant development in political life over the last quarter century had
been the growth of clearly defined and ___________opposing parties, which had
taken the opprobrious titles Whigs (Scottish horse thieves) and Tories (Irish cattle
rustlers).
— some
— any
— every
—no
2. Parties had first formed during the exclusion crisis of 1679—81, but it was the Tri
ennial Act (1694) that intentionally gave life to party conflict.
— some
— any
— every
—no
3. _________ general elections were held between 1695 and 1713, and these provid
ed the structure whereby party issues and party leaders were pushed to the fore.
— some
— any
— every
—no
4. Though party discipline was still in its infancy and ideology was a novel aspect of
politics, clearly recognisable political parties had emerged by the end of the reign
of William III.
— some
— any
— every
—no
5. In general, _______ Tories stood for the Anglican church, the land, and the prin
ciple of passive obedience.
— some
— any
— every
—no
6. They remained divided over the impending _________ Hanoverian succession, wist
fully dreaming that James III might convert to Protestantism so that the sanctity of
the legitimate succession could be reaffirmed.
— some
— any
— every
—no
7. From _____ country houses the Tories opposed an expensive land war and favoured
the «blue sea» strategy of dominating the Atlantic and Mediterranean shipping lanes.
— some
— any
— every
—no
8. ______ leaders had a selfdestructive streak. Only Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford,
was a politician of the first rank, and he always shrank from being labelled a Tory.
378
Тема 3. Основной курс
— some
— any
— every
—no
9. The Tories generally had a majority in the Commons and a friend on the throne,
but ______ rarely attained power.
— some
— any
— every
—no
10. The Whigs were blessed with brilliant leadership and an inexhaustible supply of
_____ luck.
— some
— any
— every
—no
Правильные ответы
12345678910
1411141112
Комментарии к тексту
Виги (Whigs) — английская политическая партия. Возникла в начале 80х гг. XVII
века как группировка, не желающая восстановления королевского абсолютизма.
Добивались верховенства парламента. После государственного переворота
(168889) был принят «Билль о правах», резко ограничивавший власть короля. Сре
ди лидеров вигов наиболее известные — Р. Уолпол, У. Питт Старший, Ч. Факс.
В середине XIX века партия вигов, выражавшая интересы буржуазии, объеди
нила с другими политическими группами, образовав Либеральную партию Вели
кобритании.
Тори (англ. Tory; слово ирландского происхождения) — английская политичес
кая партия в XVIIXIX веках. Возникла как группировка сторонников абсолютиз
ма. Начиная с 20х гг. XVIII века лидеры тори перестроили партию с учетом но
вых условий. Это обеспечило тори положение одной из двух (наряду с вигами) ве
дущих партий в английской двухпартийной системе. С середине XVIII века тори
окончательно оформились как партия, выражающая интересы земельной аристок
ратии и высшего духовенства англиканской церкви. С 80х годов XVIII века до 1830
года тори постоянно чередовалась с партией вигов.
В середине XIX века тори испытали серьёзную трансформацию и на ее основе
сложилась Консервативная партия Великобритании, за сторонниками которой в
неофициальном обиходе сохранилось название «тори».
Первый уровень
There were two main political parties in Britain. [Deq] [wE:] [tu:] [meIn] [pq'lItIk(q)l]
[pQ:'ti:z] [In] ['brItn]
There were the Whigs and the Tories. [Deq] [wE:] [Dq] [wIgz] [xnd] [Dq] ['tO:rIz]
The Whigs called Scottish horse thieves. [Dq] [wIgz] [kO:ld] ['skPtIS] [hO:s] [Ti:vz]
The Tories called Irish cattle rustlers. [Dq] ['tO:rIz] [kO:ld] ['aI(q)rIS] ['kxtl] ['rAslqz]
Parties had first formed during the exclusion crisis of 167981. [pQ:'ti:s] [hxd] [fE:st]
[fO:md] ['djVqrIN] [Dq] [Ik'sklu:Z(q)n] ['kraIsIs] [Pv] ["sIk'sti:n] ['sev(q)ntI] [naIn] [eI'tI] [wAn]
379
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
The Whigs were blessed with brilliant leadership. [Dq] [wIgz] [wE:] ['blest] [wID]
['brIlIqnt] ['li:dqSIp]
John Churchill was the outstanding military figure of his day. [dZPn] ['tSE:tSIl] [wPz]
[DI] [aVt'stxndIN] ['mIlIt(q)rI] ['fIgq] [Pv] [hIz] [deI]
He was the duke of Marlborough. [hi:] [wPz] [Dq] [dju:k] [Pv] ['mQ:lb(q)rq]
The Tory are politicians of the first rank. [Dq] ['tO:rI] [Q:] ["pPlI'tIS(q)nz] [Pv] [Dq] [fE:st] [rxNk]
Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford, was the most famous Tory. ['rPbqt] ['hQ:lqI] [E:l] [Pv]
['Pksfqd] [wPz] [Dq] [mqVst] ['feImqs] ['tO:rI]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень
1. The most significant development in political life over the last quarter century had
been the growth of clearly defined and opposing parties.
2. It had taken the opprobrious titles Whigs (Scottish horse thieves) and Tories (Irish
cattle rustlers).
3. Parties had first formed during the exclusion crisis of 167981.
4. But it was the Triennial Act (1694) that unintentionally gave life to party conflict.
5. Nine general elections were held between 1695 and 1713, and these provided the
structure whereby party issues and party leaders were pushed to the fore.
6. Though party discipline was still in its infancy and ideology was a novel aspect of
politics, clearly recognisable political parties had emerged by the end of the reign
of William III.
7. In general, the Tories stood for the Anglican church, the land, and the principle of
passive obedience.
8. They remained divided over the impending Hanoverian succession, wistfully dream
ing that James III might convert to Protestantism so that the sanctity of the legiti
mate succession could be reaffirmed.
9. From their country houses the Tories opposed an expensive land war and favoured
the «blue sea» strategy of dominating the Atlantic and Mediterranean shipping lanes.
10. The Tories generally had a majority in the Commons and a friend on the throne,
but they rarely attained power.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
The most significant development in political life ___________________________
It had taken the opprobrious titles _______________________________________
Parties had first formed during _________________________________________
But it was the Triennial Act (1694) that ___________________________________
Nine general elections were held between 1695 and 1713, and these provided the
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