Добавил:
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:

Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография

.pdf
Скачиваний:
0
Добавлен:
07.09.2026
Размер:
1 Мб
Скачать
☆
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
      , ,   ,     ­   .    «  –  »    ,           ­   » [, 2011: 76].
    . .   ,  «­        ­    ,    ,   ­    » [, 2011: 15]. ­,  «»         .  , ­     , , .         ­,         ­     , ,      ,   ­   ,     ­  ,   ,  ,         . ­    , ­ «   » [, 1997: 15]     «        . ,    –        ­ .   –   . ­     ,  ­,        –        » [, 1994: 17].  -        ­ ,            ­  [, 1994; , 2001: 13–14].
91
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
,          ,      ­, - , . .  ­                  .  ,   ,         – ,    (­   ).
 -   , ,  ­,   ,      .  ­        3 (brain)  32 (head)  ,   NShOxD.         ­  :
OE – Old English 1149
LOE – late Old English 1000–1149
ME – Middle English 1150–1349 or, in some contexts, 1469
LME – late Middle English 1350–1469
L15 – late   eenth century 1470–1499
E16 – early sixteenth century 1500–1529
M16 – mid sixteenth century 1530–1569…
[NShOxD, 1993: preface XVI].
-   , ­   ,    ­   ,  ­,          .
1. ARM 9    NShOxD)
              .       ,    .     ,   -
92
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
,    (body language). ,    –  , ,    –   ,   –      .     ,  – ,    .        .
       
    ,   .  «to be arm-in-arm»  «  ,   - »; «o er an arm»  «with open arms»    .     ­ : to arm –   ; arm-lock –     ; arm-twisting –  ,  (  ,  ;   )  .             .
 arm     -
      ,    –     .    ­   : , , ; - ,  (.   ).   ­  ,   ,    ,     ,     , ,    .
 ()        -
   .   ­   arm     .   VIII  arm      .   , ­        arm (   )     :      arm  «a narrow strip of water or land projecting from a larger body» ( ­    ,     ).      
93
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
  « » (arms of a tree), « ­,   » (arms of a road).
     ­    .         ­ arm   « (); , ;  ()»,       ­      .  arm  ­ « »    VII .     (on-line ED),  arm-chair ()      1630-   ­ arm, n + chair, n.  ,           , ­   ,    ­,             ,  ,  .     «  »:    ,     , ,      .
     arm ­    ,  ,   .
  arm    ,      -
,  .     arm,  ,    , 
,   «   »
1
.
2. BODY 20    NShOxD)
 body     ­ .       .
1
 ,     § 3.2,   -
    ,  ,      .
94
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
   body – «the material frame of peo­ple or animals; the whole material organism» (    ;   ).
 ey were huge round bodies – or, rather, heads – about four feet in
diameter, each body having in front of it a face (Wells, H. G.  e War Of
 e Worlds).
     ­ :  III    «   (  )».
Every living thing in the  rst place is composed of soul and body, of these the one is by nature the governor, the other the governed; now if we would know what is natural, we ought to search for it in those subjects in which nature appears most perfect, and not in those which are corrupted; we should therefore examine into a man who is most perfectly formed both in soul and body, in whom this is evident, for in the depraved and vicious the body seems to rule rather than the soul, on account of their being cor­rupt and contrary to nature (Aristotle. A Treatise on Government).
 ,       - ,            ,         III ,      .    ,     ,          .             , ­        ,         ­  .           ,  ­      body «, ».
      ­  body  «      (   ) – »,  
95
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
«, ,    ( ­ ,  , )»,           .  ,   «­»     «, ». ­     «».
   – body   
  ,    ­,  .      ,      –   . ( arm «» ­ ,    ,   ­.)            – body ( –    ,   ),         VI .
       ­      ­      :  ­  body      ; ; .   VI  body  ­   ,    «the whole body  led out of the auditorium»; «the student body»; «adminis­trative body».
 e same title has been bestowed on Venice, where absolute power over the great body of the people is exercised, in the most absolute manner, by a small body of hereditary nobles (Madison, J. Federalist Papers).
 “body image” ( )    1935,  “body language” ( ) –  1967,   ­    ,    .          , ,   , ­     ,   70-    «       ,      ­  » [.   , ,
96
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
2011: 92–93].  body        :      ,  ,  ,     ,    .  ­  body      ,       – poor body:
«One needs not to ask that of a poor body who has not known that
blessed refreshment sith that he was a boy.» (Twain, M. A Connecticut
Yankee.)
3. BRAIN 3    NShOxD)
   , , ,  .    (100000  )     ­ ,   ,  .   4   . .     «On the Sacred Disease» : «Men ought to know that from nothing else but the brain come joys, delights, laughter and sports, and sorrows, griefs, despondency, and lamentations» ( Francis Adams) (Hippocrates. On the Sacred Disease.)
 brain   ­           « ».     ­  ,     ,    .  ­    ,  ,   brain   « ­, , ; , ».
She knows it not, and it would overwhelm her and make despair just when we want all her hope, all her courage, when most we want all her great brain which is trained like man’s brain, but is of sweet woman and have a special power which the Count give her, and which he may not take away altogether, though he think not s (Stoker, B. Dracula).
It is only your brain that makes you superior to the banth, but your brain is bound by the limitations of your body (Burroughs, E. R.  e
Chessmen of Mars).
97
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
  I  brain     -
 « , “”, “”»:
 e accomplished Myssery… was in fact the brain of our corps (King-
sley, C.)
        -
   brain   ­ .      ­   ,   –     ,     ,        – , ,  .
4. EAR 10    NShOxD)
 ear   
     ,      .     ear    «the imagined organ of hearing of the mind, the heart, or other personi ed object» (He listened to their di culties with an impatient ear – T. H. White).     « »  « , »:
Stu ng the ears of men with false reports. I speak of peace while
covert enmity…(Shakespeare, W. King Henry IV, Part 2).
 at twang of the clock-spring was the  rst tiny cry of the newborn telephone <…> happily heard by a man whose ear had been trained to recognize the strange voice of the little newcomer (Casson, H. N.  e
History of the Telephone).
 V–VII          «», « », «,   ­ » (.).       ­: «»  « »,       «».
   ear – «, - , ».   ,   ­     «  »    ,     ­.      -
98
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
,    .    –    ­    :
«[ e President] wavers between the two positions, depending on who last had his ear» (Harsch, J. C.). [ : http://www.an- swers.com/topic/ear].
5. EYE 17    NShOxD)
      (­        ­).        .
 eye     OE  ­ « ».    «, , ».      « , , , , ».       , ­   ,        , , , .
  VII  eye    «, ­;     (-.)»,     .  ,     :  «  ­».
Do everything as in the eye of another (Seneca).
   ,     :
Her eyes are homes of silent prayer (Lord Tennyson, A. In Memoriam A. . H. canto 32, 1850) [ : http://www.answers.
com/topic/eyes-4].
A lover's eyes will gaze an eagle blind (Shakespeare. Love’s Labours
Lost, 1595).
 ey rape us with their eyes (French, M.  e Women’s Room).
         ­  : « » (   . « »  . « ». ,   ­,       
99
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
    .  ,     . « »  . « »  ,   ,       «»  ,   ­    .)   ­          – «, , »,    ­ «» (the eye of a minesha , the eye of a fox’s earth,), - ,        . ,    ,   «­    (  ); ,    ».  «», «»   VI .       eye  «,  (, )»,  ,   ,  ,        «»   .
,   VII–   eye  -
    , , ­, ,      «eye»    .     ­     .
   eye  «, »  «
»,      ­ ,    .      «»      : -
, , ,    ,   ­ [, 2002].
6. FACE 20    NShOxD)
,       ­    .    ­       ­ ,       , , ,   .   ,     ,    ,    , , ­,   . .
100
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]