Бригадина О.В. История культуры России новейшего времени 1917-2000 гг

ghy[jy ]h^Z bf_xlky \ \b^m kh[ulby \ <_g]jbb \ hdly[j_ – ghy[j_ ] EZg^Zm dZkZykv qe_gh\ ijZ\bl_evkl\Z ]h\hjbe

“Gm dZd fh`gh \_jblv wlhfm Dhfm iZeZqZf \_jblv <hh[s_ wlh ih ahjgh IZeZqb `_ ]gmkgu_ iZeZqb”.

< ^jm]hf jZa]h\hj_ hg kdZaZe

“GZrb \ djh\b [md\Zevgh ih ihyk Lh qlh k^_eZeb \_g]ju wlh kqblZx \_ebqZcrbf ^hklb`_gb_f Hgb i_j\u_ jZa[beb ih-gZklhys_fm gZg_keb ihljykZxsbc m^Zj ih b_amblkdhc b^__ \ gZr_ \j_fy IhljykZxsbc m^Zj ”.

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“B \hl lml-lh [hevr_\bklkdZy iZjlby ihreZ gZ hnhjfe_gb_ < dZdhc-

lh kl_i_gb wlh g_ba[_`gh [ueh Wlh [ueZ b^_y kha^Zgby nZrbklkdh]h ]h km^Zjkl\Z lh _klv ex^b dhlhju_ ^_eZxl j_\hexpbx qlh[u hgb ihemqbeb aZ wlh \ dZq_kl\_ hieZlu mijZ\e_gb_ ]hkm^Zjkl\hf Wlh [ue ehamg] dhlh juc [ue j_Zevguf b dhlhjuc bf_e ]jZg^bhag_crbc mki_o«”

yg\Zjy k ] \ jZa]h\hj_ k qe_ghf-dhjj_kihg^_glhf :G KKKJ RZevgbdh\uf EZg^Zm aZy\be

“Y ^he`_g l_[_ kdZaZlv qlh y kqblZx qlh gZrZ kbkl_fZ dZd y __ agZx

k ] kh\_jr_ggh hij_^_e_ggh _klv nZrbklkdZy kbkl_fZ b hgZ lZdhc hklZeZkv b baf_gblvky lZd ijhklh g_ fh`_l Ihwlhfm \hijhk klhbl h ^\mo \_sZo <h-i_j\uo h lhf \ dZdhc f_j_ \gmljb wlhc nZrbklkdhc kbkl_fu

fh]ml [ulv memqr_gby <h-\lhjuo y kqblZx qlh wlZ kbkl_fZ [m^_l \k_

\j_fy jZkrZlu\Zlvky Y kqblZx qlh ihdZ wlZ kbkl_fZ kms_kl\m_l ib lZlv gZ^_`^u gZ lh qlh hgZ ijb\_^_l d q_fm-lh ijbebqghfm gbdh]^Z

g_evay [ueh \hh[s_ wlh ^Z`_ kf_rgh Y gZ wlh g_ jZkkqblu\Zx”… “GZrb _klv nZrbklu k ]heh\u ^h gh] Hgb fh]ml [ulv [he__ eb[_

jZevgufb f_g__ eb[_jZevgufb gh nZrbklkdb_ b^_b m gbo Gh qlh y kqblZx qm^_kgh wlh qlh \hl b_amblkdbc fbn ]b[g_l”…

GZqZevgbd ki_phl^_eZ

Dhfbl_lZ ]hk[_ahiZkghklb ijb Kh\_l_ Fbgbkljh\ KhxaZ KKJ B\Zgh\

Ebl_jZlmjgZy ]Za_lZ ^_dZ[jy

5. =eZ\guc dhgklmdlhj h[t_dlZ D;- X ; OZjblhg

Ijhba\h^kl\_ggh-iheblbq_kdZy oZjZdl_jbklbdZ gZ gZmqgh]h jm

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yg\Zjy ]

Lh\ O:JBLHG Xebc ;hjbkh\bq ]h^Z jh`^_gby mjh`_g_p ]hj E_gbg]jZ^Z qe_g DIKK k ]h^Z h[jZah\Zgb_ \ukr__ – \ ]h^m

hdhgqbe Ihebl_ogbq_kdbc bgklblml bf DZebgbgZ

220

Lh\ O:JBLHG X ; – jZaghklhjhggbc mq_guc b djmig_crbc ki_ pbZebkl ?s_ aZ \j_fy jZ[hlu \ Nbabdh-l_ogbq_kdhf bgklblml_ b Bgklb lml_ obfbq_kdhc nbabdb :G KKKJ bf [ueh gZibkZgh ^h gZmqgh- bkke_^h\Zl_evkdbo jZ[hl

< ]h^m lh\ O:JBLHG [ue ba[jZg qe_ghf-dhjj_kihg^_glhf :G KKKJ Z \ ]h^m ^_ckl\bl_evguf qe_ghf :dZ^_fbb gZmd KKKJ

K ]h^Z hg \ha]eZ\ey_l \kx gZmqgh-dhgkljmdlhjkdmx jZ[hlm h^ gh]h ba ij_^ijbylbc kljZgu

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Ih^ _]h g_ihkj_^kl\_gguf jmdh\h^kl\hf ij_^ijbylb_ mki_rgh \u ihegbeh jy^ hl\_lkl\_gguo ijZ\bl_evkl\_gguo aZ^Zgbc aZ qlh ihemqbeh \ukhdmx gZ]jZ^m – hj^_g E_gbgZ

>ey lh\ O:JBLHG: oZjZdl_jgZ bkdexqbl_evgh \ukhdZy gZmqgZy lsZl_evghklv b ^h[jhkh\_klghklv \ jZ[hl_ hg jZ[hlZ_l g_ kqblZykv kh \j_f_g_f Wlb dZq_kl\Z lh\ O:JBLHG ijb\b\Z_l b dhee_dlb\m khljm^ gbdh\ qlh \ agZqbl_evghc f_j_ hij_^_ebeh mki_ob \ jZ[hl_ ij_^ijbylby

DZd djmig_crbc ki_pbZebkl \ k\h_c h[eZklb lh\ O:JBLHG X ; ihevam_lky aZkem`_gguf Z\lhjbl_lhf \ rbjhdbo djm]Zo mq_guo

AZ [hevrmx jZ[hlm ijh^_eZggmx lh\ O:JBLHGHF X ; dZd gZmq

guf jmdh\h^bl_e_f ij_^ijbylby IjZ\bl_evkl\h m^hklhbeh _]h a\Zgby eZmj_ZlZ E_gbgkdhc ij_fbb ljb`^u ijbk\hbeh _fm a\Zgb_ =_jhy Kh pbZebklbq_kdh]h Ljm^Z ljb`^u m^hklhbeh a\Zgby eZmj_ZlZ KlZebgkdhc ij_fbb -c kl_i_gb

Lh\ O:JBLHG gZ]jZ`^_g hj^_gZfb E_gbgZ Ljm^h\h]h DjZkgh]h AgZf_gb b DjZkghc A\_a^u – b f_^Zeyfb “AZ h[hjhgm E_gbg]jZ^Z”, “AZ

ljm^h\mx ^h[e_klv”.

H[eZ^Zy [hevrhc ebqghc kdjhfghklvx lh\ O:JBLHG lZdlbq_g \ h[jZs_gbb k khljm^gbdZfb hq_gv \gbfZl_e_g b qmlhd d bo gm`^Zf b aZijhkZf Lh\ O:JBLHG `b\h bgl_j_km_lky \k_fb \hijhkZfb `bagb gZr_c kljZgu G_kfhljy gZ [hevrmx aZgylhklv hg \k_]^Z gZoh^bl \j_fy ^ey mqZklby \ h[s_kl\_gguo f_jhijbylbyo

>\Z`^u ba[bjZeky ^_imlZlhf <_joh\gh]h Kh\_lZ KKKJ

; Fmajmdh\ : Kbedbg

:\lh[bh]jZnby X ; OZjblhgZ

bxey ]

OZjblhg Xebc ;hjbkh\bq

Jh^beky \ E_gbg]jZ^_ \ ]

221

Hl_p – `mjgZebkl hl\_lkl\_gguc j_^Zdlhj dZ^_lkdhc ]Za_lu “J_qv”.

Ihke_ j_\hexpbb [ue aZ\_^mxsbf >hfhf ebl_jZlhjh\ \ E_gbg]jZ^_ <

] [ue Z^fbgbkljZlb\gh \ukeZg aZ ]jZgbpm \ khklZ\_ ]jmiiu b^_h eh]bq_kdb qm`^hc bgl_eeb]_gpbb

@be \ Jb]_ [ue j_^Zdlhjhf wfb]jZglkdhc ]Za_lu “K_]h^gy” >Zev g_crZy _]h km^v[Z fg_ g_ba\_klgZ

FZlv – ZdljbkZ Fhkdh\kdh]h Om^h`_kl\_ggh]h l_ZljZ ih kp_g_ nZ fbeby – ;bj_gk < ] \lhjbqgh \ureZ aZfm` aZ [_jebgkdh]h \jZqZ F Wclbg]hgZ >h ] `beZ \ ;_jebg_ < ] i_j__oZeZ k fm`_f \ L_ev-:\b\ BajZbev ]^_ mf_jeZ \ ]

Hdhgqbe kj_^gxx rdhem \ ] \ E_gbg]jZ^_ < ] ihklmibe \ E_gbg]jZ^kdbc ihebl_ogbq_kdbc bgklblml bf DZebgbgZ dhlhjuc hdhg qbe \ ] ih nbabdh-f_oZgbq_kdhfm nZdmevl_lm kh a\Zgb_f bg`_g_jZ-

nbabdZ

GZqZe jZ[hlZlv k ] KgZqZeZ jZ[hlZe \_q_jhf h^gh\j_f_ggh k mq_[hc \ rdhe_ ^h ] \ dZq_kl\_ dmjv_jZ aZl_f dZlZeh]baZlhjZ \ [b[ebhl_d_ K ih ] jZ[hlZe mq_gbdhf f_oZgbdZ \ fZkl_jkdbo kem`[u l_e_]jZnZ Fhkdh\kdh–<bg^Z\h–Ju[bgkdhc ` ^

K ] h^gh\j_f_ggh k mq_[hc \ Ihebl_ogbq_kdhf bgkl>blm@l_ gZ qZe jZ[hlZlv \ E_gbg]jZ^kdhf nbabdh-l_ogbq_kdhf bgklblml_

< ] i_j_r_e \ \u^_eb\rbcky ba ENLB Bgklblml obfbq_kdhc nbabdb \ dhlhjhf jZ[hlZe ^h ] dh]^Z i_j_r_e \ D;- FKF ]^_

jZ[hlZx \ gZklhys__ \j_fy \ dZq_kl\_ gZmqgh]h jmdh\h^bl_ey < –

]] \_e i_^Z]h]bq_kdmx jZ[hlm < – ]] j_^Zdlbjh\Ze `mj gZe wdki_jbf_glZevghc b l_hj_lbq_kdhc nbabdb

< – ]] gZoh^beky \ gZmqghc dhfZg^bjh\d_ \ D_f[jb^`kdhf

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^_ckl\bl_evguf qe_ghf :G KKKJ Hkgh\gu_ jZ[hlu hlghkylky d h[eZk lb ijhp_kkh\ \aju\Z b p_iguo j_Zdpbc obfbq_kdbo b y^_jguo

Bf_x a\Zgby =_jhy KhpbZebklbq_kdh]h Ljm^Z eZmj_ZlZ KlZebgkdhc ij_fbb eZmj_ZlZ E_gbgkdhc ij_fbb GZ]jZ`^_g hj^_gZfb

Ba[bjZeky ^_imlZlhf <u[hj]kdh]h jZchggh]h Kh\_lZ ] E_gbg]jZ^Z (1935– ^_imlZlhf <_joh\gh]h Kh\_lZ KKKJ

Qe_g DIKK k bxgy ]h^Z

KhklZ\ k_fvb hl_p – OZjblhg ;hjbk Bhkbnh\bq kf \ gZqZe_ klZlvb jh^beky \ Db_\_ fZlv – FbjjZ Ydh\e_\gZ ^_\ nZfbeby ;mjh\kdZy jh^ \ DjZkgh^Zj_ kf \ gZqZe_ klZlvb `_gZ – FZjby GbdheZ_\gZ ^_\ nZ

fbeby <mevnh\bq e_l jh^ \ E_gbg]jZ^_ g_ jZ[hlZ_l \ gZklhys__ \j_fy >hqv – OZjblhg <bdlhjby Xev_\gZ ]h^Z aZfm`_f aZ K_f_gh

\uf Xjb_f GbdheZ_\bq_f ^hp_glhf Bgkl>blm@lZ f_`^mgZjh^guo hl ghr_gbc

222

Hl_p `_gu – <mevnh\bq GbdheZc I_ljh\bq kem`Zsbc mf_j \ ] fZlv `_gu – AZc^_fZg Hev]Z FboZceh\gZ k ] `beZ \ Jb]_ ]^_ ih-\b^b-

fhfm ih]b[eZ \h \j_fy hddmiZpbb K_klju ^hq_jb hlpZ hl i_j\h]h [jZdZ Q_jg_gdh Eb^by ;hjbkh\gZ e_l k_dj_lZjv j_^Zdpbb f_^bpbgkdh]h `mjgZ-

eZ `b\_l \ OZjvdh\_ me :jl_fZ d\ AZoZjh\kdZy NZggb ;hjbkh\gZ

e_l i_^Z]h] ih bkijZ\e_gbx ^_n_dlh\ j_qb jZ[hlZ_l \ E_gbg]jZ^kdhf bgklblml_ moZ ]hjeZ ghkZ `b\_l \ E_gbg]jZ^_ me Q_oh\Z d\

X OZjblhg

Bklhjbq_kdbc Zjob\ ‹ K –137.

6. Ba AZdhgZ KKKJ “H[ mdj_ie_gbb k\yab rdheu k `bagvx b h ^Zevg_cr_f jZa\blbb kbkl_fu gZjh^gh]h h[jZah\Zgby \ KKKJ”

^_dZ[jy ]

JZa^_e I. H kj_^g_c rdhe_

KlZlvy 1. =eZ\ghc aZ^Zq_c kh\_lkdhc rdheu y\ey_lky ih^]hlh\dZ

mqZsboky d `bagb h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_aghfm ljm^m ^Zevg_cr__ ih\ur_ gb_ mjh\gy h[s_]h b ihebl_ogbq_kdh]h h[jZah\Zgby ih^]hlh\dZ h[jZah \Zgguo ex^_c ohjhrh agZxsbo hkgh\u gZmd; \hkiblZgb_ fheh^_`b \

^mo_ ]em[hdh]h m\Z`_gby d ijbgpbiZf khpbZebklbq_kdh]h h[s_kl\Z \ ^mo_ b^_c dhffmgbafZ

<_^msbf gZqZehf h[mq_gby b \hkiblZgby \ kj_^g_c rdhe_ ^he`gZ klZlv l_kgZy k\yav h[mq_gby k ljm^hf k ijZdlbdhc dhffmgbklbq_kdh]h kljhbl_evkl\Z

KlZlvy 2. <\_klb \ KKKJ \f_klh \k_h[s_]h h[yaZl_evgh]h k_fbe_lg_]h h[jZah\Zgby \k_h[s_h[yaZl_evgh_ \hkvfbe_lg__ h[jZah\Zgb_

<hkvfbe_lgyy rdheZ y\ey_lky g_iheghc kj_^g_c h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evghc ljm^h\hc ihebl_ogbq_kdhc rdhehc dhlhjZy ^he`gZ ^Z\Zlv mqZsbfky ijhq-

gu_ hkgh\u h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo b ihebl_ogbq_kdbo agZgbc \hkiblu\Zlv ex[h\v d ljm^m b ]hlh\ghklv d h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_aghc ^_yl_evghklb hkm s_kl\eylv gjZ\kl\_ggh_ nbabq_kdh_ b wkl_lbq_kdh_ \hkiblZgb_ ^_l_c

Mq_[gh-\hkiblZl_evgZy jZ[hlZ \ \hkvfbe_lg_c rdhe_ ^he`gZ [ulv

ihkljh_gZ gZ khq_lZgbb bamq_gby hkgh\ gZmd ihebl_ogbq_kdh]h h[mq_ gby b ljm^h\h]h \hkiblZgby rbjhdh]h \h\e_q_gby rdhevgbdh\ \ ^hk lmigu_ \ bo \hajZkl_ nhjfu h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_agh]h ljm^Z«

KlZlvy 4. MklZgh\blv ke_^mxsb_ hkgh\gu_ lbiu

IhklZgh\e_gbyfb PD DIKK b Kh\_lZ Fbgbkljh\ KKKJ hl Z\]mklZ 1964 ] b hl n_\jZey ] Z lZd`_ MdZahf Ij_ab^bmfZ <_joh\gh]h

223

Kh\_lZ KKKJ hl fZjlZ ] \ gZklhysbc AZdhg [ueb \g_k_gu g_dhlh ju_ baf_g_gby mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbc ^Zxsbo ihegh_ kj_^g__ h[jZah\Zgb_

Z rdheu jZ[hq_c b k_evkdhc fheh^_`b – \_q_jgb_ kf_ggu_ kj_^gb_

h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ rdheu \ dhlhjuo ebpZ hdhgqb\rb_ \hkvfbe_l gxx rdhem b jZ[hlZxsb_ \ h^ghc ba hljZke_c gZjh^gh]h ohayckl\Z ih emqZxl kj_^g__ h[jZah\Zgb_ b ih\urZxl ijhn_kkbhgZevgmx d\ZebnbdZ pbx Hij_^_eblv kjhd h[mq_gby \ wlbo rdheZo \ ]h^Z

< p_eyo kha^Zgby g_h[oh^bfuo mkeh\bc mqZsbfky \_q_jgbo kf_g guo kj_^gbo h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evguo rdhe Kh\_lm Fbgbkljh\ KKKJ mk lZgh\blv ^ey mki_rgh h[mqZxsboky [_a hlju\Z hl ijhba\h^kl\Z khdjZ s_gguc jZ[hqbc ^_gv beb khdjZs_ggmx jZ[hqmx g_^_ex

[ kj_^gb_ h[s_h[jZah\Zl_evgu_ ljm^h\u_ ihebl_ogbq_kdb_ rdheu k

ijhba\h^kl\_gguf h[mq_gb_f \ dhlhjuo ebpZ hdhgqb\rb_ \hkvfbe_l gxx rdhem ihemqZxl \ l_q_gb_ e_l kj_^g__ h[jZah\Zgb_ b ijhn_kkbh gZevgmx ih^]hlh\dm ^ey jZ[hlu \ h^ghc ba hljZke_c gZjh^gh]h ohayckl\Z beb dmevlmju

Khhlghr_gb_ l_hjbb b ijZdlbdb \ ijhba\h^kl\_gghf h[mq_gbb b q_ j_^h\Zgb_ i_jbh^h\ h[mq_gby b ljm^Z mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl ijhnbey ki_pbZevghc ih^]hlh\db mqZsboky b hl f_klguo mkeh\bc < k_evkdbo rdheZo mq_[guc ]h^ ke_^m_l kljhblv k mq_lhf k_ahgghklb k_ev kdhohayckl\_gguo jZ[hl

Ijhba\h^kl\_ggh_ h[mq_gb_ b h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_aguc ljm^ fh]ml ijh\h^blvky \ mq_[guo b ijhba\h^kl\_gguo p_oZo [eb`Zcrbo ij_^-

ijbylbc \ mq_gbq_kdbo [jb]Z^Zo dheohah\ b kh\ohah\ \ mq_[gh-hiulguo ohayckl\Zo \ rdhevguo b f_`rdhevguo mq_[gh-ijhba\h^kl\_gguo fZk l_jkdbo

\ l_ogbdmfu b ^jm]b_ kj_^gb_ ki_pbZevgu_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby \ dh

lhjuo ebpZ hdhgqb\rb_ \hkvfbe_lgxx rdhem ihemqZxl kj_^g__ h[s__ b kj_^g__ ki_pbZevgh_ h[jZah\Zgb_

JZa^_e IV. H \ukr_c rdhe_

KlZlvy 28. Ih^]hlh\dm ki_pbZebklh\ \ \ukrbo mq_[guo aZ\_^_gbyo

ijh\h^blv gZ [Za_ ihegh]h kj_^g_]h h[jZah\Zgby gZ hkgh\_ kh_^bg_gby h[mq_gby k h[s_kl\_ggh ihe_aguf ljm^hf Dhgdj_lgu_ nhjfu kh_^bg_ gby h[mq_gby k ijZdlbdhc k ljm^hf ^he`gu hij_^_eylvky \ aZ\bkbfhklb hl ijhnbey \maZ hl khklZ\Z klm^_glh\ Z lZd`_ hl gZpbhgZevguo b f_kl guo hkh[_gghkl_c

< \ukrb_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby ijbgbfZlv gZ hkgh\_ oZjZdl_jbklbd \u^Z\Z_fuo iZjlbcgufb ijhnkhxagufb dhfkhfhevkdbfb b ^jm]bfb h[s_kl\_ggufb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb jmdh\h^bl_eyfb ijhfure_gguo ij_^ijbylbc b ijZ\e_gbyfb dheohah\ k l_f qlh[u iml_f dhgdmjkgh]h

224

hl[hjZ aZqbkeylv \ \mau gZb[he__ ^hklhcguo ijhy\b\rbo k_[y gZ ijhba\h^kl\_ ih^]hlh\e_gguo b kihkh[guo ex^_c Ijb aZqbke_gbb \ \ukrb_ mq_[gu_ aZ\_^_gby ij_^hklZ\eylv ij_bfms_kl\Z ebpZf bf_xsbf klZ` ijZdlbq_kdhc jZ[hlu

KlZlvy 29. IjbagZlv g_h[oh^bfuf \k_f_jgh_ memqr_gb_ b jZkrbj_

gb_ \_q_jg_]h b aZhqgh]h h[jZah\Zgby iml_f mdj_ie_gby aZhqguo b \_ q_jgbo \mah\ jZa\blby k_lb \_q_jg_]h b aZhqgh]h h[jZah\Zgby gZ [Za_ klZpbhgZjguo \mah\ hj]ZgbaZpbb \_q_jg_c b aZhqghc ih^]hlh\db ki_ pbZebklh\ g_ihkj_^kl\_ggh ijb djmiguo ijhfure_gguo b k_evkdhoh ayckl\_gguo ij_^ijbylbyo

GZjh^gh_ h[jZah\Zgb_ \ KKKJ: K[ ^hdmf_glh\ – ]] F 1974. K 53–61.

7. AZibkdZ Hl^_eZ ijhiZ]Zg^u b Z]blZpbb PD DIKK ih khxaguf j_kim[ebdZf “H klZlv_ ©?keb fZjr g_ ku]jZxl nZglZkluª him[ebdh\Zgghc \ `mjgZe_©AgZgb_ – kbeZª ‹

] ”2

^_dZ[jy ].

PD DIKK

Hl^_ehf ijhiZ]Zg^u b Z]blZpbb PD DIKK aZ^_j`Zg \uimkd -]h ghf_ jZ `mjgZeZ “AgZgb_ – kbeZ” y\eyxs_]hky hj]Zghf =hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h dh-

fbl_lZ Kh\_lZ Fbgbkljh\ KKKJ ih ijhnl_ogbq_kdhfm h[jZah\Zgbx < wlhf ghf_j_ him[ebdh\ZgZ klZlvy K :evlrme_jZ “?keb fZjr g_ ku]jZxl

nZglZklu ” \ dhlhjhc ^Z_lky g_ijZ\bevgZy hp_gdZ jZ[hlu kh\_lkdbo mq_guo < klZlv_ ijhlb\hihklZ\e_gu mq_gu_ ibkZl_eyf-nZglZklZf ijb

wlhf jZ[hlZ mq_guo ijbgb`_gZ mq_gu_ ij_^klZ\e_gu dZd [_ki_jki_d lb\gu_ wfibjbdb g_ kihkh[gu_ \ k\hbo ijZdlbq_kdbo ljm^Zo m\b^_lv agZq_gb_ bo \ jZa\blbb gZmdb >_eZxlky g_e_iu_ \u\h^u qlh [m^lh [u “?klv hkgh\Zgb_ ml\_j`^Zlv qlh gZklmie_gb_ Zlhfgh]h \_dZ lh`_ aZih

a^Zeh b ijblhf ih \bg_ mq_guo ijbf_jgh gZ e_l”.

:\lhj klZlvb aZ^Z_l \hijhk: “Qlh lhjfhabl jZa\blb_ gZmdb" Ihq_fm jh

dh\uf h[jZahf ke_ihlZ ihjZ`Z_l mq_guo dZd jZa \ lhl fhf_gl dh]^Z hgb dZaZehkv [u ^he`gu \k_fm fbjm hldjulv ]eZaZ gZ agZq_gb_ gh\uo l_hjbc

b hiulh\"” b ^Z_l kh\_jr_ggh g_e_iuc hl\_l

“JZa\blb_ gZmdb lhjfhabl g_\_jb_ mq_guo \ gZmqgu_ nZglZabb” I_

j_njZabjmy klbob < FZydh\kdh]h Z\lhj klZlvb aZy\ey_l “<k_ mq_gu_ g_ ^\bgml \i_j_^ gZmdm _keb fZjr g_ ku]jZxl nZglZklu”2 Hg \ hkdhj[b

l_evghf lhg_ aZy\ey_l qlh mq_gu_ gbq_]h g_ kfukeyl \ gZmd_ m gbo g_l

225

gb gZ ]jhr nZglZabb b k\h_c ^_yl_evghklvx hgb ijbghkyl g_bkqbkeb fuc \j_^ q_eh\_q_kl\m ihlhfm qlh “g_ \b^yl ^Zevr_ kh[kl\_ggh]h gh

kZ” Ijb wlhf “kiZkZlv q_eh\_q_kl\h ^he`gu jbgmlvky l_ dlh gZibkZe ohlv h^bg gZmqgh-nZglZklbq_kdbc jZkkdZa beb ohly [u ^mfZ_l qlh fh`_l

_]h gZibkZlv NZglZklu \hj\mlky \ dZ[bg_lu mq_guo qlh[u ihgm^blv bo dhj_gguf h[jZahf i_j_kljhblv jZ[hlm B mq_gu_ ihdhjylky nZglZklZf \_^v ^hdZaZgh qlh bo [ebahjmdhklv ^hjh]h h[hreZkv q_eh\_q_kl\m”.

Him[ebdh\Zgb_ lZdhc klZlvb fh`_l ^Zlv ih\h^ ^ey g_\_jguo \u\h^h\ h[ hlghr_gbb d gZmd_ b mq_guf \ gZr_c kljZg_ [m^_l g_ijZ\bevgh hjb _glbjh\Zlv fheh^_`v y\eyxsmxky hkgh\guf qblZl_e_f `mjgZeZ \ \h ijhkZo hp_gdb kh\j_f_gguo ^hklb`_gbc gZmdb

KqblZ_f qlh j_^Zdpby `mjgZeZ “AgZgb_ – kbeZ” ^himklbeZ hrb[dm him[ebdh\Z\ klZlvx K :evlrme_jZ “?keb fZjr g_ ku]jZxl nZglZklu”…

B^_heh]bq_kdb_ dhfbkkbb PD DIKK 1958–1964: >hdmf_glu F , 1998.

K 227–228.

8. Hkgh\gu_ ihdZaZl_eb dmevlmjgh]h kljhbl_evkl\Z \ KKKJ

226

GZjh^gh_ h[jZah\Zgb_ gZmdZ \ dmevlmjZ \ KKKJ F K –8.

DMEVLMJ: B B>?HEH=BY

9. Ba aZibkdb Hl^_eZ ijhiZ]Zg^u b Z]blZpbb PD DIKK k_dj_lZjx PD DIKK I G Ihki_eh\m h[ batylbb ba h[jZs_gby ba^Zgbc k mihfbgZgb_f bf_gb E I ;_jbb3

k_gly[jy ]

K?DJ?L:JX PD DIKK lh\ IHKI?EH<M I G

Fbgbklj \gmlj_ggbo ^_e KKKJ l Djm]eh\ ij_^klZ\be \ PD DIKK

kibkhd dgb] \ dhlhjuo mihfbgZ_lky b pblbjm_lky ;_jby Lh\ Djm]eh\ ij_^eZ]Z_l batylv ba fZkkh\uo [b[ebhl_d b dgb]hlhj]h\hc k_lb dgb]b kh^_j`Zsb_ ijyfh_ \hko\Ze_gb_ ;_jbb Z \ dgb]Zo bf_xsbo pblZlu ba _]h j_q_c k^_eZlv g_h[oh^bfu_ bkijZ\e_gby iml_f m^Ze_gby hl^_ev guo kljZgbp

Hl^_e ijhiZ]Zg^u b Z]blZpbb PD DIKK jZkkfhlj_e ij_^eh`_gby Fbgbkl_jkl\Z \gmlj_ggbo ^_e IheZ]Z_f qlh ke_^h\Zeh [u kh]eZkblvky k ij_^eh`_gb_f h[ batylbb ba h[jZs_gby dgb]b ba i_j_qbke_gguo \ i_j\hc qZklb kibkdZ Ljb dgb]b ©E_gbgkdZy “BkdjZ” – d iylb^_kylbe_

lbx kh ^gy \uoh^Z i_j\h]h ghf_jZª E FZcjhgh\kdbc “;ZlmfkdZy ^_ fhgkljZpby ].” b “Ihwaby =jmabb” Zglheh]by – p_e_khh[jZagh hk

lZ\blv \ [b[ebhl_dZo ihkdhevdm wlb dgb]b y\eyxlky p_ggufb ^ey qblZ l_e_c Z bf_xsb_ky \ gbo hl^_evgu_ pblZlu ba j_q_c ;_jbb g_ hljZ`Z xlky gZ kh^_j`Zgbb dgb] Ba dgb]b “Ihwaby =jmabb” p_e_khh[jZagh m^Z

227

eblv ij_^bkeh\b_ b kljZgbpu kh^_j`Zsb_ klbohl\hj_gby ihk\ys_ggu_ ;_jbb

Qlh dZkZ_lky dgb] i_j_qbke_gguo \h \lhjhc qZklb kibkdZ dhlhju_ ih fg_gbx Fbgbkl_jkl\Z \gmlj_ggbo ^_e p_e_khh[jZagh hklZ\blv \ h[jZ s_gbb ihke_ m^Ze_gby ba gbo klZl_c ihjlj_lh\ b pblZl ba j_q_c ;_jbb lh iheZ]Z_f g_h[oh^bfuf

1. Batylv ba h[jZs_gby ke_^mxsb_ ba wlbo dgb] dZd g_ ij_^klZ\

eyxsb_ gZmqghc p_gghklb b ba dhlhjuo g_\hafh`gh m^Zeblv kljZgbpu kh^_j`Zsb_ mihfbgZgby h ;_jbb k[hjgbd “;hevr_\bklkdZy i_qZlv” ba^

]] : >_gbkh\ “=hkm^Zjkl\_ggh_ mkljhckl\h KKKJ khxaguo b Z\lhghfguo j_kim[ebd”, “DZe_g^Zjv dheohagbdZ gZ ]h^” : Ib- jZ^h\ “Lblh\pu – hjm`_ghkpu Zf_jbdZgh-Zg]ebckdbo ih^`b]Zl_e_c \hc- gu”, “Dgb]Z \h`Zlh]h”, “DjZldbc iheblbq_kdbc keh\Zjv” ba^ ]h^Z b

]h^Z IheZ]Z_f g_p_e_khh[jZaguf hklZ\eylv \ hldjulhf ihevah\Z- gbb Zev[hf “Bhkbn <bkkZjbhgh\bq KlZebg” d k_fb^_kylbe_lbx kh ^gy jh`^_gby B < KlZebgZ lZd dZd \ g_f bf__lky ebklh\ k ihjlj_lZfb

;_jbb m^Ze_gb_ dhlhjuo gZjmrbl p_ehklghklv Zev[hfZ Ke_^h\Zeh [u lZd`_ i_j_\_klb \ aZdjulu_ nhg^u [b[ebhl_d k[hjgbd klZl_c ih-

k\ys_gguo r_klb^_kylbe_lbx B < KlZebgZ bf_xsZyky \ wlhf k[hjgb d_ klZlvy ;_jbb g_ fh`_l [ulv m^Ze_gZ [_a ms_j[Z ^ey ^jm]bo klZl_c

...3. K ij_^eh`_gb_f h[ bkijZ\e_gbb hklZevguo dgb] i_j_qbke_gguo \ kibkd_ ke_^h\Zeh [u kh]eZkblvky

Ijhkbf <Zr_]h kh]eZkby i_j_^Zlv wlb aZf_qZgby lh\ Djm]eh\m < Fhkdh\kdbc < Nhfbq_\

Bklhjby kh\_lkdhc iheblbq_kdhc p_gamju« K 104–105.

10. IRFlDgR\eHgbH P. .I&& “2[ bFiSD\eHgbb Rrb[Rd \ RpHgd_ RiHS ©%HebdDy ^S\`[Dª ©;R]^Dg ;fHevgbpdbcª b ©2l \FH]R FHS^pDª´

fDy ]

P. .I&& RlfHqDHl qlR iRFlDgR\eHgbH P. R[ RiHSH % Mypa^Heb

“%HebdDy ^S\`[D”4 Rl nH\SDey ] \ pHeRf Fu]SDeR iReR`blHev- g\x SRev \ SDa\blbb FR\HlFdR]R f\audDevgR]R bcd\FFl\D % wlRf iRFlD-

gR\eHgbb RiSH^HeyebFv aD^Dqb SDa\blby f\audDevgR]R bFd\FFl\D gD RFgR\H iSbgpbiR\ FRpbDebFlbqHFdR]R SHDebafD iR^qHSdb\DeRFv agDqe-

gbH k\yab bFd\FFl\D F `bagvx FR\HlFdR]R gDSR^D F e\qrbfb ^HfRdSD-

lbqHFdbfb lSD^bpbyfb f\audDevgRc deDFFbdb b gDSR^gR]R l\RSq_Fl\D &iSD\H^eb\R [ueb RF\`^Hgu nRSfDebFlbqHFdbH lHg^Hgpbb \ f\audH fgbfRH “gR\DlRSFl\R” \\R^b\rHH bFd\FFl\R Rl gDSR^D b iSH\SDsD\rHH

228

H]R \ ^RFlRygbH \adR]R dS\]D wFlHlFl\\xsb[ ]\SfDgR\ 3Da\blbH FR\Hl- FdRc f\audb \ iRFeH^\xsbH ]R^u iR^l\HS^beR iSD\bevgRFlv b F\RH\SH- fHggRFlv wlb[ \dDaDgbc iDSlbb

%fHFlH F lHf RpHgdb l\RSqHFl\D Rl^Hevgu[ dRfiRablRSR\ ^DgguH \ wlRf iRFlDgR\eHgbb \ Sy^H Fe\qDH\ [ueb [Ha^RdDaDlHevgufb % RiHSH B. 0\SD^Heb ³%HebdDy ^S\`[D´ bfHebFv gH^RFlDldb dRlRSuH aDFe\`b\D-

eb ^HeR\Rc dSblbdb R^gDdR Rgb gH ^D\Deb RFgR\Dgbc R[ty\eylv RiHS\ iSbfHSRf nRSfDebafD \ f\audH 7DeDgleb\uH dRfiRablRSu ll > RRF-

lDdR\bq & ISRdRnvH\ $ ;DqDl\Syg % RH[Debg = IRiR\ + 0yFdR\-

Fdbc b ^S \ Rl^Hevgu[ iSRba\H^Hgby[ dRlRSu[ iSRy\eyebFv gH\HSguH lHg^Hgpbb [ueb R]\evgR gDa\Dgu iSH^klD\blHeyfb DglbgDSR^gR]R nRS-

fDebFlbqHFdR]R gDiSD\eHgby

% iRFlDgR\eHgbb \RiSHdb bFlRSbqHFdbf nDdlDf [ueR ^Ri\sHgR \ F\yab F dSblbdRc RiHSu 0\SD^Heb bFd\FFl\HggRH iSRlb\RiRFlD\eHgbH R^gb[ gDSR^R\ &H\HSgR]R .D\dDaD ^S\]bf

+HdRlRSuH gH\HSguH RpHgdb \ \dDaDggRf iRFlDgR\eHgbb RlSD`Deb F\[tHdlb\guc iR^[R^ d Rl^Hevguf iSRba\H^Hgbyf bcd\FFl\D b l\RSqH-

Fl\D FR FlRSRgu B B. &lDebgD &\[tHdlb\guc iR^[R^ B B. &lDebgD \ RpHgdH Rl^Hevgu[ iSRba\H^Hgbc bFd\FFl\D iSRy\beFy lDd`H \ R^gRFlR- SRggHc b lHg^HgpbRagRc dSblbdH RiHS . >Dgvd_\bqD “;R]^Dg ;fHevgbp- dbc´ b = @\dR\FdR]R ³Hl \FH]R FHS^pD´ \ SH^DdpbRggu[ FlDlvy[ ]DaHlu “ISD\^D” Ri\[ebdR\Dggu[ iR H]R \dDaDgbx \ ] $ dDd ba\HFlgR gD &laebgD \ SHrHgbb wlb[ \RiSRFR\ \HFvfD RlSbpDlHevgRH \ebygbH RdDau- \Deb 0ReRlR\ 0aeHgdR\ ;HSby +HFfRlSy gD lR qlR \ eb[SHllR b \ f\-

audH RiHSu ³;R]^Dg ;fHevgbpdbc´ bfHebFv gH^RFlDldb gHRiSD\^Dgguf [ueR \l\HS`^HgbH R ³dS\igu[ b^Hcgu[ iRSRdD[” eb[SHllR gDibFDggR]R

ba\HFlgufb FR\HlFdbfb ibFDlHeyfb – B. %DFbeH\FdRc b $ .RSgHcq\dRf D lDd`H R[\bgHgby dRfiRablRSD . >DgvdH\bqD \ [HFiSbgpbighFlb

P. .I&& iRFlDgR\eyHl

1.2lfHlblv qlR \ iRFlDgR\eHgbb P. Rl nH\SDey ]. R[ RiHSH B. 0\SD^Heb “;RevrDy ^S\`[D” iSD\bevgR RiSH^Heb\r_f gDiSD\eHgbH SDa\blby FR\HlFdR]R bFd\FFl\D gD i\lb gDSR^gRFlb b SHDebafD b FR- ^HS`D\rHf FiSD\H^eb\\x dSblbd\ Rrb[Rqgu[ nRSfDebFlbqHFdb[ lHg- ^Hgpbc \ f\audH – \ lR `H \SHfy [ueb ^Ri\sHgu gHdRlRSuH gHFiSD-

\H^eb\uH b gHRiSD\^DggR SHadbH RpHgdb l\RSqHFl\D Sy^D lDeDgleb\u[ FR\HlFdb[ dRfiRablRSR\ qlR [ueR iSRy\eHgbHf RlSbpDlHevgu[ qHSl [DSDdlHSgu[ ^ey iHSbR^D d\evlD ebqgRFlb

2. ISbagDlv gHiSD\bevgRc R^gRFlRSRggHc RpHgd\ \ SH^DdpbRggu[ FlDlvy[ ]DaHlu “ISD\^D” RiHS ³;R]^Dg ;fHevgbpdbc´ b ³2l \FH]R FHS^pD´ IRS\qblv SH^Ddpbb ]DaHlu “ISD\^D” l &DlxdR\\ gD RFgR\H gDFlRysH]R SHrHgby iR^]RlR\blv SH^DdpbRgg\x FlDlvx F \FHFlRSRggbf

229