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Ɋɨɦɚɧɫɤɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ
libra@ɞɪɭɝɢɟɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵɜɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɢµɜɟɫɵ¶libraFDPSDQDlibra
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ɝɪɟɱ
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ʋ ELVDFFLXP (UQRXW 0HLOOHW Ⱦɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
ELVDFFLXP@
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GUDSɢɫɩɩɨɪɬtrapoɫɪɥɚɬGUDSSXVµɫɭɤɧɨ¶>5(:ʋ
GUDSSXP+DOOʋȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣɧɟɬ@GUDSSXV
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ɫɤɨɟ ɫɪ ɢɦɟɧɚ ɫɨɛɫɬɜ Drappo Drappus Drappes Draponus
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ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦébdómaɝɪɟɱµɧɟɞɟɥɹ¶!ɜɟɥɶɨɬ\HGPDɢɬHGLPD
ɫɬɛɨɥɨɧHGHPD ɛɪɟɲ GHPD ɷɧɝɚɞ HPGD ɨɛɜɚɥɶɞ \DPQH ɝɚɪ
ɞɟɧen
ɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦHEGyPiGDɝɪɟɱµɧɟɞɟɥɹ¶! ɫɬɢɬGRPDGD
ɫɬɮɪGRPHHɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟɤɚɬGRPHU!ɤɚɦɩɢɞGRPHULɫɪɥɚɬ
KHEGǂPDVɝɪɟɱµɱɢɫɥɨɫɟɦɶɫɟɦɟɪɤɚɫɟɦɶɞɧɟɣ¶KHEGRPăGDµɬɨ
ɠɟ¶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɪɟɱɧɵɣ ɞɭɛɥɟɬ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɜɲɢɣɫɹ ɢɡ ɜɢɧ ɩɚɞɟɠɚ ɩɪɟ
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ɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɧɟɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɚɪɟɧɢɹ ɋɦ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɵɲɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ
VHSWLPiQD
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦNDPtVMDµɪɭɛɚɲɤɚ¶!ɪɭɦFăPDúăɜɟɥɶɨɬNDPDLVD
ɮɪɢɭɥƷDPH]HɫɬɬɪɟɜɢɡɫɬɩɚɞɭɚɧFDPHVD ɢɬFDPLFLDɷɧɝɚɞ
ƷDPLVFKDɮɪFKHPLVHɨɤɫɤɚɬɢɫɩɩɨɪɬFDPLVDɫɪɥɚɬFDPLVLD
µɧɢɠɧɹɹɪɭɛɚɲɤɚɫɨɪɨɱɤɚ¶ɪɟɞɤɨɟɢɩɨɡɞɧɟɟɫɥɨɜɨɤɟɥɶɬɫɤɨɝɨɢɥɢ
ɝɟɪɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜ ɝɥɨɫɫɚɯ ɭ ɂɟɪɨɧɢɦɚ
,9ɜ ɢ ɭɂɫɢɞɨɪɚ 9,ɜ >5(: ʋ (UQRXW 0HLOOHW
ȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣFDPLVLD@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ *NiWWX µɤɨɲɤɚ ɤɨɬ¶ NiWWDµɤɨɲɤɚ¶!ɢɬgatto
ɥɨɝɭɞbattuɷɧɝɚɞɮɪɢɭɥg҂atɮɪFKDWɨɤɫɤɚɬgatɢɫɩɩɨɪɬ
Ƚɥɚɜɚɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ
gatoɫɪɥɚɬcattusµɤɨɬ¶cattaµɤɨɲɤɚ¶3DOODG,9ɜɜɦɟɫɬɨfeles
ɫɨ,,ɜɧɷ>5(:ʋ(UQRXW0HLOOHWȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
cattacattusFƗWXV@cattaɭɆɚɪɰɢɚɥɚ , ɜɧɷɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ
ɩɬɢɰɭɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɬɪɹɫɨɝɭɡɤɭ>(UQRXW0HLOOHWS@ɥɚɬɫɢɧɨ
ɧɢɦɵµɤɨɲɤɚ¶felisµɤɨɬ¶cattusFƗWXVIHOLVPDV
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦNRUWtQDµɡɚɧɚɜɟɫ¶!ɢɬcortinaɮɪcourtineɫ;ɜ
ɨɤɫɤɚɬɢɫɩ!ɩɨɪɬcortinaɫɪɩɨɡɞɧɟɥɚɬcortinaµɩɨɤɪɵɜɚɥɨ
ɡɚɜɟɫɚ¶ 9XOJ$XJXVW (FFO ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɜɲɟɟɫɹ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ DXODHXP
YHOXPµɡɚɧɚɜɟɫ¶>5(:ʋ(UQRXW0HLOOHWcortina
ȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣFRUWƯQD@ɩɨɡɞɧɹɹɤɚɥɶɤɚɫɝɪɟɱĮȣȜĮȓĮɩɨɚɧɚɥɨ
ɝɢɢɫɤɥɚɫɥɚɬDXODHXPDXODHD
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ SOiQND µɞɨɫɤɚ¶ ! ɩɶɟɦ pyanka ɤɚɥɚɛɪ ɫɢɰɢɥ
kyankaɧɟɚɩ kyang
ɨɛɜɚɥɶɞ planka ɮɪɢɭɥSODQƷHɮɪSODQFKH
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µɞɨɫɤɚ¶3DOODG>5(:ʋ(UQRXW0HLOOHWplancus
plancaȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ planca@ ɫɭɛɫɬɚɧɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɟɜɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹSOiQNDWiEXOD
µɩɥɨɫɤɚɹɞɨɫɤɚ¶
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦSXOOLNpOODµɞɟɜɭɲɤɚ¶!ɫɬɦɢɥɚɧpolçellaponçella
ɨɛɜɚɥɶɞSXUãHOD ɜɚɥɟɧɫponcella ɮɪ pucelle! ɫɬɢɬ pulcella
ɨɤɫ SLX]HOD ! ɫɬɩɨɪɬ pucella ɫɬɤɚɬ puncella !ɫɬɢɫɩ
puncellaɫɪɥɚɬpullicella/H[6DO>5(:ʋ(UQRXW
0HLOOHWpulluspullicellaȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣɧɟɬ@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ SXOLNpҖQX µɰɵɩɥɟɧɨɤ¶ ! ɨɛɜɚɥɶɞ SOXåHLQ ɩɪɨɬɨ
ɪɨɦSXOLNtҘQXµɰɵɩɥɟɧɨɤ¶!ɢɬpulcinoɤɚɥɚɛɪpuGҖGҖLþLQXɤɪɟɦɨɧ
SXOH]HLQɥɨɝɭɞpuGҖGҖiginuɮɪpoussinɨɤɫSRO]LQɫɪɥɚɬpullicenus
µɩɬɟɧɟɰ ɰɵɩɥɟɧɨɤ¶ /DPSU ,,,²,9 ɜɜ >5(: ʋ
(UQRXW0HLOOHWpullusȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣSXOOLFƝQXV@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ
UDQNyUH µɡɥɨɩɚɦɹɬɫɬɜɨ¶ ! ɢɬ ɥɨɝɭɞ rancore
ɫɬɜɟɪɨɧ grancor ɮɪɢɭɥODQNRU ɫɬɮɪrancour rancuer ɨɤɫ
rancorrencorɪɭɷɪɝkranrurɤɚɬɫɬɢɫɩɩɨɪɬrancorɫɪɩɨɡɞ
ɧɟɥɚɬrancorUDQFǀULVµɫɬɚɪɚɹɧɟɩɪɢɹɡɧɶɡɥɨɩɚɦɹɬɧɨɫɬɶ¶ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚ
ɸɳɟɟɫɹɭɯɪɢɫɬɢɚɧɫɤɢɯɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ>5(:ʋȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
rancor@
Ɋɨɦɚɧɫɤɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦVHSWLPiQDµɧɟɞɟɥɹ¶!ɪɭɦVăSWăPLQăɢɬVHWWLPDQD
ɮɪɢɭɥVHWHPDQHɮɪVHPDLQH!ɢɫɩɩɨɪɬVHPDQDɨɤɫɤɚɬVHWPDQD
ɫɪɥɚɬVHSWLPDQDµɫɟɦɶɞɧɟɣɧɟɞɟɥɹ¶9XOJ&RGH[7KHRGRV(FFO
ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɨɜɨɫɨɱɟɬɚɧɢɹ VHSWLPDQD KHEGRPDV
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ʋ(UQRXW0HLOOHWVHSWHPVHSWLPDQDȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
VHSWLPDQD@ɫɦɜɵɲɟɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ*ébdómaHEGyPiGD
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦWtҘQDµɥɨɯɚɧɶ¶!ɥɨɝɭɞɷɧɝɚɞ tinaɮɪ tine ɨɤɫ
ɤɚɬɢɫɩ!ɩɨɪɬtinaɫɬɢɬtinaɦɧɱɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦWtҘQXµɱɚɧ
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tinelɤɚɬtinellɢɫɩtineloɩɨɪɬtinelloɢɞɪɫɪɥɚɬWƯQDµɫɨɫɭɞɞɥɹ
ɜɢɧɚ¶9DU,ɜɞɨɧɷ>5(:ʋtinaWLQXP+DOO
ʋ(UQRXW0HLOOHWtinaȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣtina@
,,ɉɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦEiVVXµɧɢɡɤɢɣ¶!ɢɬbassoɷɧɝɚɞɮɪɢɭɥɮɪɨɤɫ
basɫɪɥɚɬbassusµɧɢɡɤɢɣ¶ɪɢɦɫɤɨɟɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ%DVVXVµɬɨɥ
ɫɬɵɣɬɭɱɧɵɣ¶ ɩɨɡɞɧɟɥɚɬɢɧɫɤɨɟɩɪɢɥɚɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɨɫɤ
ɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɝɥɨɫɫɚɯɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɸɬɫɹ bassulus bassilitas
ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɮɥɟɤɫɵ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɩɪɨɬɨɬɢɩ EDVVMiUH ɧɚɪɹɞɭ
ɫDOWMiUH>5(:ʋbassus+DOOʋ(UQRXW
0HLOOHWbassusȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ%DVVXVɢɦɹɫɨɛɫɬɜ@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ*grássuµɬɨɥɫɬɵɣɠɢɪɧɵɣ¶!ɪɭɦgrasɢɬgrasso
ɥɨɝrassuɷɧɝɚɞɮɪɢɭɥɮɪɨɤɫɤɚɬgrasɢɫɩgrasoɩɨɪɬJUD[R
ɩɢɤɚɪɞɜɚɥɥɨɧ kra ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɨɟɮɪgrasseyerµɤɚɪɬɚɜɢɬɶ¶ɩɪɨ
ɬɨɪɨɦJUyVVX µɬɨɥɫɬɵɣ ɝɪɭɛɵɣ¶ ! ɪɭɦ grosɢɬgrosso ɷɧɝɚɞ
grosɮɪɢɭɥ grues ɮɪ ɨɤɫ ɤɚɬgros ɢɫɩ grueso ɩɨɪɬgrosso
ɫɪɩɨɡɞɧɟɥɚɬgrossusµɬɨɥɫɬɵɣɝɪɭɛɵɣ¶ɫ,ɜɧɷ&ROXP9XOJ
(FFOɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɤɚɤɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɥɚɬcrassusµɬɨɥɫɬɵɣɩɥɨɬɧɵɣ
ɝɭɫɬɨɣ¶ɫɦɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɦ*gróssuɥɚɬcrassusɞɚɟɬ ɪɨɦ*grássu
>5(: ʋ +DOO ʋ (UQRXW 0HLOOHW
crassusgrossusȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣcrassusgrossus@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ *pisínnu SLWVtQQX µɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ¶ ! ɫɬɥɨɝɭɞ
SLWKLQQX ɧɥɨɝɭɞ ɝɚɥɥɭɪ pitsinnu ɬɚɪɚɧɬ SLþþLQQX StҘNN
µɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ¶ɪɭɦSXĠLQS~ҖWXµɦɚɥɵɲ¶ɢɫɩSHTXxɫRɩɨɪɬ
Ƚɥɚɜɚɋɥɨɜɚɪɶ
pequeno SpN µɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ¶ ɫɪ ɥɚɬ pisinnus µɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ¶
0DUFHO 3HUHJ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ pisinnus pisinna µɦɚɥɶɱɢɤ
ɞɟɜɨɱɤɚ¶$SS3USXVLOOXVQRQ SLVLQQXVȼɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɞɟɬɫɤɨɟɫɥɨɜɨ
ɬɢɩɚpipinapituluspitinnuspususpusillus>(UQRXW0HLOOHW@
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦparvusµɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɣ¶ɜɷɩɨɯɭȺɜɝɭɫɬɚ>5(:ʋ
SLW]LQQXV ʋ (UQRXW 0HLOOHW pisinnus pitinnus
Ⱦɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣɧɟɬ@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ*pláttu µɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ¶! ɚɪɭɦ SODWă ɢɬ piatto ɥɨɝɭɞ
piattuɷɧɝɚɞɮɪɢɭɥɮɪɨɤɫɤɚɬplatɢɫɩɩɨɪɬFKDWRɫɪɥɚɬ
planusµɩɥɨɫɤɢɣɪɨɜɧɵɣ¶>5(:ʋplattus+DOO
ʋ (UQRXW 0HLOOHW planus plattus Ⱦɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
planus@ ɫɥɨɜɨ ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɡ ɝɪɟɱ ʌȜĮIJȪȢ
µɩɥɨɫɤɢɣ¶
,,,Ƚɥɚɝɨɥɵ
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ EiWWHUH µɛɢɬɶ¶ ! ɪɭɦ bate ɢɬ battere ɤɚɦɩɢɞ
battiri ɷɧɝɚɞ batre ɮɪɢɭɥ EiWL ɮɪ battre ɨɤɫ ɤɚɬ batre ɢɫɩ
batirɩɨɪɬbaterɫɪɥɚɬbattuereµɛɢɬɶ¶3ODXWɷɬɨɫɥɨɜɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɨ
ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɉɥɚɜɬɚɪɟɞɤɨɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹɜɬɟɤɫɬɚɯɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɪɟɱɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɦ >5(: ʋ battuere+DOO
EiWWHUH (UQRXW 0HLOOHW battuo Ⱦɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ
battuoEƗWXR@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ NDUULNiUH µɧɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ¶ ! ɢɬ FDULFDUH
ɷɧɝɚɞ
ƷDUƧHU ɮɪɢɭɥƷDULD ɮɪ FKDUJHUɨɤɫ cargar ɤɚɬcarregar ɢɫɩ
cargarɩɨɪɬcarregar ɫɪ ɥɚɬcarricare µɧɚɝɪɭɠɚɬɶ¶ >5(:
ʋ carricare +DOO (UQRXW 0HLOOHW carrus
Ⱦɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣ carrusFDUUXP FDUUXFKDɤɟɥɶɬ@ɞɪɭɝɢɟɥɚɬ
ɫɢɧɨɧɢɦɵonerareLPSRQHUHsarcinare
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ NLUNiUH µɨɤɪɭɠɚɬɶ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ¶ ! ɪɭɦ cerca µɢɫɤɚɬɶ
ɢɞɪ¶ɢɬcercareɫɬɦɢɥɚɧcercarɜɟɧɟɰɩɚɞɭɚɧtserkarɫɢɰɢɥ
þLUNDULODWHVWDɥɨɝɭɞkircareµɢɫɤɚɬɶ¶ɷɧɝɚɞþHUƷHUɬɢɪɨɥƷDUƷp
ɫɬɮɪFKHUFKLHUɨɤɫɤɚɬcercarɢɫɩɩɨɪɬcercarɫɪɥɚɬcircare
µɨɤɪɭɠɚɬɶ¶ɨɬɵɦɟɧɧɨɣɝɥɚɝɨɥɨɬNtUNXµɤɪɭɝ¶ɝɪɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɨɢɫ
ɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹɡɚɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɜɩɨɡɞɧɟɣɥɚɬɵɧɢɤɚɤɫɢɧɨɧɢɦ
FLUFXPLUHɢquaerereµɢɫɤɚɬɶ¶ɢɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɣɫɹɜɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɚɯ
Ɋɨɦɚɧɫɤɚɹɥɟɤɫɢɤɚ
>5(:ʋcircare+DOO(UQRXW0HLOOHW
circoȾɜɨɪɟɰɤɢɣcircoFLUFXPHR@
ɉɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ WRNNiUH µɛɢɬɶ ɤɚɫɚɬɶɫɹ¶ ! ɪɭɦ toca µɫɬɭɱɚɬɶ
ɢɞɪ¶ɢɬtoccareɥɨɝɭɞtokkareɮɪɢɭɥWRNiɮɪ WXFKLHU WXFKHU
WRXFKHUɨɤɫ tocarɤɚɬ tocarɢɫɩ ɩɨɪɬtocar µɛɢɬɶ ɢɞɪ¶ ɩɪɨ
ɬɨɪɨɦWRNNiUHɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɟɬɫɹɜɦɟɫɬɨɥɚɬtangereɫɪɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦ
WRN µɤɚɫɚɧɢɟ ɭɞɚɪ¶ɨɧɨɦɚɬɨɩɟɹ! ɮɪ toc IDLUH WRF µɫɬɭɤɧɭɬɶ¶
ɨɤɫɤɚɬtocµɭɞɚɪɤɨɥɨɤɨɥɚ¶ɢɬɚɥLOWRFFRµɛɨɣɱɚɫɨɜ¶>5(:
ʋtokȻɭɪɫɶɟ(UQRXW0HLOOHWtangoȾɜɨɪɟɰ
ɤɢɣtango@
Ƚɥɚɜɚ
ɌȿɄɋɌ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
ɂɫɬɨɪɢɹ
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɵ
ɢɞɟɢɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯɭɱɟɧɵɯ
Ⱥɜɝɭɫɬɒɥɟɣɯɟɪɉɟɪɜɚɹɩɨɩɵɬɤɚɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɨɬɨɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɛɵɥɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɹɬɚ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦ ɥɢɧɝɜɢɫɬɨɦ Ⱥɜɝɭɫɬɨɦ ɒɥɟɣɯɟɪɨɦ
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɜɲɢɦɜɟɝɝ;,;ɜɛɚɫɧɸ©Ɉɜɰɚɢɤɨɧɢªɧɚɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨ;,;ɜɛɚɫɧɸ©Ɉɜɰɚɢɤɨɧɢªɧɚɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨɜɛɚɫɧɸ©Ɉɜɰɚɢɤɨɧɢªɧɚɢɧɞɨɟɜɪɨ
ɩɟɣɫɤɨɦɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɟ>6FOHLFKHU@ɏɨɬɹɒɥɟɣɯɟɪɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɩɭ6FOHLFKHU@ɏɨɬɹɒɥɟɣɯɟɪɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɩɭ@ɏɨɬɹɒɥɟɣɯɟɪɧɟɫɱɢɬɚɥɨɩɭ
ɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɫɬɪɨɝɨɧɚɭɱɧɵɦɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦɟɝɨɛɚɫɧɹɧɟɛɵɥɚ
ɡɚɛɵɬɚɈɧɚɦɧɨɝɨɤɪɚɬɧɨɩɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɥɚɫɶɢɦɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɥɚɫɶ
ɜɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟɝɨɞɵɜɫɜɟɬɟɧɨɜɵɯɞɚɧɧɵɯɏɏɢɪɬɂɉɅɟɦɚɧɧ
ɢ ɅɁɝɭɫɬɚ ȾɄɜ Ⱥɞɚɦɫ ɎɄɨɪɬɥɚɧɞ ɊɅɸɪ ɫɬɚɜ ɭɞɨɛɧɵɦ
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦɞɥɹɞɟɦɨɧɫɬɪɚɰɢɢɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɣɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɢɫɬɢɤɢ
ȼɆɂɥɥɢɱɋɜɢɬɵɱȾɪɭɝɨɣɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɵɣɨɩɵɬɬɚɤɨɝɨɪɨɞɚ²
ɱɟɬɜɟɪɨɫɬɢɲɢɟ©əɡɵɤ ²ɷɬɨɛɪɨɞɱɟɪɟɡ ɪɟɤɭ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢªɧɚɧɨɫɬ
ɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɟɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɟ ɜ ɫɟɪɟɞɢɧɟXX ɜ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɢɦ
ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɢɜɢɫɬɨɦɢɨɩɭɛɥɢɤɨɜɚɧɧɨɟɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɷɩɢɝɪɚɮɚ ɜɨɞɧɨɦɢɡ
ɟɝɨɬɪɭɞɨɜ>ɂɥɥɢɱɋɜɢɬɵɱ@
Ɋɨɛɟɪɬ ɏɨɥɥ ȼ ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɨɡɧɚɧɢɢ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤ
ɰɢɸ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɤɚɤ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɢɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɪɨɰɟɞɭɪɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ
ɜ²ɟɝɝɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣɪɨɦɚɧɢɫɬɊɨɛɟɪɬȺɏɨɥɥɩɟɪɟ
ɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɣɤɥɹɬɜɭ Ʌɸɞɨɜɢɤɚ Ȼɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɨɝɨ ɢɡ ©ɋɬɪɚɫɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɫɹɝª ɝ ɧɚ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɟɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɟ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶ
ɧɵɟɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɩɪɚɹɡɤɚɫɦɢɫɨɱɢɧɢɜɲɢɣɛɚɫɧɸ
©Ɏɟɪɦɚ ɠɢɜɨɬɧɵɯª ɩɨ ɦɨɬɢɜɚɦ ©$QLPDO )DUPª Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ Ɉɪɭ$QLPDO )DUPª Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ Ɉɪɭ )DUPª Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ Ɉɪɭ)DUPª Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ Ɉɪɭª Ⱦɠɨɪɞɠɚ Ɉɪɭ
ɷɥɥɚɝɧɚɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɦɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɟɫɦ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɵɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ
Ƚɟɧɪɢɯ Ʌɚɭɫɛɟɪɝ ɇɟɦɟɰɤɢɣ ɪɨɦɚɧɢɫɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥ ɩɪɢɟɦ
©ɪɟɬɪɨɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢª ɜ ɫɢɧɬɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɨɪɮɨɥɨɝɢɢ
>/DXVEHUJ²@ ɜɩɨɥɧɟɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦɵɣ ɤɚɤ ɢɞɟɹɧɚ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ
ɫɢɧɬɚɤɫɢɫɚɢɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɁɞɪɚɜɤɨȻɚɰɚɪɨɜȻɨɥɝɚɪɫɤɢɣ ɥɸɛɢɬɟɥɶ ɜɭɥɶɝɚɪɧɨɣ ɥɚɬɵɧɢ
ɢɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɹɡɵɤɨɜɜɧɚɱɚɥɟɯɝɝɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɭɩɨɦɹɧɭɬɭɸɜɵɲɟ
ɤɥɹɬɜɭɅɸɞɨɜɢɤɚɧɚ©ɩɨɡɞɧɸɸª ɥɚɬɵɧɶ ɫɦɷɬɭ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɸ
ɜ
Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɤɚ
ȼ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ
ɧɚ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ²
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ² ɡɚ
ɨɫɧɨɜɭɜɡɹɬɚɤɥɹɬɜɚɅɸɞɨɜɢɤɚȻɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɨɝɨɢɡ©ɋɬɪɚɫɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɯ
ɩɪɢɫɹɝªɢɞɟɹ ɊȺɏɨɥɥɚɫɦ Ⱦɥɹɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɬɨ
ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɨɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɪɟɜ
ɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ ɩɪɢ
ɩɨɦɨɳɢ©ɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɢªɢɞɟɹȽɅɚɭɫɛɟɪɝɚɫɦɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɧɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɵɹɡɵɤɢɫɨɫɟɞɧɢɯɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɨɛɥɚɫɬɟɣɫɢɧɯɪɨɧ
ɧɵɟɩɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭ©ɚɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹªɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɨɞɧɨɝɨɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɣɢɥɢɧɚɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɵɹɡɵɤɢɩɪɟɞɲɟɫɬɜɭ
ɸɳɢɟɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɦɭɬɟɤɫɬɭɜɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ©ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹªɢɥɢ
©ɪɟɬɪɨɩɪɨɟɤɰɢɹªɬɟɤɫɬɚɨɞɧɨɝɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɢɧɚɞɪɭɝɨɟɛɨɥɟɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ
Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɣɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣɬɟɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚ
ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢɚɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɯ
ɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɢ ɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚɯ ɫɪɟɞɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɢɛɟɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ
ɝɚɥɥɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɪɟɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɢɬɚɥɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɛɚɥɤɚɧɨɪɨɦɚɧ
ɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɫɚɪɞɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɫ IX ɜ
ɫɦɩɪɢɦɛɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɪɨɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɩɨɫɨɫɬɨ
ɹɧɢɸɧɚɩɟɪɢɨɞIII²Iɜɜɞɨɧɷ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɉɞɢɚɥɟɤɬɚɯɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɚ ɫɦ
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɛɪɢɬɚɧɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɢɚɮɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚɦɢ
ɧɟɫɬɚɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɬɚɤɤɚɤɜɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟɜɪɟɦɹ ɦɵ ɧɟɪɚɫɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɦɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢ
ɦɵɦɢɢɫɯɨɞɧɵɦɢɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɤɨɧ
ɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɵɯ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜɧɚ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ ɢɧɞɨ
ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɯɧɨɫɬɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯɫɥɚɜɹɧɫɤɢɯɤɟɥɶɬɫɤɢɯɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɯɢ ɞɪ
ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ >6FOHLFKHU Hall ɂɜɚɧɨɜ Ɍɨɩɨɪɨɜ
ɂɥɥɢɱɋɜɢɬɵɱ ɂɜɚɧɨɜ ɉɚɪɢɧɚ @ Ɋɟɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɩɪɚɹɡɵɤɨɜɢɟɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɟɩɪɟɞɟɥɵɨɛɫɭɠɞɚɸɬɫɹɧɚɩɪɢ
ɦɟɪɜ>Hallɇɟɪɨɡɧɚɤ@
ȽɥɚɜɚɌɟɤɫɬ
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
Ɉɛɳɢɟɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ
Ɉɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɬɟɤɫɬɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɢɫɯɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɞɥɹ
ɪɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢɜ ɷɬɨɣɝɥɚɜɟ² ɪɨɦɚɧɨɹɡɵɱɧɚɹɤɥɹɬɜɚɅɸɞɨɜɢɤɚ
Ȼɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɨɝɨɢɡɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɫɨɱɢɧɟɧɢɹɇɢɬɯɚɪɞɚ©Ɉɪɚɡɞɨɪɚɯ
ɫɵɧɨɜɟɣɅɸɞɨɜɢɤɚȻɥɚɝɨɱɟɫɬɢɜɨɝɨªɚɢɦɟɧɧɨɢɡɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɚɧɚɡɵ
ɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ©ɋɬɪɚɫɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɦɢɩɪɢɫɹɝɚɦɢª©6HUPHQWVGH 6WUDVERXUJª
ɢɞɚɬɢɪɭɟɦɨɝɨɝɈɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɣɬɟɤɫɬɧɚɫɟɜɟɪɧɨɦɝɚɥɥɨɪɨɦɚɧ
ɫɤɨɦɹɡɵɤɟɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦɫɦɬɚɤɠɟ
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ɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹɫɷɬɨɝɨɞɧɹɜɩɪɟɞɶɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨȻɨɝɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶɢɜɥɚɫɬɶ
ɦɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɞɚɥ ɬɚɤ ɫɩɚɫɭ ɹ ɷɬɨɝɨɦɨɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɚ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ɢ ɜ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ
ɢɜɤɚɠɞɨɦɞɟɥɟɤɚɤɫɜɨɟɝɨɛɪɚɬɚɫɩɚɫɚɬɶɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɟɦɱɬɨɛɵɨɧ
ɦɧɟɬɚɤɠɟɞɟɥɚɥɢɫɅɨɬɚɪɟɦɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɧɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɭɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ
ɩɨɦɨɟɣɜɨɥɟɷɬɨɦɭɦɨɟɦɭɛɪɚɬɭɄɚɪɥɭɜɭɳɟɪɛɛɵɥɛɵ
ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟɉɪɨɱɢɟ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɵ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɚ ɧɚ ɪɭɫɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤɢɧɚ
ɞɪɭɝɢɟɹɡɵɤɢɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯɩɚɪɚɝɪɚɮɚɯɢɩɭɧɤɬɚɯɗɬɢɩɟɪɟ
ɜɨɞɵɧɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶɤɚɤɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟɈɧɢɩɪɢɡɜɚɧɵɜɫɟɝɨ
Ɋɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
ɥɢɲɶ ɩɨɦɨɱɶ ɜ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɢ ɫɦɵɫɥɚɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ
ɚɩɨɬɨɦɭɧɨɫɹɬ ɜɫɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɋɚɦɢɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɪɨɦɚɧ
ɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵɞɚɸɬɫɹɜɮɨɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɮɨɧɟɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɬɪɚɧɫɤɪɢɩɰɢɢ
ɂɛɟɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɟɬɟɤɫɬɵ
,Ʉɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɵɣɢɛɟɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ,;ɜ
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ɜɨɬɥɢɱɢɟɨɬɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɝɨɫɦ,,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɮɨɧɟɬɢ,,ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɮɨɧɟɬɢɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟɮɨɧɟɬɢ
ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɝɨɥɟɧɢɰɢɟɣɬɟɨɡɜɨɧɱɟɧɢɹɝɥɭɯɢɯɫɨɝɥɚɫ
ɧɵɯɢɩɪɢɞɵɯɚɧɢɹɭɡɜɨɧɤɢɯɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯɊɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɤɨɧɫɟɪɜɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ
ɢɛɟɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ ,;ɜɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɚɊȺɏɨɥɥɨɦ>+DOO
S@ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɚɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɫɦɜ
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟȼɨɬɥɢɱɢɟ ɨɬ ɩɪɟɞɵɞɭɳɟɝɨ I ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɧɨɨɡɜɨɧɱɟɧɢɟɝɥɭɯɢɯɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯɢɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɩɪɢɞɵɯɚ
ɧɢɹɭɡɜɨɧɤɢɯɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵɯɮɨɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟɥɟɧɢɰɢɟɣ
ɊɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɨɝɨɢɛɟɪɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚIXɜɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚ
ɊȺɏɨɥɥɨɦ>HallS²@ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɫɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤ
ɫɦɜ
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ȽɥɚɜɚɌɟɤɫɬ
Ƚɚɥɥɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬ
ɋɬɚɪɨɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɣɹɡɵɤɰɟɧɬɪɚɎɪɚɧɰɢɢ,;ɜ
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ɉɪɢɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ Ɋɟɤɨɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɝɚɥɥɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɚ IX ɜ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɚɊȺɏɨɥɥɨɦ>+DOOS@ɋɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟ+DOOS@ɋɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟS@ɋɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟS@ɋɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟ@ɋɦɬɚɤɠɟɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟɢɫɫɥɟ
ɞɨɜɚɧɢɟɩɨɫɜɹɳɟɧɧɨɟɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɢɦɮɪɚɧɰɭɡɫɤɢɦɬɟɤɫɬɚɦ>3RHUFN@
Ɋɟɬɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɢɣɬɟɤɫɬ
Ɏɪɢɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɜɨɞ «ɋɬɪɚɫɛɭɪɝɫɤɢɯ ɤɥɹɬɜª(1740ɝ)
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ɨɛɳɟɝɨɫɩɚɫɟɧɢɹɫɷɬɨɝɨɞɧɹɜɩɪɟɞɶɧɚɫɤɨɥɶɤɨȻɨɝɦɧɟɞɚɫɬɦɭɞɪɨɫɬɶ
ɢ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ ɹ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɭ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɦɨɟɝɨ ɛɪɚɬɚ Ʉɚɪɥɚ ɢ ɹ ɩɨɦɨɝɭ ɟɦɭ
ɜɥɸɛɨɦɞɟɥɟɤɚɤɞɨɥɠɧɨɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɬɶɫɜɨɟɝɨɛɪɚɬɚɬɚɤɠɟɤɚɤ
ɤɬɨɧɢɛɭɞɶɞɪɭɝɨɣɫɞɟɥɚɥɛɵɞɥɹɦɟɧɹ ɢ ɫɅɨɬɚɪɟɦɧɟɡɚɤɥɸɱɭ
ɧɢɤɚɤɨɝɨɞɨɝɨɜɨɪɚɤɨɬɨɪɵɣɩɨɦɨɟɣɜɨɥɟɷɬɨɦɭɦɨɟɦɭɛɪɚɬɭɄɚɪɥɭ
ɛɵɥɛɵɜɭɳɟɪɛɫɪɩɟɪɟɜɨɞɜ
Ɏɪɢɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɬɟɤɫɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨ >Hall S ²@
ɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɧɚ ɮɪɢɭɥɶɫɤɢɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɫɞɟɥɚɧ ɜXVIII ɜɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɟɦɷɬɨɝɨ
ɹɡɵɤɚɈɡɧɚɤɨɦɢɜɲɢɫɶɫɨɪɢɝɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɦɬɟɤɫɬɨɦɤɥɹɬɜɵɅɸɞɨɜɢɤɚ
ɫɦɢɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɭɞɢɜɢɜɲɢɫɶɛɥɢɡɨɫɬɢɝɚɥɥɨɪɨɦɚɧɫɤɨɝɨɬɟɤ
ɫɬɚɪɨɞɧɨɣɟɦɭɮɨɪɦɟɪɟɱɢɨɧɩɟɪɟɜɟɥɬɟɤɫɬɉɟɪɟɜɨɞɱɢɤɩɪɟɞ
ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɟɤɬɨ Ⱦɠɚɧ Ⱦɠɭɡɟɩɩɟ Ʌɢɪɭɬɢ ² Gian *LXVHSSH
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