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Oj_klhfZlby ih hl_q_kl\_gghc bklhjbb K 701–704.
17. >_dj_l h ijZ\beZo ijb_fZ \ \ukrb_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby Jhkkbckdhc KhpbZebklbq_kdhc N_^_jZlb\ghc Kh\_lkdhc J_kim[ebdb
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18. Ba ^_dj_lZ <PBD³Iheh`_gb_ h _^bghc ljm^h\hc rdhe_ Jhkkbckdhc KhpbZebklbq_kdhc N_^_jZlb\ghc Kh\_lkdhc J_kim[ebdb´
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3. JZ[hqb_ nZdmevl_lu bf_xl ijZ\h ih^ kh[kl\_ggmx hl\_lkl\_g
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8. <gmlj_ggyy hj]ZgbaZpby jZ[hqbo nZdmevl_lh\ ^he`gZ h[_ki_qb\Zlv
kZfh_ rbjhdh_ b ^_ckl\bl_evgh_ mqZklb_ kemrZl_e_c \ jZaj_r_gbb \k_o \hijhkh\ dZd mq_[gh]h lZd b ohayckl\_ggh-Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh]h oZjZdl_jZ
Jmdh\h^ysbf hj]Zghf jZaj_rZxsbf \k_ \hijhku `bagb jZ[hqbo nZdmevl_lh\ y\ey_lky kh\_l nZdmevl_lZ \u[bjZxsbc k_dj_lZjy nZdmev l_lZ b \ dZq_kl\_ bkihegbl_evgh]h k\h_]h hj]ZgZ – ij_ab^bmf \ khklZ\_
ij_^k_^Zl_ey – aZ\_^mxs_]h b ^\mo qe_gh\ – _]h ihfhsgbdh\
10. Kh\_l jZ[hq_]h nZdmevl_lZ khklhbl ba ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c \_^msbo aZ gylby gZ nZdmevl_l_ b ij_^klZ\bl_e_c kemrZl_e_c nZdmevl_lZ Kh-
\_lZ \ukr_]h mq_[gh]h aZ\_^_gby dhffmgbklbq_kdhc njZdpbb klm^_g lh\ wlh]h aZ\_^_gby f_klguo ijhe_lZjkdbo hj]ZgbaZpbc f_klgh]h
Hl^_eZ GZjh^gh]h H[jZah\Zgby b kem`_[gh]h i_jkhgZeZ nZdmevl_lZ
Ijbf_qZgb_ Qbkeh ij_^klZ\bl_e_c hl kemrZl_e_c nZdmevl_lZ ^he`gh [ulv g_ f_g__ qbkeZ ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_c \oh^ysbo \ khklZ\ kh\_lZ jZ[hq_]h nZdmevl_lZ hl dhee_dlb\h\ b hj]ZgbaZpbc i_j_qbke_gguo \ imgdlZo
b – ih h^ghfm ij_^klZ\bl_ex
11.KemrZl_eb jZ[hqbo nZdmevl_lh\ ihevamxlky ijZ\Zfb klm^_glh\ \ukr_]h mq_[gh]h aZ\_^_gby b ihevamxlky khpbZevguf h[_ki_q_gb_f
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GZ dmjku ijbgbfZxlky jZ[hqb_ b dj_klvyg_ ij_^klZ\b\rb_ beb hl nZ[jbqgh]h dhfbl_lZ beb hl dhffmgbklbq_kdhc yq_cdb m^hklh\_j_ gb_ \ lhf qlh ijbgZ^e_`Zl d deZkkm jZ[hqbo beb dj_klvyg g_ wdkiemZlb jmxsbo qm`h]h ljm^Z b qlh klhyl gZ ieZlnhjf_ Kh\_lkdhc \eZklb
<k_f \ukrbf mq_[guf aZ\_^_gbyf \f_gy_lky \ h[yaZgghklv g_ iha^g__ ghy[jy hldjulv jZ[hqb_ nZdmevl_lu ^ey q_]h \ ^\mog_^_evguc kjhd k fhf_glZ him[ebdh\Zgby gZklhys_]h ihklZgh\e_gby hj]Zgbamxl \j_f_ggh_ [xjh ba lj_o ebp k \j_f_gguf ij_^hklZ\e_gb_f _fm \k_o ijZ\ kh\_lZ nZdmevl_lZ b \ khklZ\_ h^gh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey hl^_eZ \ukr_c rdheu beb f_klgh]h Hl^_eZ GZjh^gh]h H[jZah\Zgby b ^\mo ij_^klZ\b l_e_c Kh\_lZ \ukr_]h mq_[gh]h aZ\_^_gby j_hj]Zgbah\Zggh]h kh]eZkgh ihklZgh\e_gbx hl bxey ] ba gbo h^bg – hl ijhn_kkmju b ij_ih
^Z\Zl_e_c h^bg – hl ij_^klZ\bl_e_c klm^_gq_kl\Z \oh^ysbo \ Kh\_l
mq_[gh]h aZ\_^_gby H[ hldjulbb nZdmevl_lZ \ukr__ mq_[gh_ aZ\_^_ gb_ ^h\h^bl ^h k\_^_gby hl^_eZ \ukr_c rdheu
Qe_gu [xjh ihemqZxl hdeZ^ mklZgZ\eb\Z_fuc Kh\_lhf \ukr_]h mq_[gh]h aZ\_^_gby \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl f_klguo mkeh\bc Kj_^kl\Z gZ hi eZlm ljm^Z qe_gh\ [xjh b gZ \k_ hj]ZgbaZpbhggu_ jZkoh^u \u^Zxlky \ukrbf mq_[guf aZ\_^_gb_f ^ey q_]h ihke_^g__ bkijZrb\Z_l ki_pb Zevguc Z\Zgk
Dmjku kms_kl\mxsb_ ijb I_j\hf Fhkdh\kdhf mgb\_jkbl_l_ ih ih^]hlh\d_ jZ[hqbo b dj_klvyg \ \ukrb_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby ijbagZxlky jZ[hqbf nZdmevl_lhf ^_ckl\mxsbf gZ hkgh\Zgbyo gZklhys_]h ihklZ gh\e_gby
Ih^ibkZe AZ\_^>mx@sbc Hl^_ehf <ukrbo Mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbc Fbo Ihdjh\kdbc
K[hjgbd ^hdmf_glh\ ih bklhjbb KKKJ ^ey k_fbgZjkdbo b ijZdlbq_kdbo aZgylbc: WihoZ khpbZebafZ <ui 2. 1921–1932. F , 1979. K 93–94.
20. Ba h[jZs_gby dhee_]bb GZjdhfijhkZ JKNKJ \h <PBD KGD JKNKJ b PD JDI [ h[ memqr_gbb fZl_jbZevgh]h iheh`_gby jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby
n_\jZey ]
GZjh^guc dhfbkkZj ih ijhk\_s_gbx \ky dhee_]by b PD KhxaZ jZ[ ijhk\_s b khp dmevlmju ihke_ k_jv_agh]h h[km`^_gby h[s_]h iheh`_ gby ^_eZ ijhk\_s_gby \ Jhkkbb _^bgh]eZkgh \ug_keb ihklZgh\e_gb_ h[jZlblvky \ Ij_ab^bmf <PBD Kh\gZjdhf b P_gljZevguc Dhfbl_l JDI kh ke_^mxsbf aZy\e_gb_f
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Ijb \k_f gZijy`_gbb kbe k dZdbf jZ[hlZxl g_fgh]b_ ihkeZggu_ gZ jZ[hlm ijhk\_s_gby lh\Zjbsb fu aZf_qZ_f qlh ^_eh ijhk\_s_gby g_ lhevdh g_ ih^\b]Z_lky \i_j_^ gh y\guf h[jZahf jZkiZ^Z_lky \k_ [hevr_ b [hevr_ Kbfilhfh\ lZdh]h jZkiZ^Z kdhevdh m]h^gh P_gljZevguc Zi iZjZl GZjh^gh]h dhfbkkZjbZlZ ih ijhk\_s_gbx \ gZklhys__ \j_fy g_ fh`_l h[t_^bgblv \hdjm] k_[y ^Z`_ l_o ghjfZevguo rlZlh\ dhlh
ju_ [ueb i_j\hgZqZevgh mklZgh\e_gu Ijb wlhf hklZ\rbcky \ gZr_f jZkihjy`_gbb i_jkhgZe ^Ze_dh g_ m^h\e_l\hjbl_e_g b l_f om`_ q_f [eb`_ klhyl ^Zggu_ ebpZ d qbklh nbabq_kdbf jZ[hlZf <f_kl_ k l_f g_ ijhoh^bl ^gy qlh[u d ex[hfm aZ\_^mxs_fm hl^_ehf g_ ijboh^beb jZ [hlgbdb hl\_lkl\_ggu_ beb dZgp_eyjkdb_ beb ijhklh dmjv_ju b g_ aZy\ eyeb qlh hgb i_j_oh^yl \ ^jm]h_ \_^hfkl\h ]^_ hgb ihemqZl iZ_d ]^_ l_ieh beb dm^Z bo ijb\e_dZ_l dZdh_-eb[h ^jm]h_ h[klhyl_evkl\h
Ijb\e_q_gb_ gh\uo khljm^gbdh\ klZeh ^ey gZk kh\_jr_ggh g_\ha fh`guf: b^_l eb ^_eh h kbe_ d\Zebnbpbjh\Zgghc beb h q_jghjZ[hq_f
dZ`^uc g_f_^e_ggh aZ^Z_l \hijhk h lhf `_ iZcd_ b ^Z`_ kZfu_ \Z`gu_ gm`^u DhfbkkZjbZlZ ih ijhk\_s_gbx g_ fh]ml ijb lZdbo mkeh\byo h[ kem`b\Zlvky \ kdhevdh-gb[m^v ghjfZevghf ihjy^d_...
Iheh`_gb_ fhkdh\kdbo mqbl_e_c g_keuoZggh [_^kl\_ggh; h dZdhf-
gb[m^v memqr_gbb iheh`_gby mqbl_e_c dhlhjh_ h[_sZeZ bf Kh\_lkdZy \eZklv b ^ey q_]h hgZ gZijy]ZeZ k\hb kbeu – g_ fh`_l [ulv b j_qb
<_kvfZ [hevrhc ih Z[khexlguf jZaf_jZf b ih pbnjh\hfm kjZ\g_gbx k ij_`gbf hdeZ^ gZ kZfhf ^_e_ ih ihdmiZl_evkdhc klhbfhklb g_kjZ\g_ggh gb`_ kZfuo kdjhfguo hdeZ^h\ pZjkdh]h \j_f_gb mqbl_ey ]heh^Zxl Hgb jZa^_lu b jZamlu b \k_ ihij_db bo kZ[hlZ`_f y\eyxlky ]hjvdhc gZ kf_rdhc gZ^ bo iheh`_gb_f b[h jZ[hlZlv ijb lZdbo mkeh\byo [_kdhj fbpu oheh^Z b g_h[_ki_q_gby g_h[oh^bf_crbfb ij_^f_lZfb g_ fh`_l gbdlh ^Z`_ ]_jhc
« ]eZ\ghc ijbqbghc jZkiZ^Z jZ[hlu ih ijhk\_s_gbx y\ey_lky ]heh^ Dhee_]by GZjdhfijhkZ ij_djZkgh ihgbfZ_l qlh ]heh^Zxl [he__ beb f_ g__ \k_ b qlh ijbqbgu wlh]h ]heh^Z h[sb_ l_f g_ f_g__ hgZ g_ fh`_l g_ mdZaZlv qlh ijb ijh^he`_gbb lh]h ijh^h\hevkl\_ggh]h iheh`_gby rdhevguo jZ[hlgbdh\ b \hh[s_ jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby dZdh_ bf__l f_klh k_cqZk jZkkqblu\Zlv gZ fZeh-fZevkdb p_e_khh[jZagmx jZ[hlm ijh
k\_s_gby g_\hafh`gh: hgZ [m^_l ijh^he`Zlv jZkiZ^Zlvky rdheu [m^ml
aZdju\Zlvky gbdZdh]h ijb[eb`_gby d klhev k\_lehfm b^_Zem gZfb gZ f_q_gghfm g_ [m^_l aZf_lgh b dhee_]by \ugm`^_gZ p_ebdhf kgylv k k_[y \kydmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ ^_eh gZjh^gh]h ijhk\_s_gby \ Jhkkbb
Jy^hf k wlhc ]eZ\g_cr_c ijbqbghc jZajmob g_evay g_ mdZaZlv gZ ^jm ]h_ < lh \j_fy dZd jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby ijboh^blky bkdZlv ^g_f k h]g_f \ lh \j_fy dZd h[s__ dhebq_kl\h bo qj_a\uqZcgh fZeh ih kjZ\g_
37
gbx kh \k_ jZklms_c ihlj_[ghklvx gZjh^Z \ lh \j_fy dZd hgb dZd y mdZ aZe \ur_ [_]ml \ jZagu_ f_klZ \k_ `_ ihklZ\e_ggu_ emqr_ q_f GZj dhfijhk b[h GDI \ wlhf hlghr_gbb [ue \ hkh[hf aZ]hg_ b ijbghkblv _]h \ `_jl\m kqblZehkv gZb[he__ e_]dbf ^_ehf ih\lhjgu_ fh[bebaZpbb \uj\Zeb ihke_^gbo jZ[hlgbdh\ \ [hevrbgkl\_ kemqZ_\ l_o dhlhju_ k bklbgguf ]_jhbafhf \ke_^kl\b_ ex[\b d ^_lyf d k\h_fm ^_em hklZ \Zebkv gZ k\hbo f_klZo Lh qlh g_ jZajmrbe ]heh^ [ueh hdhgqZl_evgh jZajmr_gh fh[bebaZpbyfb
D wlhfm gZ^h ijb[Z\blv kZfh_ e_]dh_ hlghr_gb_ d rdhevguf a^Z gbyf ;jZebkv a^Zgby g_ lhevdh lh]^Z dh]^Z \ wlhf ij_^klZ\eyeZkv [hevrZy gm`^Z Z m`_ b wlh]h ^hklZlhqgh qlh[u gZg_klb ]em[hqZcrbc \j_^ gZjh^ghfm h[jZah\Zgbx rdhevgu_ a^Zgby [jZebkv aZ]jyagyebkv jZajmrZebkv ihdb^Zebkv [jZebkv gh\u_ < j_amevlZl_ _klv ^Z`_ [hevrb_ ]m[_jgkdb_ ]hjh^Z dZd gZijbf_j DZem]Z ]^_ gZjh^gh_ h[jZ ah\Zgb_ [md\Zevgh kl_jlh k ebpZ a_feb hl g_]h g_ hklZehkv gbq_]h
<\b^m wlh]h dhee_]by GZjh^gh]h dhfbkkZjbZlZ ijhk\_s_gby ih^ ^_j`b\Z_fZy <k_jhkkbckdbf ijhn_k khxahf jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby b khpbZebklbq_kdhc dmevlmju b Fhkdh\kdbf hl^_ehf gZjh^gh]h h[jZ ah\Zgby \ iheghf kh]eZkbb k ij_ab^bmfhf Fhkdh\kdh]h kh\_lZ JD> \ugm`^_gZ aZy\blv qlh _keb gb`_ke_^mxsb_ lj_[h\Zgby `bagb g_ fh]ml [ulv \uiheg_gu \ gZklhys__ \j_fy Kh\_lkdhc \eZklvx \ kdhev dh-gb[m^v khhl\_lkl\mxs_c ihlj_[ghklyf f_j_ lh hgZ \ugm`^_gZ
kgylv k k_[y \kydmx hl\_lkl\_gghklv aZ oh^ ijhk\_s_gby \ Kh\_lkdhc Jhkkbb b \ emqr_f kemqZ_ kfh`_l gZijy`_ggh [hjykv aZ kms_kl\h\Z gb_ wlh]h ijhk\_s_gby khojZgblv ^h emqr_]h \j_f_gb ohlv keZ[u_ _]h hklZldb
F_jhijbylby g_h[oh^bfu_ ^ey kiZk_gby ^_eZ gZjh^gh]h ijhk\_s_gby:
1. IjbjZ\gylv jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby dZd \ GDI b Hl^_eZo gZjh^ gh]h h[jZah\Zgby lZd b jZ[hlZxsbo \ rdhe_ b \ ^jm]bo dmevlmjgh-
ijhk\_lbl_evguo mqj_`^_gbyo \ ^_e_ ijh^h\hevkl\by b kgZ[`_gby ij_^ f_lZfb i_j\hc g_h[oh^bfhklb d djZkghZjf_cpZf ijbq_f ij_^hklZ\blv ijZ\e_gbyf jZchgguo \ klhebpZo b m_a^guo \ ijh\bgpbb hl^_eh\ KhxaZ jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby b khpbZebklbq_kdhc dmevlmju ijZ\Z nZ[jbqgh-
aZ\h^kdbo dhfbl_lh\ \ ^_e_ ihemq_gby ij_^f_lh\ kgZ[`_gby
2. Hlimklblv \ jZkihjy`_gb_ PD <k_jhk khxaZ jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_
s_gby b khpbZebklbq_kdhc dmevlmju feg jm[ gZ aZ]hlh\dm ijh^mdlh\ q_j_a ZiiZjZl <h_ggh]h ijh^h\hevkl\_ggh]h [xjh <PKIK
3. G_f_^e_ggh hj]Zgbah\Zlv dhfbkkbx ba ij_^klZ\bl_ey GZjdhfijh kZ <KGO P D-lZ KhxaZ ih \hijhkZf kgZ[`_gby b jZkij_^_e_gby ijh
^h\hevkl\by b ij_^f_lh\ i_j\hc g_h[oh^bfhklb kj_^b jZ[hlgbdh\ ijh k\_s_gby
38
4.Ij_^hklZ\blv jZ[hlgbdZf ijhk\_s_gby ijZ\h gZ hl^_evgmx jZ[h qmx dhfgZlm ^ey ih^]hlh\db d aZgylbyf
5.<ha\jZs_gb_ ih ij_^klZ\e_gbx GZjdhfijhkZ b hl^_eh\ gZjh^gh]h h[jZah\Zgby jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby ba DjZkghc :jfbb
6.Hk\h[h^blv jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby hl ijb\e_q_gby d ih\bg-
ghklyf nbabq_kdh]h ljm^Z k aZf_ghc ijb\e_q_gby d ljm^h\hc ih\bgghklb ih ki_pbZevghklb
Oj_klhfZlby ih hl_q_kl\_gghc bklhjbb« K –714.
21. >_dj_l KGD JKNKJ h ebd\b^Zpbb [_a]jZfhlghklb kj_^b gZk_e_gby JKNKJ
^_dZ[jy ]
< p_eyo ij_^hklZ\e_gby \k_fm gZk_e_gbx J_kim[ebdb \hafh`ghklb khagZl_evgh]h mqZklby \ iheblbq_kdhc `bagb kljZgu Kh\_l GZjh^guo DhfbkkZjh\ ihklZgh\be
1. <k_ gZk_e_gb_ J_kim[ebdb \ \hajZkl_ hl ^h e_l g_ mf_xs__
qblZlv beb ibkZlv h[yaZgh h[mqZlvky ]jZfhl_ gZ jh^ghf beb jmkkdhf yaud_ ih `_eZgbx H[mq_gb_ wlh \_^_lky \ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gguo rdheZo dZd kms_kl\mxsbo lZd b mqj_`^Z_fuo ^ey g_]jZfhlgh]h gZk_e_gby ih ieZ gZf GZjh^gh]h dhfbkkZjbZlZ ijhk\_s_gby
Ijbf_qZgb_ >_ckl\b_ wlh]h imgdlZ jZkijhkljZgy_lky gZ djZkgh-
Zjf_cp_\ ijbq_f khhl\_lkl\_ggZy jZ[hlZ \ \h_gguo qZklyo ijhba\h^blky ijb [eb`Zcr_f mqZklbb iheblhl^_eh\ DjZkghc :jfbb b NehlZ
2. Kjhd ebd\b^Zpbb [_a]jZfhlghklb mklZgZ\eb\Z_lky ]m[_jgkdbfb b
]hjh^kdbfb Kh\^_iZfb ih ijbgZ^e_`ghklb H[sb_ ieZgu ih ebd\b^Zpbb [_a]jZfhlghklb gZ f_klZo khklZ\eyxlky hj]ZgZfb GZjdhfijhkZ \ ^\mo f_kyqguc kjhd kh ^gy him[ebdh\Zgby gZklhys_]h ^_dj_lZ
3. GZjdhfijhkm b _]h f_klguf hj]ZgZf ij_^hklZ\ey_lky ijZ\h ijb
\e_dZlv d h[mq_gbx g_]jZfhlguo \ ihjy^d_ ljm^h\hc ih\bgghklb \k_ ]jZfhlgh_ gZk_e_gb_ kljZgu g_ ijba\Zggh_ \ \hckdZ k hieZlhx bo ljm^Z ih ghjfZf jZ[hlgbdh\ ijhk\_s_gby
4. D [eb`Zcr_fm mqZklbx \ jZ[hlZo ih ebd\b^Zpbb [_a]jZfhlghklb
GZjh^guf dhfbkkZjbZlhf ijhk\_s_gby b f_klgufb hj]ZgZfb _]h ijb\e_ dZxlky \k_ hj]ZgbaZpbb ljm^h\h]h gZk_e_gby dZd-lh ijhn_kkbhgZevgu_
khxau f_klgu_ yq_cdb Jhkkbckdhc Dhffmgbklbq_kdhc iZjlbb Khxa dhffmgbklbq_kdhc fheh^_`b dhfbkkbb ih jZ[hl_ kj_^b `_gsbg b ij
5. H[mqZxsbfky ]jZfhl_ jZ[hlZxsbf ih gZcfm aZ bkdexq_gb_f aZ
gyluo \ fbeblZjbabjh\Zgguo ij_^ijbylbyo jZ[hqbc ^_gv khdjZsZ_lky gZ ^\Z qZkZ gZ \k_ \j_fy h[mq_gby k khojZg_gb_f aZjZ[hlghc ieZlu
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