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Файл:Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография
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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
. , ,
, , , , ,
. ,
. .
,
, ,
:
redskin – 1) , 2) (o ensive) .
, :
paleface – (. .) , ;
redleg – (. .) , -
. 18 « ». , ,
.
redneck
,
, . , , .
.
: – N1 +
-et N2 (facet); N1 + let N2 (armlet, eyelet, leglet, necklet, tonguelet);
181
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
N1 + -ling N2 ( ngerling, footling, noseling); -
– pro- + N1 N2 (proleg); pseudo- + N1 N2 (pseudoheart); su-
per- + N1 N2 (superbrain); – N1 + N2
N3 (armband); N2 + N1 N3 (pegleg); N2 (possessive) + N1 N3
(lady’s- nger); Adj. + N1 N2 (blackface).
,
, :
1) , ( , , .): armband, armlet – ,
armguard – ; armrest – ; bodyboard –
; body-cloth – ; body-shirt –
, eartag, earbuds – ; eyeglass – , , face-
cloth; facemask; blackface; ngerstall – ; foot-path – ;
footgear – ; hair-dryer; hair-band; handbook; handwarmer- ; headband; head-dress; headholder – ; headlamp;
beakhead; kneeboard; kneeguard; leg-holder
– ; leg-rope –
legwarmer – (, ); mouthguard; mouthpiece;
neck-choker; neckbend; neckcloth; nosebag; nose-burner; nosegay; uttertongue; toothbrush; toothpick .
2) , : arm-
saw – ; armsignal – , armsha –
( ), foot-gauge – , ; ngerboard,
football, handlight; handie-talkie, handbrake .
3) , , -
: eyedraught – , ,
; footstep – ; headcheese – ; coonskin; wineskin; waterskin .
4) , -
: eyelet – , -
; ( , ), ngerpost – , heartwood – -
; footpin – ; pegleg – ; sh nger, ladys nger,
nailhead; knee-bend, dogleg; neckline; gooseneck; toothcomb .
182
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
,
.
, ,
, .
.
, eye ear ,
«, »,
«» «» :
, , : ( ) ,
( )
. , eye ear
.
arm
, . arm,
, , ,
« ».
, brain ,
– superbrain ( – ). ( , , ) . ,
«», , ,
, ,
: brain , . « ».
, heart, -
183
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
,
.
(, , )
,
.
, , ,
.
, . – , ,
.
« -
» :
,
, – , .
,
.
:
N1 + -able Adj (heartable, mouthable);
N1 + -ed Adj (bodied, brained, faced, ngered,
footed);
N1 + -ish Adj (brainish);
184
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
N1 + -al Adj (facial);
N1 + -less Adj (armless, bodiless, brainless, earless,
faceless)
N1 + -like Adj (armlike, earlike, eyelike, ngerlike,
footlike,)
N1 + -some Adj (handsome, toothsome);
N1 + -y / ie Adj (brainy, ngery, footy, footsie, hairy,
handy, heady)
N1 + -ward Adv (brainward);
:
a- + N1 Adv or Pred. Adj (afoot, ahead)
afore- + N1 Adv or Pred. Adj (aforehand)
before- +N1 Adv (beforehand)
behind- N1 Adv or Pred. Adj (behindhand),
break (comb. form) +N1 Adj (breakneck, breakback)
o - + N1 Adj (o and)
out-of- + N1 Adj (out-of-body)
over- (comb. form) + N1 Adj (overarm, overhand)
up- + N1 Adj (uphand)
:
N1 Adj (hand )
:
N1 + N2
N3 (tonguetie)
N1 + P1 Adj (ear-splitting, eye-beaming, eye-deceiv-
ing)
N1 + Ving N2 (face-saving, head-turning)
N1 + N2 Adv (arm-running)
N1 + Adj Adj (handfree, footloose, footsure, skindeep)
N1 + PII Adj (handmade, body-centered, brain-
damaged)
Num + N1 Adj ( rsthand, thirdhand, secondhand,
twohand).
«» -
185
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
. «» , , , .
,
. , , «» ,
.
, ,
, , .
,
.
,
,
, ,
«-» . ,
-
(-, -) . «»
, .
, ( ).
, ,
. , , , .
N1 + -able Adj
,
:
186
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
mouthable (NShOxD) – something that is able to me mouthd
( , ).
eyeable – visible, visually attractive (NShOxD)
heartable (UrbanD) – having characteristics that attract love or af-
fection
Vicki Valerie makes me smile – she’s just soo damn heartable (@:
http://www. urbandictionary. com/de ne. php?term=Heartable)
N1 + -ed Adj (bodied, brained, faced, ngered, footed)
:
«, ( ), ».
–ed,
«possessing, provided with, characterized by”.
bodied – adj. having a body, especially of a speci ed kind.
us, Doc Watson, the gray-bearded, iron bodied man without a
past, a ghting terror himself, was overthrown in the fraction of a second
preceding his own onslaught [Burning Daylight by London, Jack].
,
– (brained, eared,
eyed, faced, ngered, footed, haired, handed, headed, hearted, kneed,
legged, mouthed, necked, nosed, skinned, toothed, tongued), -
.
thin-skinned, big-mouthed, strong-bodied; weak-bodied,
blue-tongued . .
N1 + -y / ie Adj
, . 13 , : brainy, nger y, hairy,
handy, heady, hearty, leggy, mouthy, nosy, skinny, tonguey, toothy.
187
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
- - (--): ,
(), , , .
-
hairy – exciting, but dangerous; hair-rising (DNW):
It may be that he swept back into the past, and fell among the blooddrinking, hairy savages of the Age of Unpolished Stone; into the abysses of
the Cretaceous Sea; or among the grotesque saurians, the huge reptilian
brutes of the Jurassic times. [ e Wells, H. G. Time Machine].
N1 + -less Adj (armless, bodiless, brainless, earless, faceless)
, , .
, .
, , : Nsoma + less Adj, - +
. ., . . + los .,
:
1) , . – ) ; )
2) armless, . –
e cafes were full of well-dressed people, portly men reading the
paper, ladies with cloche hats smoking cigarettes in metal or ivory cigaretteholders, armless ex-soldiers begging for a pfennig. (BNC)
3) handless, . – )
But his vocabulary is strictly limited and his ghting skills with said
chainsaw, now attached by bolts to his handless arm, inventive (BNC)
)
e sort of girls who would quickly come to the fore are the sort
of Malory-Towers-Swallows-and-Amazons type; practical down to earth
and capable, but there would probably be many unlike that who would
be perfectly handless when it came to organisation and practicalities
(BNC).
4) handlos, . – )
)
188
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
Am 23. kam die Sunday Times mit neuen Enthüllungen in die Kioske.
Ihr Umweltkorrespondent Sean Ryan – für Cluster ist das Ressort Umwelt
zuständig – machte eine Anhäufung handloser Babys in den Küstenstädten
Hartlepool und Peterlee im Nordosten Englands dingfest (DIE ZEIT,
18.03.1994, Nr. 12)
5) rmlos, . –
Wer kann die Bilder jener humpelnden, armlosen Kinder vergessen,
die ein Leben ohne Ho nung vor sich haben?Tausende Opfer jeden Tag
(DIE ZEIT,17. 01. 2002,Nr. 4)
-less, -los,
- «,
, »: armless –
, legless – , footless – , hairless –
. ,
, ,
, (., ., .)
. , ( ) ( ), (
). ,
.
, .
, :
1) : . . , .
handless – , . handlos – ; . -
–
, 2) : . . -
; . heartless; . herzlos – , -
, ; . ; . headless – ,
; ; . kop os – , -
. -
- legless
( ) – (. . ).
He thinks he can play spoof, but I usually come out of the pub legless
with as much money as I went in with (BNC).
189
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
3) : . . ; .
brainless; . gehirnlos – , ; footless – -
, , ,
-4)
: . . (), . beardless – , -
;
5) : . .
() – , ; . tooth-
less – (toothless laws); . earless – ,
, ( ); . footless – , (footless expectations- , ).
N1 + -like Adj
-
-: armlike, earlike, eye-
like, ngerlike, footlike, hairlike, leglike .
,
, «». «» , ,
«
, »:
Lake Pyramid, located on the west side of I-5, south of Gorman, has
21 miles of shoreline spread out over numerous long, armlike waterways
and o ers shing, boating, camping and skiing (FUN ABOUNDS FOR
WATER FANS by Daily News (Los Angeles, CA Feb 28, 2002)
A river, amber-tinted in the shadow of its banks, purled at the army’s
feet; and at night, when the stream had become of a sorrowful blackness,
one could see across it the red, eyelike gleam of hostile camp- res set in the
low brows of distant hills ( e Red Badge of Courage by Crane, Stephen)
e application is done in a criss-cross pattern with ngerlike
projections coming out of the tape (Stuck on it: Kinesio tape has won
a following among dancers by Wozny, Nancy / Dance Magazine Jul 1,
2009).
N1 + -some Adj
190
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