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Файл:Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография
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3.1. Словообразовательное гнездо как базовая концептуально-когнитивная схема...
, brain, , : brain-damaged – (. ),
brainy – , brainish, brainless – .
to brain ( ), N V, ,
- . ,
brain « ».
, , , ().
, ,
, ,
, , , . , brain : , , , , (. 3. 3).
, , ,
[, 2004: 27]. - - , . , ,
: , , , , .
, brain 6 :
OBJ BE PART OF OBJ soma (brainstem);
ACTOR USE AS INSTRUMENT OBJsoma (brainworker);
QUALITY ABSENCE OF OBJsoma (brainless)
QUALITY BE SUPPLIED WITH OBJsoma (brained)
CONDITION CHARACTERISTIC FOR OBJsoma brain-
dead, brain-fag)
OPERATION BE AIMED AT OBJsoma to brain)
141
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
,
, : , , , , , , , , ,
. . , , ,
, .
,
-
, , -, - . -
.
-
.
,
« ,
» [, 2002: 120].
142
3.2.
,
, .
, , . . , . . ,
. . , . . , . . , . . , . . , . . .
,
,
,
, , ,
.
,
, , .
. . , «
,
,
» [, 2008: 8].
, - . , , , , .
143
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
151 ( 6%) -
:
-age (footage, heartage);
-ability (headability);
-able (heartable, mouthable);
-ed (bodied, brained, faced, ngered, footed, haired, handed, headed,
hearted, mouthed, necked, nosed, skinned, tongued, toothed);
-er (facer, ngerer, footer, hander, kneeler, mouther, necker, noser,
skinner, tonguer, toother);
-et (facet);
-ful ( f. full, n) (armful, earful, eyeful, ngerful, handful, heedful,
mouthful, toothful);
-hood (bodihood);
-ing ( ngering, footing, heading, legging mouthing, necking, nosing,
skinning, toothing);
-ish (brainish, eyeish);
-ial (facial);
-less (armless, bodiless, brainless, earless, faceless, ngerless, footless,
hairless, handless, headless, heartless, legless, mouthless, neckless,
noseless, skinless, tongueless, toothless);
-let (armlet, eyelet, heartlet, leglet, necklet, tonguelet, toothlet);
-like (armlike, earlike, eyelike, ngerlike, footlike, hairlike, kneelike,
leglike, mouthlike, necklike, skinlike, tonguelike, toothlike;
-ling ( ngerling, footling, noseling);
-some (handsome, toothsome);
-ward (brainward);
-ster (tonguester);
-y / ie (brainy, ngery, footy, footsie, hairy, handy, heady, hearty,
kneesie, leggy, mouthy, nosy, skinny, tonguey, toothy)
101 ( 4 %)
combining forms:
a- (afoot, ahead)
144
3.2. Структурная характеристика отсоматических производных
about- (aboutface)
afore- (aforehand)
anti- (antibody)
a er- (a erbrain)
back- (backhand)
bio- (bioarm)
before- (beforehand)
behind- (behindhand)
fore- (forebrain, foreface, fore nger, forefoot, forehand, foreleg,
foreskin)
inter- (interface)
mid- (midbrain)
o - (o and)
out-of- (out-of-body)
over- (overarm, overhand)
pro- (proface, proleg)
pseudo- (pseudoheart)
super- (superbrain)
un- (unarm, unbody, unface, unhair, unhand, unhead, unheart,
untooth)
uni- (unibody, uniface)
under- (underbody, underfoot, underhair, underhand)
up- (uphand)
. 88,8 % (2244 .)
, :
1. arm – 64 (armache, armguard, armload, arm’s-length,
arm-twisting, arm-wrestling, etc.);
2. body 73 bodyboard, body-build, body-centred, body-
guard, body-hugging, body-in-white, body-search, body-shirt, bodycheck,
bodypaint, body-shell, blackbody, busybody, dogsbody, homebody, mindbody, etc.);
145
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
3. brain 78 (brain-damaged, brain-burned, brain-dead,
brain-drain, brain-picking, brain-sick, brain-teaser, brain-tire, brain-twister, brain-wor-ker, brain-box, brainchild, brainpower, etc.);
4. ear 91 (ear-bored, ear-grabbing, ear-minded, ear-pierc-
er, ear-shaped, ear-splitting, ear-tag , ear-witness, earbash, earbuds, etc.);
5. eye – 204 (eye-catcher, eye-minded, eye-service, eyeblack,
eyedrop, eyemark, eyestone, eyetie, eyewitness, bigeye, bullseye, cockeye,
deadeye, sheye, grayeye, greeneye, etc.);
6. face 73 (face-li , face-saver, face-plate, facemail, face-
value, facework, babyface, blackface, dogface, full-face, etc.);
7. nger 99 ( nger-berry, ngerdry, nger- sh, ngerpaint,
nger-print, nger-spell, ngerbreadth, ngermark, color nger, fat- nger,
sh- nger, gold nger, star nger, etc.);
8. foot 189 (foot-acre, foot-candle, foot-dragging, foot-ton,
footboy, footfault, foothill, Bigfoot, blackfoot, catsfoot, dryfoot, swi foot,
two-foot, whitefoot, etc.);
9. hair 78 (hairsbreadth, hair-raiser, hairline, longhair,
shorthair, wirehair, horsehair, camelhair, etc.);
10. hand 301 (handwriting, hairbird, hairdo, andmaid,
handspike, handmade, hand-play, hand-running, handcra , handsale,
shorthand, rst-hand, second-hand, two-hand, etc.);
11. head 343 (headhouse, headcase, headcrash, headdress,
headline, headbang, headmaster, head-nurse, drowsihead, egghead, redhead, horse-head, shorthead, thickhead, etc.);
12. heart 164 (heart-rending, heart-throb, heart-water,
heart-whole, heartache, heartbreak, heartstring, earheart, greenheart, iceheart, lionheart, open-hearted, whiteheart, etc.);
13. knee 69 (knee-deep, knee-slapper, knee-wall, kneeboard,
kneeroom, thicknee, knock-knee, etc.);
14. leg 69 ( leg-bail, leg-pull, legm legwork, an, legshow,
leg-break, blue-leg, dead-leg, dogleg, milkleg, whiteleg, etc.);
15. mouth 82 (mouth- lling, mouth-made, mouthfeel, mouth-
wash, badmouth, bigmouth, loudmouth, poor-mouth, smallmouth, etc.)
16. neck – 65 (neckband, necklace, neck-deep, neckland,
blueneck, bullneck, gooseneck, littlrneck, redneck, longneck, etc.);
146
3.2. Структурная характеристика отсоматических производных
17. nose 70 (nose-dive, nosebag, nose-burner, nosegay,
hardnose, rednose, hooknose, etc.);
18. skin 84 (skin-deep, skinny-dip, skin-game, skin ick,
skinhead, skin-search, bullskin, calfskin, blueskin, deerskin, oilskin, redskin,
woolskin, wolfskin, etc.);
19. tongue 66 (tongue-tie, tongue ower, arrowtongue,
birdtongue, dog’s-tongue, earthtongue, ox-tongue, single-tongue, etc.);
20. tooth 65 (toothcomb, tooth-friendly, toothbill, Blu-
etooth, dogtooth, two-tooth, ne-tooth, etc.).
– 24 (1 %).
, - N V: to
arm; to body; to brain; to ear; to eye; to face; to nger; to foot; to hair;
to hand; to head; to heart; to knee; to leg; to mouth; to neck; to nose; to
skin; to tongue; to tooth. -
.
,
, , /
, , , .
(0,3 %):
handicap – (hand in cap)
handicapitation – (handicap + decapitation)
brainiac – (brain + maniac)
handicapitaion – (handicap + decapitation)
eyelyser – (eye + analyzer)
buttlegging – (butt (slang for cigarette) + bootlegging)
bitlegging – (bit + bootlegging)
digi-necker – (digital + rubbernecker)
, (. ).
147
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
, -
, : to arm-twist ( arm-twisting) – (
); to arm-wrestle ( arm-wrestling) – a trial
of strength in which two people sit opposite each other with one elbow
resting on a table, clasp each other’s hands, and try to force each other’s
arm down onto the table.
, (N1
):
:
a) :
(1) N1 + -age N2 (footage, heartage);
(2) N1 + -ability N2 (headability);
(3) N1 + -er N2 (facer, ngerer, footer, hander, kneeler,
mouther)
(4) N1 + -et N2 (facet);
(5) N1 + -hood N2 (bodihood);
(6) N1 + let N2 (armlet, eyelet, heartlet, leglet, necklet,
tonguelet)
(7) N1 + -ling N2 ( ngerling, footling, noseling);
(8) N1 + -ster N2 (tonguester);
)
(9) N1 + -able Adj (heartable, mouthable);
(10) N1 + -ed Adj. (bodied, brained, faced, ngered, footed)
(11) N1 + -ful Adj. (armful, earful, eyeful, ngerful, handful,
mouthful);
(12) N1 + -ish Adj (brainish);
(13) N1 + -al Adj (facial);
(14) N1 + -less Adj (armless, bodiless, brainless, earless, faceless);
(15) N1 + -like Adj. (armlike, earlike, eyelike, ngerlike, footlike)
(16) N1 + -some
148
Adj (handsome, toothsome);
3.2. Структурная характеристика отсоматических производных
(17) N1 + -ward Adv (brainward);
(18) N1 + -y / ie Adj (brainy, ngery, footy, footsie, hairy, handy,
heady)
:
a) :
(1) anti- + N1 N2 (antibody)
(2) a er- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (a erbrain)
(3) back- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (backhand)
(4) bio- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (bioarm)
(5) fore- + N1 N2 (forearm, forebrain, fore-
face)
(6) inter- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (interface)
(7) mid- + N1 N2 (midbrain)
(8) over- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (overbody)
(9) pro- + N1 N2 (proleg)
(10) under-(comb. form) + N1 N2 (underbody, underfoot, un-
derhair)
(11) super- + N1 N2 (superbrain)
(12) uni- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (unibody, uniface)
(13) pseudo- (comb. form) + N1 N2 (pseudoheart)
)
(14) a- + N1 Adv or Pred. Adj
(afoot, ahead)
(15) afore- + N1 Adv or Pred. Adj (aforehand)
(16) before- +N1 Adv (beforehand)
(17) break- (comb. form) +N1 Adj (breakneck, breakback)
(18) behind- N1 Adv or Pred. Adj (behindhand)
(19) o - + N1 Adj. (o and)
(20) out-of- + N1 Adj. (out-of-body)
(21) over- (comb. form) + N1 Adj. (overarm)
(22) over- (comb. form) + N1 Adv. (overhead, overhand)
(23) under- + N1 Adj. or Adv. (underarm. underhand)
(24) up- + N1 Adj. (uphand)
:
(1) N1 V (to hand, to heart, to nger)
(2) N1 Adj (hand)
149
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
:
a) :
(1) N1 + N2 N3 (handspike, handbook)
(2) N2 + N1 N3 (homebody, waterbody)
(3) N2(possessive) + N1 N3 (sheep’s-eye, lady’s- nger, bird’s-foot)
(4) Adj. + N1 N2 (deadarm, deadhead, sti -arm,
black-body)
(5) Num + N1 N2 ( ve- nger, two-tooth)
(6) N1 + Ving N2 (arm-twisting, face-saving, head-
turning)
) :
(7) N1 + Ving Adj (ear-splitting, eye-beaming, eye-
deceiving)
(8) N1 + V V (to ear-bash, to face-harden, to
nger-dry)
(9) N1 + Adj Adj (handfree, footloose, footsure)
(10) N1 + PII Adj (handmade, body-centered, brain-
damaged)
(11) Num + N1 Adj ( rsthand, thirdhand, secondhand,
twohand)
:
Ncomp. + -er N (bodyboarder; bodysurfer; brainworker; ear-
basher; eyedropper; eyewinker; face-worker; ngerpicker; foot-worker;
foot-baller; headcounter);
Ncomp. + -ing N (bodysur ng, foot-balling);
Ncomp. + -er N (bodysurfer, foot-baller);
Adj + -ly Adv (
brainlessly, brainily, brainsickly, hairily, handlessly;
handsomely; headily);
Adj. + -ness N (braininess, brainlessness, eyedness, footedness,
hairlessness, hairiness, handedness, handiness, handsomeness; headiness);
, , :
150
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