Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Система гуманитарного и социально-экономического знания. Языковая подготовка. Учебное пособие
.pdf
Тема 3. Основной курс
I knew that Я знал, что
he drew well (он хорошо рисует)
he was drawing in the next room (он рисует в соседней комнате)
he had drawn the picture by Monday (он нарисовал картину к понедельнику)
he would draw a new picture (он будет рисовать новую картину)
he would be drawing all day long (он будет рисовать весь день)
he would have drawing the picture by Monday (он нарисует картину к понедельнику
Проверочные тесты
Переведите на английский язык Правильные ответы
1. Я не помнил, что они сказали мне. I did not remember what they had told.
2. Он сказал, что все сделал. He said he had done everything.
3. Я надеялся, что вы никогда не пойдете туда. I hoped you would never go there.
4. Он решил, что мы будем бояться его. He decided we would be afraid of him.
5. Она надеялась, что работа будет не слишком She hoped the work would not be too hard.
тяжелой.
6. Он сказал, что не знает вас. He said he did not know you.
7. Том сказал, что никгода не видел вас раньше. Tom said he had never seen you before.
8. Я не знал, что они уже все сделали. I did not know they had already done
everything.
9. Мальчик сказал, что у него нет денег. The boy said he did not have money.
10. Мать сказала, что дети уже пришли The mother said the children had already
из школы и играют во дворе. come from school and were playing in the yard.
Комментарии к тексту
Вильгельм Завоеватель — первый нормандский король Великобритании. Соб
ственно история Англии начинается с 1066 года с битвы при Гастингсе.
Смелый викинг, притязавший на английский трон, вторгся со своей армией и
завоевал Британские острова. Вильгельм ввел новую политику по отношению к
британской знати. Он распределял государственные земли за службу, при этом
земля была собственностью короны, поэтому английские феодалы не смогли со
здать антинормандское движение.
Первый уровень.
William I became the king of England from 1066. ['wIljqm] [Dq] [fE:st] [bI'keIm] [Dq]
[kIN] [Pv] ['INglqnd] [frPm] [ten] ['sIkstI] [sIks]
He was always sparing of food and drink. [hi:] [wPz] ['O:lw(e)Iz] ['spe(q)rIN] [Pv] [fu:d]
[xnd] [drINk]
He became fat later. [hi:] [bI'keIm] [fxt] ['leItq]
He had a rough bass voice [hi:] [hxd] [q] [rAf] [beIs] [vOIs]
He was a good and ready speaker. [hi:] [wPz] [q] [gVd] [xnd] ['redI] ['spi:kq]
He was exceptionally strong and vigorous. [hi:] [wPz] [Ik'sepS(q)nqlI] [strPN] [xnd]
['vIg(q)rqs]
William was a hunter and soldier. ['wIljqm] [wPz] [q] ['hAntq] [xnd] ['sqVldZq]
He was really fierce and despotic. [hi:] [wPz] ['rI(q)lI] [fIqs] [xnd] [des'pPtIk]
He had few graces. [hi:] [hxd] [fju:] [greIsIz]
He was intelligent and soon obtained the respect of his rivals. [hi:] [wPz] [In'telIdZ(q)nt]
[xnd] [su:n] [qb'teInId] [Dq] [rI'spekt] [Pv] [hIz] ['raIv(q)lz]
391
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень.
1. William I had name William the Conqueror.
2. Another name was the Bastard, or William of Normandy
3. He was duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035.
4. He was always ready to take calculated risks on campaign.
5. His plans were simple, his methods direct, and he exploited ruthlessly any advan
tage gained.
6. He was king of England from 1066.
7. Norman interest in AngloSaxon England derived from an alliance made in 1002.
8. He was one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages.
9. He made himself the mightiest feudal lord in France.
10. Then he changed the course of England’s history by his conquest of that country.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
William I had name _________________________________________________
Another name was ___________________________________________________
He was duke ___________________________________________________
He was always ready __________________________________________________
His plans were simple, his methods direct, and he ___________________________
He was king ___________________________________________________
Norman interest in AngloSaxon England derived from ______________________
He was one of ___________________________________________________
He made himself ___________________________________________________
Then he changed the course of _________________________________________
Третий уровень.
1. William I, byname William the Conqueror, or the Bastard, or William of Normandy
(b. c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy — d. Sept. 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as
William II) from 1035 and king of England from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers
and rulers of the Middle Ages. He made himself the mightiest feudal lord in France
and then changed the course of England’s history by his conquest of that country.
2. Early years. William was the elder of two children of Robert I of Normandy and his
concubine Herleva, or Arlette, the daughter of a burgher from the town of Falaise.
In 1035 Robert died when returning from a pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and William,
his only son, whom he had nominated as his heir before his departure, was accept
ed as duke by the Norman magnates and his feudal overlord, King Henry I of France.
William and his friends had to overcome enormous obstacles. His illegitimacy (he
392
Тема 3. Основной курс
was generally known as the Bastard) was a handicap, and he had to survive the col
lapse of law and order that accompanied his accession as a child.
3. Three of William’s guardians died violent deaths before he grew up, and his tutor
was murdered. His father’s kin were of little help; most of them thought that they
stood to gain by the boy’s death. But his mother managed to protect William through
the most dangerous period. These early difficulties probably contributed to his
strength of purpose and his dislike of lawlessness and misrule.
4. Ruler of Normandy. By 1042, when William reached his 15
th
year, was knighted, and
began to play a personal part in the affairs of his duchy, the worst was over. But his
attempts to recover rights lost during the anarchy and to bring disobedient vassals
and servants to heel inevitably led to trouble. From 1046 until 1055 he dealt with a
series of baronial rebellions, mostly led by kinsmen. Occasionally he was in great
danger and had to rely on Henry of France for help. In 1047 Henry and William
defeated a coalition of Norman rebels at ValusDunes, Southeast of Caen. It was
in these years that William learned to fight and rule.
5. William soon learned to control his youthful recklessness. He was always ready to take
calculated risks on campaign and, most important, to fight a battle. But he was not a
chivalrous or flamboyant commander. His plans were simple, his methods direct, and
he exploited ruthlessly any advantage gained. If he found himself at a disadvantage,
he withdrew immediately. He showed the same qualities in his government. He nev
er lost sight of his aim to recover lost ducal rights and revenues, and, although he de
veloped no theory of government or great interest in administrative techniques, he
was always prepared to improvise and experiment. He seems to have lived a moral
life by the standards of the time, and he acquired an interest in the welfare of the Nor
man church. He made his half brother, Odo, bishop of Bayeux in 1049 at the age of
about 16, and Odo managed to combine the roles of nobleman and prelate in a way
that did not greatly shock contemporaries. But William also welcomed foreign monks
and scholars to Normandy. Lanfranc of Pavia, a famous master of the liberal arts, who
entered the monastery of Bec about 1042, was made abbot of Caen in 1063.
6. According to a brief description of William’s person by an anonymous author, who
borrowed extensively from Einhard’s Life of Charlemagne, he was just above aver
age height and had a robust, thickset body. Though he was always sparing of food
and drink, he became fat in later life. He had a rough bass voice and was a good and
ready speaker. Writers of the next generation agree that he was exceptionally strong
and vigorous. William was an outofdoors man, a hunter and soldier, fierce and
despotic, generally feared; uneducated, he had few graces but was intelligent and
shrewd and soon obtained the respect of his rivals.
7. New alliances. After 1047 William began to take part in events outside his duchy. In
support of his lord, King Henry, and in pursuit of an ambition to strengthen his
southern frontier and expand into Maine, he fought a series of campaigns against
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou. But in 1052 Henry and Geoffrey made peace, there
was a serious rebellion in eastern Normandy, and, until 1054 William was again in
serious danger. During this period he conducted important negotiations with his
cousin Edward the Confessor, king of England, and took a wife.
8. Norman interest in AngloSaxon England derived from an alliance made in 1002,
when King Ethelred II of England married Emma, the sister of Count Richard II,
William’s grandfather. Two of her sons, William’s cousins once removed, had
reigned in turn in England, Hardecanute (104042) and Edward the Confessor (1042
66). William had met Edward during that prince’s exile on the Continent and may
well have given him some support when he returned to England in 1041. In that year
393
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Edward was about 36 and William 14. It is clear that William expected some sort of
reward from Edward and, when Edward’s marriage proved unfruitful, began to de
velop an ambition to become his kinsman’s heir. Edward probably at times encour
aged William’s hopes. His childlessness was a diplomatic asset.
9. In 1049 William negotiated with Baldwin V of Flanders for the hand of his daugh
ter, Matilda. Baldwin, an imperial vassal with a distinguished lineage, was in rebel
lion against the Western emperor, Henry III, and in desperate need of allies. The
proposed marriage was condemned as incestuous (William and Matilda were evi
dently related in some way) by the Emperor’s friend, Pope Leo IX, at the Council
of Reims in October 1049; but so anxious were the parties for the alliance that be
fore the end of 1053, possibly in 1052, the wedding took place. In 1059 William was
reconciled to the papacy, and as penance the disobedient pair built two monaster
ies at Caen. Four sons were born to William and Matilda: Robert (the future duke
of Normandy), Richard (who died young), William Rufus (the Conqueror’s succes
sor in England), and Henry (Rufus’ successor). Among the daughters was Adela,
who was the mother of Stephen, king of England.
10. Edward the Confessor was supporting the Emperor, and it is possible that William used
his new alliance with Flanders to put pressure on Edward and extort an acknowledge
ment that he was the English king’s heir. At all events, Edward seems to have made
some sort of promise to William in 1051, while Tostig, son of the greatest nobleman in
England, Earl Godwine, married Baldwin’s half sister. The immediate purpose of this
tripartite alliance was to improve the security of each of the parties. If William secured
a declaration that he was Edward’s heir, he was also looking very far ahead.
11. Between 1054 and 1060 William held his own against an alliance between King Henry
I and Geoffrey Martel of Anjou. Both men died in 1060 and were succeeded by weaker
rulers. As a result, in 1063 William was able to conquer Maine. In 1064 or 1065 Edward
sent his brotherinlaw, Harold, earl of Wessex, Godwine’s son and successor, on an
embassy to Normandy. William took him on a campaign into Brittany, and in connec
tion with this Harold swore an oath in which, according to Norman writers, he renewed
Edward’s bequest of the throne to William and promised to support it.
12. When Edward died childless on Jan. 5, 1066, Harold was accepted as king by the
English magnates, and William decided on war. Others, however, moved more
quickly. In May Tostig, Harold’s exiled brother, raided England, and in September
he joined the invasion forces of Harold III Hardraade, king of Norway, off the
Northumbrian coast. William assembled a fleet, recruited an army, and gathered his
forces in August at the mouth of the Dives River. It is likely that he originally in
tended to sail due north and invade England by way of the Isle of Wight and South
ampton Water. Such a plan would give him an offshore base and interior lines. But
adverse winds detained his fleet in harbour for a month, and in September a west
erly gale drove his ships upChannel.
Задание 5.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
the Bastard – внебрачный, побочный ребенок
the Middle Ages – Средние века (с определенным арликлем)
feudal lord – феодальный лорд
an alliance – (an неопределенный артикль в форме перед гласной) союз
his methods direct – пропущено сказуемое
394
Тема 3. Основной курс
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
William I
William the Conqueror
Another
William of Normandy
duke of Normandy
always
ready
to take
calculated risks
campaign
ruthlessly
any advantage gained
Norman interest in
To derive from
an alliance
one of the greatest soldiers and rulers
the Middle Ages
the mightiest feudal lord
the course of England's history
by his conquest of
Unit 46. The Battle of Hastings
Анкета
Основные вопросы анкеты. Windows предлагает следующий тип анкет:
Задание.Составить анкету для устройсва на работу по специальности «юрист».
Personal
Helen
Сведения о себе NAME ADDRESS PHONE
Год и место рождения:
Национальность:
Семейное положение: MARITAL STATUS
Дети:
Родители:
Образование EDUCATION
19xx — 19xx [ предприятие/учреждение ] [ область/город ] [ степень/звание ]
[ сведения о продвижении по службе, наградах и поощрениях ]
Профессиональный опыт EXPERIENCE COMPANY
20xx — 20xx [ предприятие/учреждение ] [ область/город ]
DESCRIBE YOUR DUTIES
[ сведения о продвижении по службе, наградах и поощрениях ]
Знание языков LANGUAGES
[ введите сведения ]
Цель AIM
[ введите свою цель ]
395
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Комментарии к тексту
В битве при Гастингсе в 1066 году Вльгельм Завоеватель одержал победу над
англосаксонским королемГарольдом II. Это было решающее для судьбы Англии
сражение.
Первый уровень
William the Conqueror was the first Norman king. ['wIljqm] [Dq] ['kPNkqrq] [wPz] [Dq]
[fE:st] ['nO:mqn] [kIN]
He came to England in 1066. [hi:] [keIm] [tu:] ['INglqnd] [In] [ten] ['sIkstI] [sIks]
The Norman Conquest of England started with the battle of Hastings. [Dq] ['nO:mqn]
['kPNkwest] [Pv] ['INglqnd] ['stQ:tId] [wID] [Dq] ['bxtl] [Pv] ['heIstINz]
On October 14 William went out to give battle. [Pn] [Pk'tqVbq] ["fO:'ti:nT] ['wIljqm]
[went] [aVt] [tu:] [gIv] ['bxtl]
He attacked the English phalanx. [hi:] [q'txkt] [DI] ['INglIS] ['fxlxNks]
His army crossed the field. [hIz] ['Q:mI] ['krPst] [Dq] [fi:ld]
He brought them back into the fight. [hi:] [brO:t] [Dem] [bxk] ['Intq] [Dq] [faIt]
In the end it was his victory. [In] [Dq] [end] [It] [wPz] [hIz] ['vIkt(q)rI]
His army had archers and cavalry. [hIz] ['Q:mI] [hxd] ['Q:tSqz] [xnd] ['kxv(q)lrI]
On Christmas Day 1066 he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. [Pn] ['krIsmqsdeI]
[ten] ['sIkstI] [sIks] [hi:] [wPz] [kraVnd] [kIN] [In] ['wes(t)"mInstq] ['xbI]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень
1. In a formal sense the Norman Conquest of England had taken place in1066.
2. William led his forces to England.
3. On September 27, after cold and rainy weather, the wind backed south.
4. William embarked his army and set sail for the Southeast coast of England.
5. The following morning he landed, took the unresisting towns of Pevensey and Hast
ings.
6. Then he began to organise a bridgehead with between 4,000 and 7,000 cavalry and
infantry.
7. William was already an experienced ruler.
8. In Normandy he had replaced disloyal nobles and ducal servants with his own
friends.
9. He limited private warfare, and recovered usurped ducal rights, defining the feudal
duties of his vassals.
10. The Norman church flourished under his rule.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
396
Тема 3. Основной курс
B.
In a formal sense the Norman Conquest __________________________________
William led his ___________________________________________________
On September 27, after cold and _________________________________________
William embarked his army and set sail for _________________________________
The following morning he landed, took ___________________________________
Then he began to organise a ___________________________________________
William was ___________________________________________________
In Normandy he had replaced disloyal nobles and ___________________________
He limited private warfare, and recovered __________________________________
The Norman church flourished __________________________________________
Третий уровень.
1. William regrouped his forces on the Somme. He had suffered a costly delay, some
naval losses, and a drop in the morale of his troops. On September 27, after cold
and rainy weather, the wind backed south. William embarked his army and set sail
for the Southeast coast of England. The following morning he landed, took the un
resisting towns of Pevensey and Hastings, and began to organise a bridgehead with
between 4,000 and 7,000 cavalry and infantry.
2. William’s forces were in a narrow coastal strip, hemmed in by the great forest of
Andred, and, although this corridor was easily defensible, it was not much of a base
for the conquest of England. The campaigning season was almost past, and when
William received news of his opponent it was not reassuring. On September 25 Ha
rold had defeated and slain Tostig and Harald Hardraade at Stamford Bridge, near
York, and was retracing his steps to meet the new invader. On October 13, when
Harold emerged from the forest, William was taken by surprise. But the hour was
too late for Harold to push on to Hastings, and he took up a defensive position. Early
the next day William went out to give battle. He attacked the English phalanx with
archers and cavalry but saw his army almost driven from the field. He rallied the
fugitives, however, and brought them back into the fight and in the end wore down
his opponents. Harold’s brothers were killed early in the battle. Toward nightfall the
King himself fell and the English gave up. William’s coolness and tenacity secured
him victory in this fateful battle, and he then moved against possible centres of re
sistance so quickly that he prevented a new leader from emerging. On Christmas
Day 1066 he was crowned king in Westminster Abbey. In a formal sense the Nor
man Conquest of England had taken place.
3. King of England. William was already an experienced ruler. In Normandy he had replaced
disloyal nobles and ducal servants with his own friends, limited private warfare, and re
covered usurped ducal rights, defining the feudal duties of his vassals. The Norman
church flourished under his rule. He wanted a church free of corruption but subordi
nate to him. He would not tolerate opposition from bishops and abbots or interference
from the papacy. He presided over church synods and reinforced ecclesiastical disci
pline with his own. In supporting Lanfranc, prior of Bec, against Berengar of Tours in
their dispute over the doctrine of the Eucharist, he found himself on the side of ortho
doxy. He was never guilty of the selling of church office. He disapproved of clerical mar
riage. At the same time he was a stern and sometimes rough master, swayed by politi
cal necessities, and he was not generous to the church with his own property. The re
former Lanfranc was one of his advisers; but perhaps even more to his taste were the
worldly and soldierly bishops Odo of Bayeux and Geoffrey of Coutances.
4. William left England early in 1067 but had to return in December because of English
397
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
unrest. The English rebellions that began in 1067 reached their peak in 1069 and were
finally quelled in 1071. They completed the ruin of the highest English aristocracy and
gave William a distaste for his newly conquered kingdom. Since his position on the Con
tinent was deteriorating, he wanted to solve English problems as haply as possible. To
secure England’s frontiers, he invaded Scotland in 1072 and Wales in 1081 and created
special defensive «marcher» counties along the Scottish and Welsh borders.
5. In the last 15 years of his life he was more often in Normandy than in England, and
there were five years, possibly seven, in which he did not visit the kingdom at all. He
retained most of the greatest AngloNorman barons with him in Normandy and con
fided the government of England to bishops, trusting especially his old friend Lanfranc,
whom he made archbishop of Canterbury. Much concerned that the natives should not
be unnecessarily disturbed, he allowed them to retain their own laws and courts.
6. William returned to England only when it was absolutely necessary: in 1075 to deal
with the aftermath of a rebellion by Roger, earl of Hereford, and Ralf, earl of Nor
folk, which was made more dangerous by the intervention of a Danish fleet; and in
1082 to arrest and imprison his half brother Odo, bishop of Bayeux and earl of Kent,
who was planning to take an army to Italy, perhaps to make himself pope. In the spring
of 1082 William had his son Henry knighted, and in August at Salisbury he took oaths
of fealty from all the important landowners in England, whomever’s vassals they might
be. In 1085 he returned with a large army to meet the threat of an invasion by Canute
IV (Canute the Holy) of Denmark. When this came to nothing owing to Canute’s
death in 1086, William ordered an economic and tendril survey to be made of the king
dom, the results of which are summarised in the two volumes of Domesday Book.
7. William was preoccupied with the frontiers of Normandy. The danger spots were in
Maine and the Vexin on the Seine, where Normandy bordered on the French royal de
mesne. After 1066 William’s continental neighbours became more powerful and even
more hostile. In 1068 Fulk the Surly succeeded to Anjou and in 1071 Robert the Fri
sian to Flanders. Philip I of France allied with Robert and Robert with the Danish king,
Canute IV. There was also the problem of William’s heir apparent, Robert Curthose,
who, given no appendage and seemingly kept short of money, left Normandy in 1077
and intrigued with his father’s enemies. In 1081 William made a compromise with Fulk
in the treaty of Blancheland: Robert Curthose was to be count of Maine but as a vassal
of the count of Anjou. The eastern part of the Vexin, the county of Mantes, had fallen
completely into King Philip’s hands in 1077 when William had been busy with Maine.
In 1087 William demanded from Philip the return of the towns of Chaumont, Mantes,
and Pontoise. In July he entered Mantes by surprise, but while the town burned he suf
fered some injury from which he never recovered. He was thwarted at the very moment
when he seemed about to enforce his last outstanding territorial claim.
8. Death. William was taken to a suburb of Rouen, where he lay dying for five weeks.
He had the assistance of some of his bishops and doctors, and in attendance were
his half brother Robert, count of Mortain, and his younger sons, William Rufus and
Henry. Robert Curthose was with the King of France. It had probably been his in
tention that Robert, as was the custom, should succeed to the whole inheritance.
In the circumstances he was tempted to make the loyal Rufus his sole heir. In the
end he compromised: Normandy and Maine went to Robert and England to Rufus.
Henry was given great treasure with which he could purchase an appendage. Wil
liam died at daybreak on September 9, in his 60
th
year, and was buried in rather un
seemly fashion in St. Stephen’s Church, which he had built at Caen.
398
Тема 3. Основной курс
Задание 5.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
the Norman Conquest of England – Норманское завоевание
Normandy Нормандия
7,000 cavalry – seven thousand cavalry (заметьте слово thousand находится в един
ственном числе)
the feudal duties of his vassals – феодальные обязанности его вассалов
In a formal sense – с формальной точки зрения
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
In a formal sense
the Norman Conquest
forces
to England.
after cold and rainy weather
the wind
south
the Southeast coast
The following morning
the unresisting towns of
Then
to organise
a bridgehead
an experienced ruler
disloyal nobles
ducal servants
private warfare
ducal rights
the feudal duties
The Norman church
Unit 47. Yalta Conference
Curriculum vitaе
Образец делового письма
Составить биографию для предстоящей работы
Жизнеописание — Curriculum vitaе — CV .
В основном биография отличается от резюме только объемом (до 68 страниц)
и предназначена для кандидатов на различные должности в иностранных фирмах
как в России так и для работы за границей. Потенциальный работодатель полу
чает детальную информацию о потенциальном работнике. Обычно нужно предо
ставить фотографию, свой адрес и телефон, личные и паспортные данные и бо
лее подробно — образование и квалификацию.
Образец делового письма:
Задание. Написать письмо в США с просьбой рассмотреть Ваше резюме.
Ms. Elice Goodman Vicepresident of Jonson and Jonson Corporation, Warsington D.C.
331331
Dear Ms. Goodman:
Thank you for your time and attention during my interview
Гже Элис Гудмен Вице президенту корпорации Джонсон и Джонсон, Вашингтон
331331
Уважаемая гжа Гудмен!
Благодарю Вас за время и внимание, которые Вы уделили мне во время ин
тервью.
399
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Комментарии к тексту
Крымская (Ялтинская 1945)конференция, конференция глав правительств трех
союзных во 2й мировой войне (1939 — 1945) держав — СССР, США и Великобри
тании. В отечественной и западной историографии Ялтинская конференция имеет
совершенно разные оценки — и это понятно. Особенно негативно оценивались ее
результаты в западных источниках во времена «холодной войны». На конференции
было решено, что после того как германское вооруженное сопротивление будет окон
чательно сломлено, вооруженные силы СССР, США и Великобритании оккупиру
ют Германию — причем войска каждой из держав будут занимать определенную часть
(зону) Германии. Хотя конференция проходила с участием председателя СНК СССР
И.Сталиным, президента США Ф.Рузвельта и премьерминистра Великобритании
У.Черчилля, а также министров иностранных дел, начальников штабов и других со
ветников, ответственность за окупацию Германии и ее деление на Западную и Вос
точную целиком возлагалась на СССР, не учитывая действительного положения дел.
Конференция состоялась в Ялте 411 февраля, когда война против гитлеровс
кой Германии вступила в завершающую стадию. На конференции были согласо
ваны военные планы держав, определено их отношение к Германии после ее бе
зоговорочной капитуляции и намечены основные принципы общей политики в
отношении послевоенной организации мира.
Вместе с тем в коммюнике подчеркивалось, что после искоренения нацизма и
милитаризма германский народ сможет занять достойное место в сообществе на
ций. Было также принято решение по вопросу создания Организации Объединен
ных Наций (ООН).
Первый уровень
It was the agreements between countries in Yalta. [It] [wPz] [DI] [q'gri:mqnts] [bI'twi:n]
['kAntrIz] [In] ['jQ:ltq]
The agreements reached at Yalta were made public in 1946. [DI] [q'gri:mqnts] [ri:tSt]
[xt] ['jQ:ltq] [wE:] [meId] ['pAblIk] [In] ["naIn'ti:n] ['fO:tI] [sIks]
In Yalta Conference U.S., Britain, France, and Soviet Union took part. [In] ['jQ:ltq]
['kPnf(q)rqns] [ues] ['brItn] [frQ:ns] [xnd] ['sqVvIqt] ['ju:nIqn] [tVk] [pQ:t]
These countries decided Germany fortune after World War II. [Di:z] ['kAntrIz]
[dI'saIdId] ['dZE:mqnI] ['fO:tS(q)n] ['Q:ftq] [wE:ld] [wO:] [Dq] ['sekqnd]
There was the United Nations organisation charter. [Deq] [wPz] [DI] [ju:'naItId]
['neIS(q)nz] ["O:gqnaI'zeIS(q)n] ['tSQ:tq]
All 16 Soviet republics should have membership in the General Assembly in the United
Nations. [O:l] ["sIk'sti:n] ['sqVvIqt] [rI'pAblIks] [SVd] [hxv] ['membqSIp] [In] [Dq]
['dZen(q)rql] [q'semblI] [In] [DI] [ju:'naItId] ['neIS(q)nz]
They were criticized in the United States. [DeI] [wE:] ['krItIsaIzd] [In] [DI] [ju:'naItId]
[steIts]
The compromise formula was for voting in the Security Council. [Dq] ['kPmprqmaIz]
['fO:mjVlq] [wPz] [fO:] ['vqVtIN] [In] [Dq] [sI'kjV(q)rItI] ['kaVns(q)l]
Germany was divided into two occupied zones. ['dZE:mqnI] [wPz] [dI'vaIdId] ['Intq]
[tu:] ['PkjVpaId] [zqVnz]
The end of this process was with perestroyka in the Soviet Union. [DI] [end] [Pv] [DIs]
['prqVsqs] [wPz] [wID] ["perq'strOIkq] [In] [Dq] ['sqVvIqt'ju:nIqn]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
400
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]