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Файл:Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография
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2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
So I went to a tinsmith and had him make me a new leg out of tin
(Baum, L. F. e Wonderful Wizard of Oz).
«» : ( ) , , (L15); (.) (17); (.) (17); (.)
, , (19); (.) (20) . leg
« (); ( ); ()».
e race itself was a four-leg relay, presenting di erent tests and terrain
on each leg, with part of the challenge being to match runners’ strengths to
the demands of the course (Hudders eld Daily Examiner (Hudders eld,
England) Date: Nov 5, 2011).
leg – «
». «, , ()», leg .
15. MOUTH 17 NShOxD)
– , –
– , .
mouth «the opening in the head of a person or animal through which food is ingested and
vocal sounds emitted». «»:
Every day or two I strolled to the village to hear some of the gossip which is incessantly going on there, circulating either from mouth to
mouth, or from newspaper to newspaper… ( oreau, H. D. Walden & on
the Duty of Civil Disobedience).
mouth « » «,
, ».
« , »
111
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
: mouth « »,
« ». mouth «, “” (-)». XVII
mouth – «, , ».
mouth -
«, , ».
-
: « », «»:
In the course of her voyage she discovered the mouth of a large riv-
er… (Irving, W. Astoria or Anecdotes of an enterprise beyond the Rocky
Mountains).
She paused at the mouth of the cave and looked the wall over carefully
(London, J. White Fang).
: « », «, » (L16), (, , , ) ,
, .
16. NECK 8 NShOxD)
neck
, ,
. Neck M16–17. 16 neck «
».
«, , » (16).
In splendid condition, Bob's coat in the sunlight was a ame of re, his
arched neck a jeweled con agration (London, J. Burning Daylight).
Neck, , -
: (
19); – « » (to win by a neck –
).
«Iris was beaten by a short neck,» he said (Oppenheim, E. Ph. A Millionaire of Yesterday).
112
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
, -
, XIX
neck «, , »:
Who dares to have the neck to say what was best for other people?
(B. Ashley)
And then you have the sheer neck, the bloody e rontery to say you
think there’s more in life than I do (L. A. G. Strong) [
: http://www. answers. com/topic/neck].
:
() ; (); , , ,
(LME); (17); () (17), (18), , , , ,
.
17. NOSE 7 NShOxD)
nose
«
» . ME nose « » (trunk LME).
, , «, »:
It's o en obvious to the human nose that food has gone bad, and
now researchers are putting electronic noses to that task, too (Science New,
Date: Feb 19, 2000 );
, «, » : a keen nose for
absurdity ( ), «, ,
()» (L19).
XVIII nose
«, »:
He knew that CID men are allowed to drink on duty because much of
their time is spent with ‘noses’ or informants (R. Edwards) [
: http://www.answers.com/topic/nose].
– nose – «».
113
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
: , (, , ,
) ( LME); (;
; ; ) ( L16).
18. SKIN 9 NShOxD)
skin
« , ». fell « » « ». LOE skin
«
()», « ,
». skin « ,
». 16 skin «
», «, (, , )». 18 skin : «
»,
.
18 skin «, ».
Proper jobs I mean. Not nicking skins from blokes what are lit up (J.
Curtis) [ : http://www. answers. com/topic/skin].
19 skin – , .
skin : ( ); ;
ere are black skins, and there are non-violent skins... . Certainly,
many of the skins are thugs (Times 1981); [ : http://
www. answers. com/topic/skin];
skin «»
I got a buyer with about a hundred thousand dollars... a hundred
thousand skins (R. B. Parker) [ : http://www. an-
swers. com/topic/skin];
«, »:
e answer is to run at the same pressure as the standard tyres, as by
dropping the pressure any more than two pounds, you could cause sidewall
114
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
failure, even in the big American skins (Hot Car, 1977) [
: http://www. answers. com/topic/skin];
« »; « : «give some skin» – «-
» )»:
e viewer of TV sporting events will o en observe black athletes, and
whites now too, giving skin a er a home run, a touch-down, or at the start
of a basketball game (H. L. Foster). [ : http://www.
answers.com/topic/skin].
19. TONGUE 21 NShOxD)
, ,
: , . tongue ( )
. LME tongue «
». XV tongue – .
:
tongue « , »,
«, , , ».
.
Cathy is a su ciently good little scholar, for her nine years; her mother
taught her Spanish herself, and kept it always fresh upon her ear and her
tongue by hardly ever speaking with her in any other tongue; her father
was her English teacher, and talked with her in that language almost exclusively… (Twain, Mark. A Horse’sTale).
, , tongue «; , , ».
e Norman tongue was alone the speech in court and hall, Latin
alone was the speech of the learned (Marshall, H. E. English Literature For
Boys And Girls)
LME tongue « », « »:
Later on <…> it produced upon his adopted father, Claude, the e ect
of a child whose tongue is unloosed and who begins to speak. (Hugo, Victor.
Notre-Dame de Paris)
115
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
« -
, ».
«, » XVIII
, , . ,
. ,
, .
.
: « »
– . : « , ,
- », «
», « », « ».
e iron tongue of midnight hath told twelve (Shakespeare, William.
A Midsummer Night’s Dream).
XVI tongue – «, ,
. ». XIX tongue – « », –
«, ». XIX tongue , .
: « », « , » . XIX . tongue «
».
.
20. TOOTH 6 NShOxD)
tooth
« , ». , tooth, eating, biting den-
tist , .
.
ed-, «to eat», «to bite».
116
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
tooth dont- ( dent-), tanthuz, tōth.
LME tooth «, , ». 16
« ( the full force of a strong wind»).
e Arangi was beating out between the coral patches of the narrow
channel into the teeth of the brisk trade wind (London, J. Jerry of the
Islands).
, L: « , » (
, , , , , .).
But let us hold on here by this tooth, and look about us where we are
(Melville, H. Moby Dick LXVIII–CXXXIV).
tooth ( ;
) ( ).
XIX . tooth « , , ,
, .».
(teeth – ), , , .
« , , , , »:
e copyrighting of microcode really doesn’t seem to have a lot of teeth
(New Scientist).
tooth
« ».
,
:
1) ,
, , .
, ,
(«something which resembles a nger (eye,
ear, arm, hair, hand, heart, knee, leg, tongue, tooth»). -
117
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
, ,
« ?», , « , ?».
,
face brain. brain , ,
, -, , -,
– , ,
.
brain «, » « » .
– , . ,
, «», , .
, face «» «visible part or surface of a thing» «outward appearance».
2) (
): heart ,
(OE) «, ; , ».
, 16 : heart
«, ». head ( )
«, ; , ; , ».
body «material frame of people
or animals», « »,
«, , (
, , )». hand
118
2.3. Соматизм как единица номинации и производящая база дериватов
«»,
, - : , (,
); , (a portrait of the well-known hand); (17),
– .
XVIII hand ,
, (to be a bad hand at smth)
(He is known as a cool hand –
).
3) -
. leg -
,
leg (, ) «» (, , , , , , ,
). , heart -. ( – , – , , – ),
.
heart () «, ,
». ,
, , .
4)
: hair –
() (); knee – (), (LME); hand –
(), head – ().
, ,
, ,
, : face « » (),
119
Глава 2. Соматическая лексика в аспекте словообразовательной категоризации
muzzle snout , arm – « »,
ME « », paw (ME). ME nose « »
(trunk LME).
5) XVII-XIX ,
, ,
,
. Body .
XV head «, »,
hand «» (17), foot – « » (17); XVII eye « »; heart
( ) .
6)
, , ,
, ,
(body
; ; ; XVI body
, «the
whole body led out of the auditorium»; «the student body»; «administrative body»).
7) , (hair (ME), foot (OE), nger (LME), hand (M16) (18), head
(ME) (16); neck (E19),
,
. ,
(hand-
span, n. – the distance between the outstretched tips of the little nger
and thumb when used as a unit of measurement).
8)
(, . .)
120
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