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Файл:Словообразование в языковой категоризации мира. Монография
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3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
. . , «
,
,
, . . ,
»
[, , 2004: 93].
-
: N1 + -age N2
(footage), N1 + – ful N2 (handful), N1 + N2 N3 ( ngerbreadth),
N1 + Adj N2 (footlong), N2 + N1 N3 ( acre-foot); N1 + Adj Adj
(knee-high).
(. 2. 2), « » ,
-.
«»
«» . – (, ).
, ; –
(palma ,
).
, : foot, palm (, ),
cubit ( , 45 , . . ). : handful, armful, stomach-
ful, handbreadth, foot-candle, footpound, foot-acre, footlambert.
N1 + –
ful N2. , –ful
-, «, »:
armful – ;
201
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
en he would hastily gather his armful of wood and carry it home.
(Baum, L. F. e Marvelous Land of Oz)
ngerful – ,
Take a little Can, pluck out the eyes of Grace Jones, warmed-up
Kra werk, siphon o the froth of Aretha Franklin's ‘passion’, snatch a little
Glitter leather and smear o a ngerful of Bowie mascara, ignite with the
spark of a torch song, and you’ve got – Eurythmics! (BNC)
handful – 1) ) ; ) , -
Jingle, jingle, went the shillings, as handful a er handful was thrown
in, till, plump and ponderous as she was, they fairly weighed the young
lady from the oor (Hawthorne, N. Grandfather’s Chair [@: http://haw-
thorne.thefreelibrary.com/Grandfathers-Chair/1-6 – handful)
headful – 1) , 2) ( )
A man of great wealth, or one who has been pitchforked into high
station, has commonly such a headful of brain that his neighbors cannot
keep their hats on (Bierce, Am. e Devil’s Dictionary@:http://www.nu-
meraire.com/quotes/abc.htm].
mouthful – 1) ) (-.) ) ; ; ()
Politely Aunt Louise took a mouthful and inclined her head in thanks
(BNC).
toothful – ( )
Bucket frequently observes, in friendly circles where there is no restraint, that he likes a toothful of your ne old brown East Inder sherry
better than anything you can o er him (Dickens, Ch. Bleak House).
, neck, face, back, leg
, «».
– earful eyeful , : earful – 1)
2) ,
202
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
“Over the last few days, I've gotten a well-deserved earful from many
of the people I admire in this industry expressing their outrage and disappointment over the hurtful and stupid things I said in a number of recent
media appearances” (Asian News International. Date: Feb 14, 2013)
Madonna can expect an earful from the church when she hits Poland
today ( e Mirror / London, England – Aug. 15, 2009);
eyeful – :
PENELOPE Cruz seems to be getting an eyeful from Bono as he does
an impression of a dirty old man ( e Mirror / London, England – Oct
9, 2006).
You can go around and get an eyeful of human eye-candy, which is
the best thing you can get an eyeful of. (London’s Vintage festival hints at
change in direction by James Pheby / AFP Global Edition)
( ) , . «» , .
, . , , , neckful, legful,
footful, tongueful, kneeful .
,
, :
N1 + N2 N3 (armload – ; earreach – -
; earshot – , ,
, ngerbreadth – ( -
; hairbreadth – ; handbreadth (hand’s-
breadth) – , (
; 6,25 10 );
N1 + Adj N2 (footlong – )
N1 + Adj Adj (knee-high – () ,
; knee-deep);
203
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
N2 + N1 N3 (acre-foot – ; board-foot – -
( ); pound-foot – -
);
, ,
«, , , , », . : foot-acre – ;
foot-ton – -; board-foot – - (
); pound-foot – ,
.
,
,
.
:
over- + N1 Adj. (overarm, overhand, overhead, overbody)
up- + N1 Adj. (uphand)
(): « »: overarm, overhand,
uphand – ( ),
(an overarm stroke – ; an overarm service –
); overhead – , .
. .
o and –
( ).
behindhand (; , -
) beforehand, aforehand (, ), hand-running ( ; ) .
204
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
under-
+ N1 N2 (underbody); N1 + N2 N3 (kneehole); N2 + N1 N3 (goal-
mouth). : armpit – ;
underarm – 1) , 2) ; legroom –
( ); kneehole – ( ); kneeroom –
( ); goalmouth – ()
; bottleneck – .
,
,
-, .
, (. ).
«», (.
), , . . ,
: armful – ; ngerful – ,
; hand-
ful – ; .
: N1 + N2 N3 (leghorn; mouth-breeder; tooth-bill);
N2 + N1 N3 (horsehead; bonnethead, bowhead; bullhead; inthead; toadhead; lobefoot – pu eg – - (pu – ; -
); frogmouth; ringneck; shovenose; tongue- sh; sabertooth); Adj. +
N1 N2 (violet-ear – ; hair-seal – ; shorthair; greenhead:
bluehead, redhead; thickhead; tough-head; whale-head; thick-knee; roughleg).
.
homo-sapience ,
, -
205
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
.
thick-
head – ; (Pachycephalidae); short-hair – -
; leghorn – ( )
:
, (
): , -
, , monkey – , , ; sh – ,
; der A e, der Esel (.)- , .
- ,
.
, -
: arm, body, hand,
heart, brain, skin, face.
- . ,
, «» . ,
, : «» –
(muzzle, snout), face
.
arm hand. « » leg, foot, paw, limb, arm hand.
,
brain, «», ,
, ,
. « »
: N1 + N2 N3 ( nger-berry –
(Rubus argutus); nger- ower – . , hair-
206
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
grass – , ; leghorn; mouthroot; tongue- ower; beard-tongue;
heartsease – ; N2 + N1 N3 (pigface; maidenhair; dragonhead;
turtlehead; ox-heart; palm-heart, swanneck ddleneck;); Adj. + N1 N2
blackheart; bleeding-heart; blue-leg; cottonmouth; crookneck; N2 (posses-
sive) + N1 N3 (cat’s-ear, elephant’s-ear – ; hare’s-ear – (.)
; adder’s-mouth; snake’stongue; bird’s-foot; cat’s-foot); Num +
N1 N2 ( ve- nger) .
, .
– : nger-berry – -
(Rubus argutus). –
, . «
»,
1753 .
,
. ,
. ,
1
[, 1968; -
, 1959; , 1965; , 1985].
. . , ,
. (, ,
, , , , , ). , -
1
. . / -
. . . 2. , 1968. –
. 380–383; . . /
. . . . 25. , 1959. . 187–248; . / . – 1964. ., 1965.
. 72–87; . .
( ): . … . . . , 1985.
207
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
,
[, 1985: 21].
-
,
(hairgrass, nger- ower (. .
, ) «» «-» (bird's-foot, crookneck, hare’s-ear). -
, ,
, «».
, « ,
» [, @], ,
–
– – .
,
.
,
: , , , - [, 2009],
.
, body , , body «the physical frame of a human or animal; the whole
material organism»
«the main portion of something as distinct from subordinate
parts», , , « (), (),
(). -
:
bodykit – (also body kit) a packaged set of decorations and ttings for
208
3.3. Семантическая характеристика отсоматических производных
customizing a car or motorcycle body; bodyshell – () ; bodyside – the side of the body of a vehicle; unibody –
; wide-body – an aircra having a wide fuselage.
ear eye -
.
:
, , - –
, ear eye: donkey’s-eye – (bot.) the
large round seed of the Mucuna pruriens, a tropical leguminous plant;
rabbiteye – shrub of southeastern United States grown commercially
especially for canning industry; pheasant’s-eye – 1) (Adonis annua) 2) (Narcissus poeticus); ox-eye – , , (Leucanthemum vulgare). Either of two Eurasian plants of the
genus Buphthalum, having daisylike owers with yellow rays and dark
centers; bear’s-ear – , , ; cat’s-
ear – a plant that resembles the dandelion, with yellow owers and
rosettes of leaves; elephant’s-ear – (Begonia); hare’s-ear – .
1) (Conringia) 2) (Bupleurum)
, , - –
, ear
eye: violet-ear – (Colibris), white-ear – mainly Eur-
asian and African songbird related to the chats, greeneye – bottom-
dwellers having large eyes with metallic green luster; goldeye – a
North American clupeoid sh with yellowish eyes, silvery sides, and
a dark blue back; blue-eye – (.) ; white-eye silver-
eye – (.) .
,
-
: a er- + N1 N2 (a erbrain), fore- +
N1 N2 (forearm, forebrain, foreface), under- + N1 N2 (underhair),
mid- + N1 N2 (midbrain), N1 + N2
N3 (eyelash), N2 + N1 N3
(cockeye), Adj. + N1 N2 (hindbrain).
209
Глава 3. Структурно-семантическое моделирование отсоматической лексики в английском языке
, : armpit – ; brainpan, brain-box, braincase – , brain-
stem – () , a er-brain – (.) ,
hindbrain – ; underbody – the underside
of a road vehicle, ship, or animal’s body; ear ap, earlobe – ;
eyebrow – ; eyehole – , ; eyelash – -
; eyelet – , , ; eyelid – ; eyeglobe,
eye-bulb – ; eye-muscle – ; cockeye – -
; foreface – the part of the head of a four-legged mammal that
is in front of the eyes; nger-cushion – ;
ngernail – ; ngertip – ; fore- nger – -
; forefoot – ; underhair –
, ; forehead – ; kneecap –
, foreleg – ; mouthpart – , ( ); foreskin – . « »
« » , (), – « (
) -, »; – () ();
().
neck, nose, heart tongue.
, ( ,
, , , . .). ,
, .
,
, :
, , – , . -
210
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