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Тема 3. Основной курс
босопС
яинавозарбо
ищомопирП
воскиффус
б,gib
tse,re
ищомопирП
йичеран
йынжав
elttil
лам
огогурдтО
яаньлетижолоПяаньлетинварСяандохсоверПеиначемирП
е
йыннилд,gnol
йошьло
йикгел,ysae
,tnatropmi
hcum,ynam
еигонм,огонм
ssel
елоб,regnol
йыннилд
,reggib
йишьлоб
еелоб,reisae
йикгел
йыннилд
,tseggib
,йошьлоб
,йикгел
елобиан
.галирп+erom
tnatropmierom
йынжавеелоб
erom
е
елобиан
tsom
ешьлоб
tsael
йишьнем
йикьне
еелоб
йымас
йикьнелам
йымас,tsegnol
яансалгоС
,ястеавиавду
йишьлобиан
y анястеянем i
йымас,tseisae
йынрадуилсе
.йытырказголс
йикгеле
.галирп+tsom
tnatropmitsom
йынжав)йымас(
еешьлобиан
овтсечилок
йишьнемиан
йикьнелам
янрок
tseb
doog
йишорох
retteb
йишорохеелоб
мас
йишчулиан
йы
йишорох
dab
йохолп
esrow
йишдух
tsrow
йишдухиан
— vigorouser
— нет правильных ответов
3. During the early part of the 5
th
century AD, the Saxons spread rapidly through north
Germany and along the coasts of Gaul and Britain.
— more early
— most early
— earlier
— нет правильных ответов
4. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the Scheldt rivers, however, was held by the
Frisians, on whom the Saxons had great influence.
— more coastal
— most coastal
— coastaler
— нет правильных ответов
5. With interruptions, the Saxon wars lasted 32 years and ended with the incorpora
tion of the Saxons into the Frankish Empire.
— more Frankish
— most Frankish
— Frankisher
— нет правильных ответов
6. The Venerable Bede described the Germanic invaders of Britain as Angles, Saxons,
331
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
and Jutes and said that the East, West, and South Saxons (of Essex, Wessex, and
Sussex) were descended from the Saxons.
— more Venerable
— most Venerable
— Venerabler
— нет правильных ответов
7. However, Bede was not always careful to distinguish Angles and Saxons; and, fur
thermore, all the invaders of Britain were closely related and spoke dialects similar
to each other and to the Frisian language.
— more careful
— carefulest
— carefuler
— нет правильных ответов
8. The dialects of the continental Saxons, on the other hand, underwent considerable
approximation to High German
— more continental
— most continental
— continentaler
— нет правильных ответов
9. Their affinity to those of the English and the Frisians is only to be traced in sporadic
spellings in texts now extant, of which none is older than the 9
— more sporadic
— most sporadic
— sporadicer
— нет правильных ответов
10. He was no doubt confusing Frisians and Saxons, owing to their close relationship
and to the extensive Saxon settlements among the Frisians.
— more extensive
— extensivest
— extensiver
— нет правильных ответов
Правильные ответы
12345678910
4134441441
th
century.
Комментарии к тексту
Саксы — группа германских племен, пришедшая вместе с ютами и англами на
территорию Британских островов в VVI веках нашей эры. AD — латинское обо
значение нашей эры. ВС — буквально — «до рождения Христа».
Саксы ассимилировались с населявшими Англию племенами.
Первый уровень
Saxon is a tribe. ['sxks(q)n] [Iz] [q] [traIb]
They are member of a Germanic people. [DeI] [Q:r] ['membq] [Pv] [q] [dZE:'mxnIk] ['pi:p(q)l]
They lived in the area of modern Schleswig in ancient times. [DeI] [lIvd] [In] [Dq]
['F(q)rIq] [Pv] [mPdn] ['SleswIg] [In] ['eInS(q)nt] [taImz]
It was along the Baltic coast. [It] [wPz] [q'lPN] [Dq] ['bO:ltIk] [kqVst]
It was vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. [It] [wPz] ['vIg(q)rqs] ['sxks(q)n]
['paI(q)rqsI] [In] [Dq] [nO:T] [si:]
That was the period of Roman decline. [Dxt] [wPz] [Dq] ['pI(q)rIqd] [Pv] ['rqVmqn] [dI'klaIn]
332
Тема 3. Основной курс
During the early part of the 5th century AD, the Saxons spread rapidly through north
Germany. ['djVqrIN] [DI] ['E:lI] [pQ:t] [Pv] [Dq] [fIfT] ['sentSqrI] [eI] [di:] [Dq] ['sxks(q)nz]
[spred] ['rxpIdlI ] [Tru:] [nO:T] ['dZE:mqnI]
After that they went along the coasts of Gaul. ['Q:ftq] [Dxt] [DeI] [went] [q'lPN] [Dq]
[kqVsts] [Pv] [gO:l]
Then they came to Britain. [Den] [DeI] [keIm] [tu:] ['brItn]
The Saxons had great influence by the Frisians. [Dq] ['sxks(q)nz] [hxd] [greIt]
['InflVqns] [baI] [Dq] ['fri:zIqnz]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень
1. Saxon is the member of a Germanic people.
2. They in ancient times lived in the area of modern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast.
3. The period of Roman decline in the West was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in
the North Sea.
4. During the early part of the 5
Germany.
5. After that they went along the coasts of Gaul and Britain.
6. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the Scheldt rivers.
7. However it was held by the Frisians, on whom the Saxons had great influence.
8. The Venerable Bede described the Germanic invaders of Britain as Angles, Saxons, and Jutes.
9. It said that the East, West, and South Saxons (of Essex, Wessex, and Sussex) were
descended from the Saxons.
10. All the invaders of Britain were closely related and spoke dialects similar to each
other and to the Frisian language.
th
century AD, the Saxons spread rapidly through north
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
Saxon is the member of ________________________________________________
They in ancient times lived in ___________________________________________
The period of Roman decline in the West was marked by _______________________
During the early part of the 5
th
century AD, the Saxons spread ___________________
Arter that they went along ______________________________________________
The coastal stretch from _______________________________________________
However it was held by the Frisians, on whom ______________________________
The Venerable Bede described the Germanic invaders of _______________________
It said that the East, West, and South Saxons (of Essex, Wessex, and Sussex) were
descended from _______________________________________________________
All the invaders of Britain were closely related and spoke dialects similar to
333
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
_____________________________________________________________
Третий уровень
1. Saxon, member of a Germanic people who in ancient times lived in the area of mod
ern Schleswig and along the Baltic coast. The period of Roman decline in the West
was marked by vigorous Saxon piracy in the North Sea. During the early part of the
th
5
century AD, the Saxons spread rapidly through north Germany and along the
coasts of Gaul and Britain. The coastal stretch from the Elbe to the Scheldt rivers,
however, was held by the Frisians, on whom the Saxons had great influence.
2. The expansion of the Saxons brought collision with the Franks. In 772 the Frank
ish ruler Charlemagne decided on a campaign of conquest and conversion of the
Saxons. With interruptions, the Saxon wars lasted 32 years and ended with the in
corporation of the Saxons into the Frankish Empire.
3. The Venerable Bede described the Germanic invaders of Britain as Angles, Saxons,
and Jutes and said that the East, West, and South Saxons (of Essex, Wessex, and
Sussex) were descended from the Saxons. However, Bede was not always careful to
distinguish Angles and Saxons; and, furthermore, all the invaders of Britain were
closely related and spoke dialects similar to each other and to the Frisian language.
4. The dialects of the continental Saxons, on the other hand, underwent considerable
approximation to High German, and their affinity to those of the English and the Fri
sians is only to be traced in sporadic spellings in texts now extant, of which none is
older than the 9
Britons, Angles, and Frisians, he was no doubt confusing Frisians and Saxons, owing
to their close relationship and to the extensive Saxon settlements among the Frisians.
th
century. When Procopius alleged that the inhabitants of Britain were
Задание 5.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
a Germanic people – неопределенный артикль перед синтагмой диктует перевод
слова people как народ
During the early part of the 5th century AD – AD – anno domini(лат.) – нашей эры
Angles, Saxons, and Jutes – Англы, Саксы и Юты
It said – Past Siple Act. V. от say (обратить внимание на произношение формы)
the East, West, and South Saxons – восточные, западные и южные Саксы
the Frisian language
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
Saxon
a Germanic people
in ancient times
the area of modern
along the Baltic coast
The period of Roman decline
in the West
by vigorous Saxon piracy
in the North Sea
During
the early part of
rapidly
After that
along the coasts of Gaul
The coastal stretch from
However
by the Frisians
great influence
the Germanic invaders
the Saxons
All the invaders
closely
similar to each other
through north Germany
334
Тема 3. Основной курс
Unit 34. Thatcher, Margaret
Имя числительное
Именем числительным называется часть речи, обозначающая количество или по
рядок предметов при счете. В связи с этим числительные делятся на количествен
ные, которые отвечают на вопрос «сколько?» и порядковые, которые отвечают на
вопрос «который?».
Количественные Порядковые
l one the first
2 two second
20 twenty the twentieth
3 three third
13, 30 thirteen, thirty the thirteenth,thirtieth
4 four fourth
14,40 fourteen, forty fourteenth, fortieth
5 five fifth
15, 50 fifteen, fifty fifteenth, fiftieth
6 six sixth
16,60 sixteen, sixty sixteenth, sixtieth
7 seven seventh
17, 70 seventeen, seventy seventeenth, seventieth
8 eight eighth
18, 80 eighteen, eighty eighteenth, eightieth
9 nine ninth
19, 90 nineteen, ninety nineteenth, ninetieth
10 ten tenth
11 eleven eleventh
12 twelve twelfth
6,731 — six thousand seven hundred and thirtyone 1,905 — one thousand, nine
hundred and five, 2,689,276 — two million six hundred and eightynine thousand, two
hundred and seventy — six
Заметьте, что в составных образованиях числительные hundred, thousand,
million употребляются в единственном числе,
Перед числительными сотня, тысяча и миллион в единственном числе ставит
ся неопределенный артикль а или числительное one — a (one) thousand, one (a)
hundred and thirteen.
Проверочные тесты
Каким числительным является вводное слово:
1. Margaret Thatcher (b. Oct. 13, 1925, Grantham, Lincolnshire, Eng.), British Con
servative politician and prime minister (1979—90), Europe’s first woman prime min
ister.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
2. She was the first British prime minister in the 20th century to win three consecutive
— количественное
— порядковое
335
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
— собирательное
— дробное
3. The time of her resignation she was Britain’s longest—serving prime minister since
1827.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
4. She first stood for Parliament in 1950 but was unsuccessful, despite increasing the
local Conservative vote by 50 percent.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
5. Abroad, Thatcher presided over the orderly establishment of an independent Zim
babwe (formerly Rhodesia) in 1980 after 15 years of illegal separation from British
colonial rule under a white minority.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
6. She was joint parliamentary secretary to the Ministry of Pensions and National In
surance (1961—64).
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
7. In 1982 Britain successfully recaptured the Falkland Islands following a 10—week
Argentine occupation.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
8. Thatcher succeeded Heath as Conservative leader in 1975 after the party’s loss of
two general elections in 1974.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
9. But unemployment, which had been rising mildly throughout the late 1970s.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
10. Nearly unemployment tripled during her first two terms — from 1,100,000 to
3,000,000 — and her term in office saw the growth of a substantial underclass.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
336
Тема 3. Основной курс
Правильные ответы
12345678910
1211111131
Комментарии к тексту
Маргарет Тетчер — первая в Европе женщан премьерминистр. Ее биография
и сегодня для многих представляет интерес. Биография изложена в публицисти
ческом стиле.
Первый уровень
Margaret Thatcher is Europe's first woman prime minister. ['mQ:g(q)rIt] [TxtSE:] [Iz]
['jV(q)rqps] [fE:st] ['wVmqn] [praIm] ['mInIstq]
She is British Conservative politician. [Si:] [Iz] ['brItIS] [kqn'sE:vqtIv] ["pPlI'tIS(q)n]
She was the prime minister. [Si:] [wPz] [Dq] [praIm] ['mInIstq]
It was the period in 1979–90. [It] [wPz] [Dq] ['pI(q)rIqd] [In] ["naIn'ti:n] ['sev(q)ntI]
[naIn] ['naIntI]
She was Britain's longestserving prime minister since 1827. [Si:] [wPz] ['brItnz]
['lPNest] ['sE:vIN] [praIm] ['mInIstq] [sIns] [eI'ti:n] ['twentI] ['sev(q)n]
Thatcher was educated at Somerville College, Oxford. [TxtSE:] [wPz] ['edjVkeItId] [xt]
['sAmqvIl] ['kPlIdZ] ['Pksfqd]
She was named «Iron Lady». [Si:] [wPz] [neImd] ['aIrqn] ['leIdI]
She led a strong monetarist policy. [Si:] [led] [q] [strPN] ['mAnItqrIst] ['pPlIsI]
"Thatcher revolution" means the further privatisation of education, health care, and
housing. [TxtSE:] ["revq'lu:S(q)n] [mi:nz] [Dq] ['fE:Dq] ['praIvqtIzqSqn] [Pv] ["edjV'keIS(q)n]
[helT] [keq] [xnd] ['haVzIN]
She affirmed Britain's strong commitment to NATO. [Si:] [q'fE:md] ['brItnz] [strPN]
[kq'mItmqnt] [tu:] ['neItqV]
Задание 1. Выписать транскрипцию каждого слова.
Задание 2. Перевести текст.
Задание 3. Текст выучить наизусть.
Второй уровень
1. Margaret Thatcher is British Conservative politician and prime minister.
2. She was Europe’s first woman prime minister.
3. She was the first British prime minister in the 20th century to win three consecu
tive terms.
4. At the time of her resignation she was Britain’s longestserving prime minister since 1827.
5. Thatcher was educated at Somerville College, Oxford.
6. She became the first woman president of the Oxford University Conservative Association.
7. She subsequently worked as a research chemist.
8. Her marriage to a prosperous businessman also enabled her to read for the bar, and
she specialised in tax law.
9. She first stood for Parliament in 1950 but it was unsuccessful.
10. But some time later she earned the appellation of «Iron Lady» in the world.
Задание 4. Закончите письменно предложения согласно тексту:
A.
The headline of this text is …
The main idea of this text is …
337
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
This text consists of … parts.
The fierst part is about …
The 2nd part is about ...
The 3d part is about ...
Concluding the text …
B.
Margaret Thatcher is British Conservative politician and _______________________
She was Europe’s first ________________________________________________
She was the first British prime minister in _________________________________
At the time of her resignation she was ____________________________________
Thatcher was educated at ______________________________________________
She became the first woman president of ___________________________________
She subsequently worked as ____________________________________________
Her marriage to a prosperous businessman also enabled her to __________________
She first stood for ___________________________________________________
But some time later she earned the ______________________________________
Третий уровень
1. Margaret Thatcher (b. Oct. 13, 1925, Grantham, Lincolnshire, Eng.), British Con
servative politician and prime minister (197990), Europe’s first woman prime min
ister. She was the first British prime minister in the 20th century to win three con
secutive terms, and at the time of her resignation she was Britain’s longestserving
prime minister since 1827.
2. Thatcher was educated at Somerville College, Oxford, where she became the first wom
an president of the Oxford University Conservative Association. She subsequently
worked as a research chemist. Her marriage to a prosperous businessman also enabled
her to read for the bar, and she specialised in tax law. She first stood for Parliament in
1950 but was unsuccessful, despite increasing the local Conservative vote by 50 percent.
Not until 1959, when she was selected to fight the relatively «safe» Conservative con
stituency of Finchley, in north London, did she enter Parliament. She was joint parlia
mentary secretary to the Ministry of Pensions and National Insurance (196164) and
secretary of state for education and science (only the second woman ever to become a
Conservative cabinet minister) under Prime Minister Edward Heath (197074). Thatcher
succeeded Heath as Conservative leader in 1975 after the party’s loss of two general elec
tions in 1974. The Conservatives’ decisive victory in the general elections of 1979, which
elevated her to the prime ministry, was thought partly to have resulted from her de
nunciation of tradeunioninduced chaos in the previous winter’s strikes.
3. Thatcher was seen as belonging to the newly energetic right wing of the Conserva
tive Party, who during her administration became known as «Dries,» as opposed to
the oldstyle, liberal Tories, known as «Wets.» She advocated greater independence
of the individual from the state, an end to allegedly excessive government interfer
ence in the economy, and reductions in both public expenditures (enabling person
al taxes to be cut) and the printing of money (reflecting the policy known as mone
tarism). But unemployment, which had been rising mildly throughout the late 1970s,
nearly tripled during her first two terms—from 1,100,000 to 3,000,000—and her term
in office saw the growth of a substantial underclass. Moreover, business losses and
bankruptcies increased during the austerity that accompanied her administration’s
policies for reducing inflation. Though the Conservative Party’s parliamentary ma
jority was large, it won with only a little over 40 percent of the vote in 1987; that
figure reflected the lowest share of the vote for the Conservatives since 1922.
338
Тема 3. Основной курс
4. Abroad, Thatcher presided over the orderly establishment of an independent Zim
babwe (formerly Rhodesia) in 1980 after 15 years of illegal separation from British
colonial rule under a white minority. In 1982 Britain successfully recaptured the
Falkland Islands following a 10week Argentine occupation. The electorate’s mem
ories of Thatcher’s decisive leadership during the Falklands conflict helped give her
a landslide victory in the general elections of June 1983.
5. Throughout her terms Thatcher pursued the policies that earned her the appella
tion of «Iron Lady»: strict dominance over the ministers of her cabinet; pursuance
of a strong monetarist policy; increased subjection of trade unions to legal con
straints; and «privatisation» of stateowned enterprises.
6. In her later years she extended her «Thatcher revolution» from the economics of finance
and industry into new areas of social policy, through the further privatisation of educa
tion, health care, and housing. She affirmed Britain’s strong commitment to NATO
and Britain’s independent nuclear deterrent, a stance that proved popular with the elec
torate, given the Labour Party’s repudiation of Britain’s traditional nuclear and defence
policies. She also continued to support the retention of Northern Ireland within the
United Kingdom, although a terrorist bombing in Brighton, Sussex, in 1984, allegedly
the work of Irish separatists, nearly succeeded in killing her and several senior mem
bers of her administration. A split in Tory ranks over her policy regarding European mon
etary and political integration led to her resignation from party leadership late in 1990.
In 1990 Thatcher received the Order of Merit, and in 1992 she was made a baroness.
Задание 5.
A. Пересскажите текст.
This text is about …
5.B. Перескажите текст, используя следующие слова и выражения:
Politician – политик (не путать – policy политика, political — политический,
politics pl. — политика)
Woman – женщина, мн.ч. женщины women
the Oxford University Conservative Association – Консервативная Ассоциация
оксфордского университета
chemist химик
the bar – адвокатура (с определеным артиклем)
She first stood for Parliament – первое появление перед парламентом
«Iron Lady» – «Железная леди»
5.C. Составьте предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения:
Margaret Thatcher
Conservative politician
prime minister
first woman prime minister
in the 20th century
to win
consecutive terms
At the time of
resignation
since
to be educated at
the first woman president of
the Oxford University Conservative Association
as a research chemist
a prosperous businessman
also
to read
for the bar
to specialise in
tax law
it was unsuccessful
some time later
the appellation of "Iron Lady"
in the world
339
Раздел III. Английский язык для юристов
Unit 35. Sir Thomas More
Порядковые числительные
Порядковые числительные
Порядковые числительные 1, 2, 3 (the first, the second, the third) — корневые.
Порядковые числительные от 4 и выше образуются прибавлением th к соответ
ствующим количественным числительным. В многозначных числительных фор
му порядкового числительного принимает последняя цифра; например: З7ой —
the thirty seventh, l,374й — one thousand, three hundred and seventy fourth.
Перед порядковыми числительными ставится определенный артикль:
The second lesson begins at 11 o’clock. 2ой урок начинается в 11 часов.
He was the first to come.Он пришел первым.
Сокращенное написание порядковых числительных: 1st, 2nd ,3rd, 4th…
Проверочные тесты
Какие числительные можно поставить вместо выделенных:
1. Sir Thomas More (b. Feb. 7, 1477, London, Eng.— d. July 6, 1535, London; can
onised May 19, 1935; feast day June 22), humanist and statesman, chancellor of
England (1529—32).
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
2. Sir Thomas More was beheaded for refusing to accept King Henry VIII as head of
the Church of England.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
3. About 1494 his father brought More back to London to study the common law.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
4. In 1501 More became an «utter barrister,» a full member of the profession.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
5. More’s domestic idyll came to a brutal end in the summer of 1511 with the death,
perhaps in childbirth, of his wife.
— количественное
— порядковое
— собирательное
— дробное
6. More’s History of King Richard III, written in Latin and in English between about
1513 and 1518, is the first masterpiece of English historiography.
— количественное
— порядковое
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