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Тема 3. Основной курс
— собирательное
— дробное
7. When Wolsey fell from power, having failed in his foreign policy and in his efforts
to procure the annulment of the king’s marriage to Catherine, More succeeded him
as lord chancellor on Oct. 26, 1529.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
8. On Nov. 3, 1529, More opened the Parliament that was later to forge the legal in
struments for his death. As the king’s mouthpiece.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
9. More indicted Wolsey in his opening speech and, in 1531, proclaimed the opinions
of universities favourable to the divorce.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
10. More’s longest book, The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, in two volumes (1532
and 1533), centres on «what the church is.»
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
Правильные ответы
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Комментарии к тексту
Томас Мор (7.2.1478 — 6.7.1535) родился и умер в Лондоне. Его чтут и помнят
больше в России, хотя и в Англии к его личности не утихает интерес. Это выдаю
щийся английский гуманист, государственный деятель и до сих пор популярный
писатель. В России более известен как основопожник утопического социализма.
Он был сыном судейского чиновника, в 14961501 изучал английское обычное пра
во при юридической корпорации Lincoln’s Inc. Занимался (1492—94) в Оксфорд
ском университете. Был знаком с гуманистами (оксфордскими реформаторами) —
Дж. Колетом, У. Гросином. В конце 90х годов познакомился с Эразмом Роттер
дамским, который как и Колет стал затем одним из его ближайших друзей.
Первый уровень
Sir Thomas More was the famous humanist. [sE:] ['tPmqs] [mO:] [wPz] [Dq] ['feImqs]
['hju:mqnIst]
He was a clever statesman. [hi:] [wPz] [q] ['klevq] ['steItsmqn]
In 1529 1532 he was a chancellor of England. [In] [fIf'ti:n] ['twentI] [naIn] [fIf'ti:n]
['TE:tI] [tu:] [hi:] [wPz] [q] ['tSQ:ns(q)lq] [Pv] ['INglqnd]
He was born Feb. 7, 1477 in London. [hi:] [wPz] [bO:n] ['febrV(q)rI] ['sev(q)n] ["fO:'ti:n]
['sev(q)ntI] ['sev(q)n] [In] ['lAndqn]
341
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
He died July 6, 1535 in London too. [hi:] [daId] [dZV'laI] [sIks] [fIf'ti:n] ['TE:tI] [faIv]
[In] ['lAndqn] [tu:]
He was canonized May 19, 1935. [hi:] [wPz] ['kxnqnaIzd] [fIf'ti:n] ['TE:tI] [faIv]
The feast day is June 22. [Dq] [fi:st] [deI] [Iz] [dZu:n] ['twentI] [tu:]
More had written the History of King Richard III in Latin and then in English. [mO:] [hxd]
['rItn] [Dq] ['hIst(q)rI] [Pv] [kIN] ['rItSqd] [Dq] [TE:d] [In] ['lxtIn] [xnd] [Den] [In] ['INglIS]
It is the first masterpiece of English historiography. [It] [Iz] [Dq] [fE:st] ['mQ:stqpi:s]
[Pv] ['INglIS] ["hIstPrI'PgrqfI]
He is recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic church. [hi:] [Iz] ['rekqgnaIzd] [xz]
[q] [seInt] [baI] [Dq] ['rqVmqn] ['kxT(q)lIk] [tSE:tS]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень
1. Sir Thomas More was canonised on May 19, 1935
2. He is recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic church.
3. He was humanist and statesman, chancellor of England (152932)
4. He was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as head of the Church of
England.
5. In late 1504 or early 1505, More married Joan Colt, the eldest daughter of an Essex
gentleman farmer.
6. He published his Utopia at Louvain in December 1516.
7. The book was an immediate success with the audience for which More wrote it: the
Humanists and an elite group of public officials.
8. Utopia is a Greek name of More’s coining.
9. It is from outopos («no place»); a pun on eutopos («good place»).
10. More’s Utopia describes a pagan and communist citystate in which the institutions
and policies are entirely governed by reason.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
Sir Thomas More was _______________________________________________
He is recognised as a saint by ___________________________________________
He was humanist and _________________________________________________
He was beheaded for refusing to _________________________________________
In late 1504 or early 1505, More married Joan Colt, the _______________________
He published his ____________________________________________________
The book was an immediate success with the audience for which ________________
Utopia is a Greek ____________________________________________________
It is from outopos __________________________________________________
342
Тема 3. Основной курс
More’s Utopia describes a pagan and communist citystate in which _____________
Третий уровень
1. Sir Thomas More (b. Feb. 7, 1477, London, Eng.— d. July 6, 1535, London; can
onised May 19, 1935; feast day June 22), humanist and statesman, chancellor of
England (152932), who was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as
head of the Church of England. He is recognised as a saint by the Roman Catholic
church.
2. Early life and career. Thomas — the eldest son of John More, a lawyer who was lat
er knighted and made a judge of the King’s Bench — was educated at one of Lon
don’s best schools, St. Anthony’s in Threadneedle Street, and in the household of
John Morton, archbishop of Canterbury and chancellor of England. The future car
dinal, a shrewd judge of character, predicted that the bright and winsome page would
prove a «marvellous man.» His interest sent the boy to the University of Oxford,
where More seems to have spent two years, mastering Latin and undergoing a thor
ough drilling in formal logic.
3. About 1494 his father brought More back to London to study the common law. In
February 1496 he was admitted to Lincoln’s Inn, one of the four legal societies pre
paring for admission to the bar. In 1501 More became an «utter barrister,» a full
member of the profession. Thanks to his boundless curiosity and a prodigious ca
pacity for work, he managed, along with the law, to keep up his literary pursuits.
He read avidly from Holy Scripture, the Church Fathers, and the classics and tried
his hand at all literary genres.
4. Although bowing to his father’s decision that he should become a lawyer, More was
prepared to be disowned rather than disobey God’s will. To test his vocation to the
priesthood, he resided for about four years in the Carthusian monastery adjoining
Lincoln’s Inn and shared as much of the monks’ way of life as was practicable. Al
though attracted especially to the Franciscan order, More decided that he would
best serve God and his fellowmen as a lay Christian. More, however, never discard
ed the habits of early rising, prolonged prayer, fasting, and wearing the hair shirt.
God remained the centre of his life.
5. In late 1504 or early 1505, More married Joan Colt, the eldest daughter of an Essex
gentleman farmer. She was a competent hostess for nonEnglish visitors, such as
the Dutch Humanist Desiderius Erasmus, who was given permanent rooms in the
Old Barge on the Thames side in Bucklersbury in the City of London, More’s home
for the first two decades of his married life. Erasmus wrote his Praise of Folly while
staying there.
6. The important negotiations More conducted in 1509 on behalf of a number of Lon
don companies with the representative of the Antwerp merchants confirmed his
competence in trade matters and his gifts as an interpreter and spokesman. From
September 1510 to July 1518, when he resigned to be fully in the king’s service, More
was one of the two undersheriffs of London, «the packhorses of the City govern
ment.» He endeared himself to the Londoners — as an impartial judge, a disinter
ested consultant, and «the general patron of the poor.»
7. More’s domestic idyll came to a brutal end in the summer of 1511 with the death,
perhaps in childbirth, of his wife. He was left a widower with four children, and with
in weeks of his first wife’s death, he married Alice Middleton, the widow of a Lon
don mercer. She was several years his senior and had a daughter of her own; she did
not bear More any children.
8. More’s History of King Richard III, written in Latin and in English between about
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Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
1513 and 1518, is the first masterpiece of English historiography. Though never fin
ished, it influenced succeeding historians. William Shakespeare is indebted to More
for his portrait of the tyrant.
9. The «Utopia.» In May 1515 More was appointed to a delegation to revise an Anglo
Flemish commercial treaty. The conference was held at Brugge, with long intervals
that More used to visit other Belgian cities. He began in the Low Countries and com
pleted after his return to London his Utopia, which was published at Louvain in De
cember 1516. The book was an immediate success with the audience for which More
wrote it: the Humanists and an elite group of public officials.
10. Utopia is a Greek name of More’s coining, from outopos («no place»); a pun on
eutopos («good place») is suggested in a prefatory poem. More’s Utopia describes
a pagan and communist citystate in which the institutions and policies are entirely
governed by reason. The order and dignity of such a state provided a notable con
trast with the unreasonable polity of Christian Europe, divided by selfinterest and
greed for power and riches, which More described in book i, written in England in
1516. The description of Utopia is put in the mouth of a mysterious traveller, Rap
hael Hythloday, in support of his argument that communism is the only cure against
egoism in private and public life. Through dialogue More speaks in favour of the
mitigation of evil rather than its cure, human nature being fallible.
11. Among the topics discussed by More in Utopia were penology, statecontrolled ed
ucation, religious pluralism, divorce, euthanasia, and women’s rights. The result
ing demonstration of his learning, invention, and wit established his reputation as
one of the foremost Humanists. Soon translated into most European languages,
Utopia became the ancestor of a new literary genre, the Utopian romance.
12.
Career as king’s servant. On May 1, 1517, a mob of London apprentices attacked
foreign merchants in the city. More’s role in quenching this EvilMayday riot in
spired a scene, attributed to Shakespeare, in Sir Thomas More, a composite Eliza
bethan play. More’s success in the thorny negotiations with the French at Calais
and Boulogne (September to December 1517) over suits born of the recent war made
it harder for him to dodge royal service. That year he became a member of the king’s
council and from October was known as master of requests. He resigned his City
office in 1518. While yielding to pressure, he embraced the chance of furthering
peace and reform. The lord chancellor, Thomas Wolsey, now looked ready to im
plement some of the political ideas of the Christian Humanists.
13. Between 1515 and 1520 More campaigned spiritedly for Erasmus’ religious and cul
tural program — Greek studies as the key to a theology renewed by a return to the
Bible and the Church Fathers — in poems commending Erasmus’ New Testament.
More’s Latin poems were published in 1518 under one cover between his Utopia
and Erasmus’ Epigrammata; they are extremely varied in metre and matter, their
main topics being government, women, and death.
14. Erasmus offered his London friend as a model for the intelligentsia of Europe in let
ters to the German Humanist Ulrich von Hutten (1519); the Paris scholar Germain
de Brie (1520), with whom More had just engaged in a polemic; and Guillaume Bud,
whom More had met in June 1520 at the Field of Cloth of Gold, the meeting ground,
near Calais, between Henry VIII and Francis I. According to Erasmus, simplicity was
More’s mark in food and dress. He shrank from nothing that imparted an innocent
pleasure, even of a bodily kind. He had a speaker’s voice and a memory that served
him well for extempore rejoinders. «Born for friendship,» he could extract delight from
the dullest people or things. His family affections were warm yet unobtrusive. He gave
freely and gladly, expecting no thanks. Amid his intense professional activity, he found
344
Тема 3. Основной курс
hours for prayer and for supervising his domestic school. Most of his charges were
girls, to whom he provided the most refined classical and Christian education.
15. In 1520 and 1521 More took part in talks, at Calais and Brugge, with the emperor
Charles V and with the Hansa merchants. In 1521 he was made undertreasurer and
knighted. His daughter Margaret married William Roper, a lawyer. For Henry VI
II’s Defence of the Seven Sacraments, More acted as «a sorter out and placer of
the principal matters.» When Martin Luther hit back, More vindicated the king in a
learned, though scurrilous, Responsio ad Lutherum (1523).
16. In addition to his routine duties at the Exchequer, More served throughout these
years as «Henry’s intellectual courtier,» secretary, and confidant. He welcomed for
eign envoys, delivered official speeches, drafted treaties, read the dispatches ex
changed between the king and Wolsey, and answered in the king’s name. Often he
rode posthaste between the cardinal’s headquarters at Westminster and Henry’s var
ious hunting residences. In April 1523 More was elected speaker of the House of
Commons; while loyally striving to secure the government’s ends, he made a plea
for truer freedom of speech in Parliament. The universities — Oxford in 1524, Cam
bridge in 1525 — made him their high steward.
17. By 1524 More had moved to Chelsea. The Great House he built there bore the stamp
of his philosophy, its gallery, chapel, and library all geared toward studious and prayer
ful seclusion. In 1525 he was promoted to chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster, which
put a large portion of northern England under his judiciary and administrative control.
18. On More’s return from an embassy to France in the summer of 1527, Henry VIII
«laid the Bible open before him» as proof that his marriage to Catherine of Aragon,
who had failed to produce a male heir, was void, even incestuous, because of her
previous marriage to Henry’s late brother. More tried in vain to share the king’s scru
ples, but long study confirmed his view that Catherine was the king’s true wife. Af
ter being commissioned in March 1528 by Bishop Tunstall of London to read all
heretical writings in the English language in order to refute them for the sake of the
unlearned, he published seven books of polemics between 1529 and 1533 — the first
and best being A Dialogue Concerning Heresies.
19. Years as chancellor of England. Together with Tunstall, More attended the con
gress of Cambrai at which peace was made between France and the Holy Roman
Empire in 1529. Though the Treaty of Cambrai represented a rebuff to England and,
more particularly, a devastating reverse for Cardinal Wolsey’s policies, More man
aged to secure the inclusion of his country in the treaty and the settlement of mu
tual debts. When Wolsey fell from power, having failed in his foreign policy and in
his efforts to procure the annulment of the king’s marriage to Catherine, More suc
ceeded him as lord chancellor on Oct. 26, 1529.
20. On Nov. 3, 1529, More opened the Parliament that was later to forge the legal in
struments for his death. As the king’s mouthpiece, More indicted Wolsey in his
opening speech and, in 1531, proclaimed the opinions of universities favourable to
the divorce; but he did not sign the letter of 1530 in which England’s nobles and
prelates, including Wolsey, pressured the pope to declare the first marriage void, and
he tried to resign in 1531, when the clergy acknowledged the king as their supreme
head, albeit with the clause «as far as the law of Christ allows.»
21. More’s longest book, The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, in two volumes (1532
and 1533), centres on «what the church is.» To the stress of stooping for hours over
his manuscript More ascribed the sharp pain in his chest, perhaps angina, which he
invoked when begging Henry to free him from the yoke of office.
22. This was on May 16, 1532, the day when the governing body (synod) of the church
345
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
in England delivered to the crown the document by which they promised never to
legislate or so much as convene without royal assent, thus placing a layperson at
the head of the spiritual order.
23. More meanwhile continued his campaign for the old faith, defending England’s an
tiheresy laws and his own handling of heretics, both as magistrate and as writer, in
two books of 1533: the Apology and the Debellacyon. He also laughs away the ac
cusation of greed levelled by William Tyndale, translator of parts of the first printed
English Bible. More’s poverty was so notorious that the hierarchy collected 5,000
to recoup his polemical costs, but he refused this grant lest it be construed as a bribe.
24.
Indictment, trial, and execution. More’s refusal to attend the coronation of Anne
Boleyn, whom Henry married after his divorce from Catherine in 1533, marked him
out for vengeance. Several charges of accepting bribes recoiled on the heads of his
accusers. In February 1534 More was included in a bill of attainder for alleged com
plicity with Elizabeth Barton, who had uttered prophecies against Henry’s divorce,
but he produced a letter in which he had warned the nun against meddling in affairs
of state. He was summoned to appear before royal commissioners on April 13 to
assent under oath to the Act of Succession, which declared the king’s marriage with
Catherine void and that with Anne valid. This More was willing to do, acknowledg
ing that Anne was in fact anointed queen. But he refused the oath as then adminis
tered because it entailed a repudiation of papal supremacy. On April 17, 1534, he
was imprisoned in the Tower. More welcomed prison life. But for his family respon
sibilities, he would have chosen for himself «as strait a room and starter too,» as he
said to his daughter Margaret, who after some time took the oath and was then al
lowed to visit him. In prison, More wrote A Dialogue of Comfort against Tribula
tion, a masterpiece of Christian wisdom and of literature.
25. His trial took place on July 1, 1535. Richard Rich, the solicitor general, a creature
of Thomas Cromwell, the unacknowledged head of the government, testified that
the prisoner had, in his presence, denied the king’s title as supreme head of the
Church of England. Despite More’s scathing denial of this perjured evidence, the
jury’s unanimous verdict was «guilty.» Before the sentence was pronounced, More
spoke «in discharge of his conscience.» The unity of the church was the main mo
tive of his martyrdom. His second objection was that «no temporal man may be head
of the spirituality.» Henry’s marriage to Anne Boleyn, to which he also referred as
the cause for which they «sought his blood,» had been the occasion for the assaults
on the church: among his judges were the new queen’s father, brother, and uncle.
26. More was sentenced to the traitor’s death — «to be drawn, hanged, and quartered»
which the king changed to beheading. During five days of suspense, More prepared
his soul to meet «the great spouse» and wrote a beautiful prayer and several letters
of farewell. He walked to the scaffold on Tower Hill. «See me safe up,» he said to
the lieutenant, «and for my coming down let me shift for myself.» He told the on
lookers to witness that he was dying «in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic
Church, the king’s good servant and God’s first.» He altered the ritual by blindfolding
himself, playing «a part of his own» even on this awful stage.
27. The news of More’s death shocked Europe. Erasmus mourned the man he had so
often praised, «whose soul was more pure than any snow, whose genius was such
that England never had and never again will have its like.» The official image of More
as a traitor did not gain credence even in Protestant lands.
Задание 5.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
346
Тема 3. Основной курс
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
Chancellor – Лордканцлер – глава судебного ведомства и верховный судья Ан
глии, председатель палаты лордов и одного из отделений верховного суда
In late 1504 or early 1505 – в конце 1504 года – в начале 1505
of More's coining – сочинения Мора (coining герундий)
a pagan and communist citystate – языческое и коммунистическое городгосу
дарство
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
Sir Thomas More
To be canonised
as a saint
by the Roman Catholic church
humanist
statesman
chancellor of England
for refusing
to accept
as head of
the Church of England
In late
early
the eldest daughter of
an Essex gentleman farmer
Utopia
The book
an immediate success
the audience
the Humanists
an elite group of
public officials
a pagan and communist citystate
the institutions
policies
entirely
to govern by reason
Unit 36. Battle of Trafalgar
Хронологические даты
Хронологические даты
Года в английском языке обозначаются количественным числительным и чи
таются таким образом:
1905 — nineteen five; nineteen hundred and five;
1917 — nineteen seventeen; nineteen hundred and seventeen;
Даты обозначаются порядковыми числительными:
The school year begins on the first of September, Учебный год начинается перво
го сентября. Обычно даты пишутся сокращенно: October 22nd ; December 3181
или Oct. 22, Dec. 31.
Проверочные тесты
Выберите правильное прочтение выделенных цифр:
1. Battle of Trafalgar (Oct. 21, 1805), naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, which
established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years; it was fought west of
Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar.
— October twenty fierst
— The October twenty one
— October the twenty one
— October twenty one
2. A fleet of 33 ships (18 French and 15 Spanish) under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve
fought a British fleet of 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson.
— twenty seventh
347
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
— twentyth seven
— twenty and seven
— twenty seven
3. At the end of September 1805, Villeneuve had received orders to leave Cadiz and
land troops at Naples to support the French campaign in southern Italy.
— The September eigteen five
— September eigteen and five
— September eigteen five
— September eigteen and ou five
4. On October 19—20 his fleet slipped out of Cadiz, hoping to get into the Mediterrane
an Sea without giving battle. Nelson caught him off Cape Trafalgar on October 21.
— On October nineteenth—twenty
— On October nineteen—twenty
— On October nineteen and twenty
— On October nineteen—twentyth
5. By noon the larger squadron, led by Admiral Cuthbert Collingwood in the Royal
Sovereign, had engaged the rear (south) 16 ships of the French—Spanish line.
— six
— sixteen
— sixty
— sixteenth
6. At 11:50 AM Nelson, in the Victory, signalled his famous message: «England ex
pects that every man will do his duty.»
— eleven point fifty
— eleven fifty
— eleven point fiftyth
— eleventh point fifty
7. Then his squadron, with 12 ships, attacked the van and centre of Villeneuve’s line,
which included Villeneuve in the Bucentaure.
— two
— twelve
— twelveth
— twenty
8. Six of the leading French and Spanish ships, under Admiral Pierre Dumanoir, were
ignored in the first attack and about 3:30 PM were able to turn about to aid those
behind.
— three thirteen
— three thirty
— three thirteenth
— three point thirteen
9. Collingwood completed the destruction of the rear, and the battle ended about 5:00
PM.
— Five duble ou
— fiveth
— five
— five point ou
10. Villeneuve himself was captured, and his fleet lost 19 or 20 ships — which were sur
rendered to the British—and 14,000 men, of whom half were prisoners of war.
— forteen thousands
— forteens thousand
348
Тема 3. Основной курс
— forteen thousandth
— forteen thousand
Правильные ответы
12345678910
4431222234
Комментарии к тексту
В Лондоне есть статуя адмирала Нельсона на Трафальгарской площади. Эта
площадь была названа в честь легендарной битвы между английским и франко
испанскими флотами 21 октября 1805 года у мыса Трафальгар (Trafalgar) на Ат
лантическом побережье Испании во время войны наполеоновской Франции про
тив третьей антифранцузской коалиции.
Ход сражения примерно следующий: в августе 1805 года английская эскадра под
командованием адмирала Г. Нельсона заблокировала в Кадисе франкоиспанскую
эскадру под командованием адмирала П. Вильнёва. По приказу Наполеона 20 октября
франкоиспанская эскадра вышла в море с целью прорыва в Средиземное море.
Нельсон поручил адмиралу К. Коллингауду отрезать половину французский
кораблей в море и разбить их в отдельности. Его план удался.
Сражение длилось 5 часов 30 минут и закончилось полным разгромом фран
коиспанского флота. В этом бою был смертельно ранен Нельсон. Успех был до
стигнут благодаря новой маневренной тактике, впервые примененной русским
адмиралом Ф.Ушаковым и принятой Нельсоном. С этого времени английский
флот господствовал на море и счителся одним из мощнейших флотов в мире.
Первый уровень
Battle of Trafalgar is the battle between FrenchSpanish fleet and British fleet. ['bxtl]
[Pv] [trq'fxlgq] [Iz] [Dq] ['bxtl] [bI'twi:n] [frentS] ['spxnIS] [fli:t] [xnd] ['brItIS] [f li:t]
It is the well known naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars. [It] [Iz] [Dq] [wel] [nqVn]
['neIv(q)l] [In'geIdZmqnt] [Pv] [Dq] [nq"pqVlI'PnIk] [wO:z]
It was fought west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain. [It] [wPz] [fO:t] [west] [Pv] [keIp] [trq'fxlgq]
[speIn]
It is situated between Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. [It] [Iz] ['sItjueItId] [bI'twi:n]
[kq'dIz] [xnd] [Dq] [streIt] [Pv] [GI'brLltq]
British fleet had 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson. ['brItIS] [fli:t] [hxd] ['twentI]
['sev(q)n] [Sips] ['Andq] ['xdm(q)rql] [hP'reISIqV] ['nels(q)n]
The leader of French and Spanish ships was Admiral Pierre Dumanoir. [Dq] ['li:dq]
[Pv] [frentS] [xnd] ['spxnIS] [Sips] [wPz] ['xdm(q)rql] [pIq] ['du:mqneq]
It was happened on October 21. [It] [wPz] ['hxpqnd] [Pn] [Pk'tqVbq] ['twentI] [wAn]
At 11:50 AM Nelson had the Victory. [xt] [I'lev(q)n] ['fIftI] ["eI'em] ['nels(q)n] [hxd]
[Dq] ['vIkt(q)rI]
When he died at 4:30 PM he was certain of his complete victory. [wen] [hi:] [daId]
[xt] [fO:] ['TE:tI] ["pi:'em] [hi:] [wPz] ['sE:tn] [Pv] [hIz] [kqm'pli:t] ['vIkt(q)rI]
Battle of Trafalgar shattered Napoleon's plans to invade England. ['bxtl] [Pv]
[trq'fxlgq] ['Sxtqd] [nq'pqVlIqnz] [plxnz] [tu:] [In'veId] ['INglqnd]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
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Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Второй уровень
1. Battle of Trafalgar was held in October 21, 1805.
2. It was naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars.
3. It established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years.
4. It was fought west of Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cadiz and the Strait of Gi
braltar.
5. A fleet of 33 ships (18 French and 15 Spanish) under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve
fought a British fleet of 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson.
6. At 11:50 AM Nelson signalled his famous message: «England expects that every man
will do his duty.»
7. Then his squadron, with 12 ships, attacked the van and centre of Villeneuve’s line,
which included Villeneuve in the Bucentaure.
8. The majority of Nelson’s squadron broke through and shattered Villeneuve’s lines
in the pellmell battle.
9. But Dumanoir’s weak counterattack failed and was driven off.
10. Collingwood completed the destruction of the rear, and the battle ended about 5:00 PM.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
Battle of Trafalgar was _______________________________________________
It was naval engagement of ____________________________________________
It established British naval ____________________________________________
It was fought west of _________________________________________________
A fleet of 33 ships (18 French and 15 Spanish) under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve
fought a __________________________________________________________
At 11:50 AM Nelson signalled his famous message: __________________________
Then his squadron, with 12 ships, attacked _________________________________
The majority of Nelson’s squadron broke __________________________________
But Dumanoir’s weak counterattack ______________________________________
Collingwood completed _______________________________________________
Третий уровень
1. Battle of Trafalgar (Oct. 21, 1805), naval engagement of the Napoleonic Wars, which
established British naval supremacy for more than 100 years; it was fought west of
Cape Trafalgar, Spain, between Cadiz and the Strait of Gibraltar. A fleet of 33 ships
(18 French and 15 Spanish) under Admiral Pierre de Villeneuve fought a British fleet
of 27 ships under Admiral Horatio Nelson.
2. At the end of September 1805, Villeneuve had received orders to leave Cadiz and
land troops at Naples to support the French campaign in southern Italy. On Octo
ber 1920 his fleet slipped out of Cadiz, hoping to get into the Mediterranean Sea
without giving battle. Nelson caught him off Cape Trafalgar on October 21.
3. Villeneuve ordered his fleet to form a single line heading north, and Nelson ordered
his fleet to form two squadrons and attack Villeneuve’s line from the west, at right
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