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Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография

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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
bash – . . . , , -
;    ( );
  5)   (, , -
, , , ,   .) armful, armload –
; earreach –   ; earshot – -
,    ,    .);
  6)  (armpit – , underarm – 1) -
, 2)  );
  7)    (violet-ear – -
; etc.);
  8)  (cat’s-ear, elephant’s-ear – ; hare’s-
ear – (.) ; etc.);
  9)  ,  (brain-box, armpit, braincase,
brainpan, a erbrain –   (.), hindbrain – 
  ; ear ap –  ; underbody – -
   ,   ,  ngertip –
 , knee-joint –  ; etc.);
  10) ,  (brainpower – -
 , ; brain-trust – 1) « »,
 ,    - -
 2)  - ( -
,     )
    . . 
(Franklin Delano Roosevelt, 1882–1945); head-o ce – 
).
     ,       ,   ,    ,   ­               .        ­  .
         .
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Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
  
 ,  , ­  ,     (. . , . . , . . , . . , . .   .).      ­   .        , «   ­   ,        ,     ,          ­   » [, 1999: 3].
       -    .  ­  : N1 + -er N2: eyer, footer, hander, header, mouther, kneeler, necker, noser, toother, tonguer, tonguester.  ­    N1 + -ster N2 (tonguester). -   –er     ­  ,     , , ,    – .
     ­    : N1 + N2 N3 (brain-
worker); N2 + N1 N3 (featherbrain); Adj. + N1 N2 (lamebrain, black-face).
         . ,      ­  ,  ­       .         ­        .    - ,  ,    ,  ,   ­    ,    ,     .  ­      .   . ­,      
172
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
   – «»  «» (. . ). «»    ,  «   ...»,  «­» – ,  «,    , ­        » [, 1966: 351]. ­  ,     :  ,          ,      -    ,        .
     ­      : ­ - ,    (, , ,   .), ,   . .
         ­      :
 1) (toother – ,  -
    – bootlegger, skin-diver, legman);
 2) (thickhead – , ; addle-
head –  ; bonehead, bee ead – , -
;  (    );
   3) (bonghead, crackhead, hophead –
, juicy-head – );
   4) (blackfoot, redskin, redneck, redleg, pale-
face, whey-face);
 5) (hothead –  ,
sleepyhead –    , swellhead – -
 , big-head –    ; -
; hard-nose –    ).
 ,   ,    ,   ,             .                    .   
173
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
     .
 -,  ­  ,     ­        ­ .     ,      .
  ,  ,     head. , ,              .    , ­  ,  .    ­      , , ,         .       , ­     .
        .  ,    ­      ­,   , , , . .  ,      ­,        ,      , , ­,    ,   ­ ,     .  ­ ,      ­     ,  «»        ,  «»,    «»,  ­        ,    [, 1999: 105].
     ­    «  ». ,     «,  ­» (       ­ ): loggerhead, blockhead, thickhead, wooden-head,
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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
so head, bubblehead (Am.), bonehead, bee ead, cittern-head, fuckhead (vulg.), jolter-head, meathead, muddlehead, muttonhead, pudden-head,
shithead (vulg. sl.), thickhead, boo ead (n, Slang chie y Austral.), bub­blehead, airhead (. .), butthead (), addle-head, deadhead, dunderhead, giddy-head, grouthead (growthead),  athead (. .).
    ,
 « »,      ­   : egghead – (. .)  ,    , ;
pointyhead (sl.) – :
He says: «We are not pointy-heads sitting in London – like the Mekon,
with a large green head, thinking about the world and not doing anything
(Tough scrutiny will keep the NHS healthy / Guardian.co.uk Oct 15, 2008)
In the fantasy world of the United States of Blair, pointy-heads debate
the wisdom of a military strike on Iran ( e Mirror (London, England).
Date: Sep 1, 2006).
   ,    «de-
rogatory»     . ,  gghead -      --:
Now spin-o show Are You an Egghead? begins on Monday with the
show’s staple team of brainiacs beginning their hunt for a new recruit (Cov-
entry Evening Telegraph (England). Date: Oct 18, 2008)
 e BBC has announced that the popular quiz show Eggheads is back
for a 13th series (Hudders eld Daily Examiner (Hudders eld, England).
Date: Aug 30, 2011).
   head,      brain,     ­: brainbox – (.) 
BRAINBOXES are being sought for the next series of a hit TV quiz show. (Hudders eld Daily Examiner (Hudders eld, England). Date: Aug 30, 2011)
brainiac (sl.) –   :
« ese companies are not hot Silicon Valley startups swarming with Gen-X brainiacs» (Ronald Henko ) [http://www.thefreedictionary.com/
brainiac]
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Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
A GROUP of brainiacs in Coventry are celebrating victory in the re-
gional heat of a national quiz championship (Coventry Evening Telegraph
(England), May 14, 2012).
   head  « -
»: head-banger, headcase; jughead – (US sl.); longhead.
     ,  ,          ,   ­ : bonghead, crackhead, hophead – ; acidhead – (sl.) ,  ; cokehead – (Amer.) ; pothead (sl.) – ,  .    ,    ­      ,    ,     ­    head. (c.       thickhead – , ; addle-head – ­ ; bonehead, beef-head – , ;   .)
  ,   ­,       «head» – «, »: headman – 1) , , ­, ; 2)  ; ; ; 3)  (, ); headmaster, headmistress –  ; head-nurse – ­  (  );  gurehead –  ;   ( ,   ,       ,  ­   -.); header – (.) , ;  (­ ); headquarters – , ;
     : « –  - »: metalhead (sl.) –   ; Nethead – ­,    ; petrolhead (inf.) – ­,    ; head-banger – ,  .     ,             ,   ­ «head» « –  - ».
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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
 « »  
 : headcounter – ,  ­ ; head-dresser – ; headhunter – 1)   ,  2)    (     ); headliner – 1)   2) ­ , ,  (    ); head(-)shrinker – 1) ,  
2) (.) ; header – 1) (.) ; headsman – ; talk- ing-head – (Slang)     ,        .
     : sleepy-
head (n Informal) – a sleepy or lazy person, swellhead –  ; big-head –    ; ; hard- head – , ,  ; hothead – ­, ; ,  ; featherhead – , ,  .
     -
   : skinhead – (n. Slang)    ; boo ead – (n. Slang chie y Austral)    ; slap-head (derog. sl.) –  - ; woolly-head –  ; red-head –    .
   brain   «­  »: brain-worker –   , brainiac –   , birdbrain – , lame-
brain –  , , peabrain –  , scat­terbrain – . ,    ; featherbrain – , ,  ; brain­drainer – , ,       ; brain-truster –   , super-brain
–   .     -
    head (. ).
  ear       – «,      ­  »:
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Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
ear-banger, ear-bender (. .) – , ; ear-witness –
,   .
,   «hand»,  -
            : hander – ,  - ,   ; handmaid, hand- maiden – -; handi-cra sman, handcra er – , ­, ; handicapper –    ; handyman – 1) )  ,     ) ,      2) ; handlanger – (. .) ,    [from Dutch]; handyman – 1) )  ,     ) ,      2) .  ­         righthander – ; le -hander – .   ­   handbrake (, , -).   ,     ­    -  ­, «  », « ».
 e handbrake wouldn’t let me have another go on the pokies. Bugger
it. [@: http://www.urbandictionary.com/de ne.php?term=handbrake].
      
 ,         : eyer – 1)  (.); eyewitness – , -.
     ,   :
eye-popper –   , ; eyeful – -  ;   .          «eye» – , .
 «face»    : face- painter – ; blackface – ,      ; paleface – (. .) ,   , face-worker, faceman – ,  (,       ).
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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
 «»     -
,       ngerer – ;  nger-picker – - ,         .
 –  ,  , ­  ,     .       , ­     : heart-throb – ; heartbreaker –  ( ),   ­; heartener – ,  , , ; sweetheart – ; tiger-heart –  () ­ .
     «»  «»  ­ ,     : mouther – 1)  ; 2) ; mouthpiece – , ;  (); bigmouth (n. Sl.) – ; ­, ; blabbermouth (n. Inf.) – ; loudmouth (n. Informal) – , ; pottymouth (n. Informal) – ; tonguer –
1)  (), tonguester –  .
    «» “”      ,  .       « »   «    »: noser – (sl.) 1) ,     ; 2) , ; nosey-parker – (inf.)   -
1

.    : hard-nose – -
   ; snotnose (Am. vulg. sl.) –      (  ).
     «foot»  ­ «, »: foot-licker –  (.);
1
    I    Mary
Elizabeth Braddon: «You’re a asking’ too many questions for me, there’s too much of Mr. Nosey Parker about you, an’ I’d ‘ave you to know as I’m a laidee» [ ; http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/nosy-parker.html].
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Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
footboy – (.) -; footman – ()  (. . « »).
    ,  
       ­   “foot”,    “leg”: bigfoot – « »,  ; footer – ; footballer – ; legman –  (  ,    ); long- leg – ()     .
     «» ,
 , , , ,  ­    : lear-skin, clean- skin –    , skin-diver –   (          ,   ).
  ,    , -
   – skin-popper.    «, » – skin int, thickskin.   thickskin, ,     ,   ,   , « ».
        :
skinner – 1)  2)  ; buckskin – ,      .
      reds-
kin – (O ensive Slang)  .            ­ .     ­,      : blackfoot, redleg, redskin, redleg, paleface.         .        - ­,      .      . ­     :   ,     ­,   , ,   ,  
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