Бригадина О.В. История культуры России новейшего времени 1917-2000 гг

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Hl_q_kl\_ggu_ Zjob\u ‹ K –77.

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170

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Jhkkby dhlhjmx fu g_ agZeb« K –88.

18. H ;_j]]hevp h i_j\hf bkiheg_gbb K_^vfhc kbfnhgbb > RhklZdh\bqZ \ [ehdZ^ghf E_gbg]jZ^_3

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171

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: kd\hav bamfbl_evgmx wlm fmaudm \k_ \j_fy a\mqZe g_]jhfdbc kihdhcguc b fm^juc ]hehk __ kha^Zl_ey – >fbljby RhklZdh\bqZ ^hgh

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;_j]]hevp H Kh[j khq < l L E K –152.

19. Ba aZibkguo dgb`_d : >h\`_gdh 4

1942– ]]

18.VI.1942

Gbdh]^Z \ bklhjbb g_ [ueh kemqZy qlh[u klbev ijh\ha]eZrZeky jZgv- r_ q_f [m^ml kha^Zgu kZfb ijhba\_^_gby

Gbdh]^Z g_ ih\_jx qlh[u iZiZ ]h\hjbe gZijbf_j ;hllbq_eeb ³KemrZc KZg^jh lu `_ ihfgb qlh fu k_cqZk j_rbeb kha^Zlv klbev J_ g_kkZgkZ ke_^h\Zl_evgh ijhrm [_a mdehgh\´

Klbev – j_amevlZl hij_^_e_ggh]h l\hjq_kdh]h i_jbh^Z k\h[h^gh]h b

h[mkeh\e_ggh]h Z g_ kieZgbjh\Zggh]h G_evay ieZgbjh\Zlv klbev \ bk dmkkl\_ dZd wlh [_kihfhsgh iulZ_lky ^_eZlv gZr_ gZb\gh_ h[s_kl\h \ \hijhkZo bkdmkkl\Z«

28.VI.1942

I_j\h_ qlh g_h[oh^bfh [m^_l kjZam `_ ihke_ \hcgu dZl_]hjbq_kdb baf_gblv – wlh \kx kbkl_fm rdhevgh]h b ^hrdhevgh]h h[jZah\Zgby G_

h[oh^bfh i_j_kfhlj_lv b i_j_ljyklb __ k\_jom ^hgbam

172

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ij_^f_l ih^jZ`Zgby ^ey j_[_gdZ ^hklhcguc qbkluc Z\lhjbl_lguc m\Z`Z_fuc jh^bl_eyfb – g_l g_l m gZk gZjh^gh]h mqbl_ey Fu k^_eZeb

ba g_]h [_kijZ\gh]h fZevqbdZ gZ ih[_]mrdZo ex[h]h ij_^k_^Zl_ey dhe ohaZ ex[h]h ^y^vdb b mlhgmeZ fheh^_`v \ g_\_`_kl\_ \ [_koZjZdl_jgh klb keZ[h^mrbb [_ahl\_lkl\_gghklb b jZa]bev^yckl\_

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gblv[ gZrbo ^_\qZl k g_fpZfb«

29.VI. 1942

GZqbgZ_lky jZaeh`_gb_ Ihy\eyxlky rZdZeu ljmku rdmjgbdb b fb a_jgu_ nex]_ju iZjlbcgu_ b [_kiZjlbcgu_ dhlhjuf gbdh]^Z g_ [ueh ^_eZ ^h gZjh^Z ^ey dhlhjuo gZjh^ kms_kl\h\Ze \k_]^Z dZd ijbkem]Z dZd deZkk dZd fm`bdb Ljmku aZ[m^ml h[h \k_f gZ k\_l_ b ij_^ty\yl _s_ h[ \bg_gb_ ihq_fm lZd iehoh \_eZkv \hcgZ : emqrbo ex^_c fgh]h ih]b[ g_l \ [hyo

G_^h[ju_ ho g_^h[ju_ \_lju ih^mxl m gZk ihke_ \hcgu Fgh]h_ ijb^_lky eZlZlv fgh]h_ i_j_^_eu\Zlv gZgh\h ^_kyldZfb e_l

Fgh]h [_^ghklb g_^heb b g_m^h\e_l\hj_gghklb `^_l gZr gZjh^ Qlh `_ y ^he`_g ^_eZlv" ;m^m ^h kf_jlb qlh [u lZf b dZd [u lZf gb keh`bebkv \j_f_gZ l\hjblv E_gbgh\h ^_eh b[h dZd [u gb m]jh`ZeZ _fm fbjh\Zy hiZkghklv dZd [u gb dhfijhf_lbjh\Zeb _]h ^mjgh]heh\u_ gZrb iZjlbcgu_ b [_kiZjlbcgu_ \Zj\Zju ki_dmeyglu b ^mjZdb \k_-

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H]hgzd ] ‹ K

173

20. D Kbfhgh\ Ba klbohl\hj_gby³?keb ^hjh] l_[_ l\hc ^hf´

Bxev ]

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174

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:k__\ G G KZfu_ fhb klbob F K

22. < G_djZkh\³LZd b^_l `bagv´

< [ZlZevhgZo \k_]h ih ^_\ylv-^_kylv Zdlb\guo rludh\ ;u\Z_l b

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K ijh^mdlZfb lh`_ g_\Z`gh KgZ[`Zxl gZk ³dmdmjmagbdb´ K[jZku \Zxl ih ghqZf aZ\_jgmlu_ \ jh]h`m lxdb k kmoZjyfb b dhgp_gljZlZfb

175

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G_djZkh\ < I < hdhiZo KlZebg]jZ^Z F K –257.

23. Ba aZibkghc dgb`db ? : >hefZlh\kdh]h ³JZag_km bo ^hf´

=hj R\_jbg-gZ-<Zjl_ n_\jZev ]h^Z

Ijb_oZe k ;hjbkhf =hj[Zlh\uf q_j_a qZk ihke_ hk\h[h`^_gby

G_l y gZibkZe g_ijZ\bevgh g_ ihke_ hk\h[h`^_gby Z ihke_ aZgylby ]h jh^Z ;hevr_ g_ [m^_l hk\h[h`^_gbc lhevdh \aylb_ ]hjh^h\ Kh\_jr_g gh g_\_jhylgh qlh fu \ =_jfZgbb Fu j_rbeb hklZlvky ^h mljZ GZ^h hlibkZlvky GZreb imklhc g_f_pdbc ^hf Ijb k\_qZo ibkZeb dhjj_k ihg^_gpbb <^jm] ^hf ihrZlgmeky jZa^Zeky dZdhc-lh m^Zj gh g_ k\_j

om Z dZd [u kgbam lZd qlh wlh g_ kgZjy^ Fu k ;hjbkhf gZdbgmeb rbg_ eb gZ ie_qb \ukdhqbeb gZ mebpm KljZggh_ aj_ebs_ – lZgd [h^Z_l kl_gm

gZr_c h[bl_eb ³Ljb^pZlvq_l\_jdZ´ Exd hldjul \ [Zrg_ klhbl lZgdbkl ;hjbk ih^[_`Ze d g_fm baeh\qbeky aZe_a gZ [jhgx klZe jm]Zlvky k lZg dbklhf <k_-lZdb lZgdbkl hl\_e fZrbgm gZ k_j_^bgm mebpu \ue_a klZe k

gZfb Fhj^Z aZdhiq_ggZy ]eZaZ ]hjyl dZd m g_]jZ ihqlb ieZqmsbc ]h ehk ³Hgb k\hehqb fhc ^hf kh`]eb hlpZ fZlv `_gm ^_l_c kh`]eb Y ihdeyeky \hc^m \ =_jfZgbx jZag_km bo ^hf i_j\uc dZdhc ihemqr_´ ;hjbk klZe _]h mkihdZb\Zlv b ijh\h^blv ihebljZ[hlm ijb]eZkbe \_kv wdbiZ` \ ^hf b fu \ ]hklbghc ijb k\_qZo \uibeb ljhn_cguc dhgvyd

LZd fu ijh\_eb i_j\uc \_q_j \ =_jfZgbb

>hefZlh\kdbc ? : ;ueh AZibkdb ihwlZ F K –138.

24. < =jhkkfZg³GZjh^gh_ gZpbhgZevgh_ khagZgb_ \ lZdmx ihjm ij_djZkgh ihlhfm qlh hgh q_eh\_qgh´

< lZcg_ g_ f_gvr_c q_f lZ qlh hdmlu\ZeZ ih^]hlh\dm klZebg- ]jZ^kdh]h gZklmie_gby khagZgb_ ex^_c kh\_jrbeh ih^]hlh\dm d i_j_oh

176

^m d kh\_jr_ggh gh\hfm \a]ey^m gZ kh[ulby `bagb WlZ kh\_jrZ\rZyky \ ih^khagZgbb i_j_djbklZeebaZpby \i_j\u_ klZeZ y\ghc aZy\beZ h k_[_ ihke_ klZebg]jZ^kdh]h gZklmie_gby

Lh qlh ijhbahreh \ q_eh\_q_kdhf khagZgbb hlebqZehkv hl ijhbkoh ^b\r_]h \ ^gb fhkdh\kdh]h mki_oZ ohly \g_rg_ dZaZehkv hlebqbc g_l

Hlebqb_ aZdexqZehkv \ lhf qlh fhkdh\kdZy ih[_^Z \ hkgh\ghf ih kem`beZ baf_g_gbx hlghr_gby d g_fpZf Fbklbq_kdh_ hlghr_gb_ d g_ f_pdhc Zjfbb dhgqbehkv \ ^_dZ[j_ ]h^Z

KlZebg]jZ^ klZebg]jZ^kdh_ gZklmie_gb_ kihkh[kl\h\Zeh gh\hfm kZ fhkhagZgbx Zjfbb b gZk_e_gby Kh\_lkdb_ jmkkdb_ ex^b ih-gh\hfm klZ

eb ihgbfZlv kZfbo k_[y ih-gh\hfm klZeb hlghkblvky d ex^yf jZaguo

gZpbhgZevghkl_c Bklhjby Jhkkbb klZeZ \hkijbgbfZlvky dZd bklhjby jmkkdhc keZ\u Z g_ dZd bklhjby kljZ^Zgbc b mgb`_gbc jmkkdbo dj_klvyg b jZ[hqbo GZpbhgZevgh_ ba we_f_glZ nhjfu i_j_reh \ kh^_j`Zgb_ klZ eh gh\hc hkgh\hc fbjhihgbfZgby

< ^gb fhkdh\kdh]h mki_oZ ^_ckl\h\Zeb ^h\h_ggu_ klZju_ ghjfu fure_gby ^h\h_ggu_ ij_^klZ\e_gby

I_j_hkfukeb\Zgb_ kh[ulbc \hcgu hkhagZgb_ kbeu jmkkdh]h hjm`by ]hkm^Zjkl\Z y\behkv qZklvx [hevrh]h ^ebl_evgh]h rbjhdh]h ijhp_kkZ

Ijhp_kk wlhl gZqZeky aZ^he]h ^h \hcgu h^gZdh hg ijhbkoh^be ]eZ\ guf h[jZahf g_ \ khagZgbb gZjh^Z Z \ _]h ih^khagZgbb

Ljb ]jZg^bhaguo kh[ulby [ueb djZ_m]hevgufb dZfgyfb gh\h]h i_ j_hkfuke_gby `bagb b q_eh\_q_kdbo hlghr_gbc dhee_dlb\baZpby ^_ j_\gb bg^mkljbZebaZpby ]h^

Wlb kh[ulby dZd b Hdly[jvkdZy j_\hexpby ]h^Z kh\_jrbeb k^\b]b b kf_gu h]jhfguo keh_\ gZk_e_gby k^\b]b wlb khijh\h`^Zebkv nbabq_kdbf bklj_[e_gb_f ex^_c g_ f_gvrbf Z [hevrbf q_f bklj_[ e_gb_ \ ihjm ebd\b^Zpbb deZkkh\ jmkkdh]h ^\hjygkl\Z ijhfure_gghc b lhj]h\hc [mj`mZabb

Wlb kh[ulby \ha]eZ\e_ggu_ KlZebguf agZf_gh\Zeb wdhghfbq_kdh_ lhj`_kl\h kljhbl_e_c gh\h]h Kh\_lkdh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\Z khpbZebafZ \ h^ ghc kljZg_ Wlb kh[ulby y\bebkv eh]bq_kdbf j_amevlZlhf Hdly[jvkdhc j_\hexpbb

H^gZdh gh\uc mdeZ^ ih[_^b\rbc \ ihjm dhee_dlb\baZpbb bg^mkl jbZebaZpbb b ihqlb iheghc kf_gu jmdh\h^ysbo dZ^jh\ g_ aZohl_e hldZ aZlvky hl klZjuo b^_cguo nhjfme b ij_^klZ\e_gbc ohly hgb mljZlbeb ^ey g_]h `b\h_ kh^_j`Zgb_ Gh\uc mdeZ^ ihevah\Zeky klZjufb ij_^ klZ\e_gbyfb b njZa_heh]b_c [_jmsbfb k\h_ gZqZeh _s_ ba ^hj_\hexpb hggh]h klZgh\e_gby [hevr_\bklkdh]h djueZ khpbZe-^_fhdjZlbq_kdhc

177

iZjlbb Hkgh\hc `_ gh\h]h mdeZ^Z y\eyeky _]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh-gZpbh- gZevguc oZjZdl_j

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=hkm^Zjkl\h lZd`_ reh d kZfhkhagZgbx \ gh\uo dZl_]hjbyo

GZpbhgZevgh_ khagZgb_ ijhy\ey_lky dZd fh]mqZy b ij_djZkgZy kbeZ \ ^gb gZjh^guo [_^kl\bc GZjh^gh_ gZpbhgZevgh_ khagZgb_ \ lZdmx ihjm ij_djZkgh ihlhfm qlh hgh q_eh\_qgh Z g_ ihlhfm qlh hgh gZpbhgZevgh Wlh – q_eh\_q_kdh_ ^hklhbgkl\h q_eh\_q_kdZy \_jghklv k\h[h^_ q_eh\_

q_kdZy \_jZ \ ^h[jh ijhy\eyxsb_ky \ nhjf_ gZpbhgZevgh]h khagZgby Gh ijh[m^b\r__ky \ ]h^u [_^kl\bc gZpbhgZevgh_ khagZgb_ fh`_l jZa\b \Zlvky fgh]hh[jZagh

G_l kihjm qlh m gZqZevgbdZ hl^_eZ dZ^jh\ h[_j_]Zxs_]h dhee_dlb\ mqj_`^_gby hl dhkfhiheblh\ b [mj`mZaguo gZpbhgZebklh\ b m djZkgh Zjf_cpZ hlklZb\Zxs_]h KlZebg]jZ^ ih-jZaghfm ijhy\ey_lky gZpbh

gZevgh_ khagZgb_

@bagv kh\_lkdhc ^_j`Z\u hlg_keZ ijh[m`^_gb_ gZpbhgZevgh]h khagZ gby d l_f aZ^ZqZf dhlhju_ klhyeb i_j_^ ]hkm^Zjkl\hf \ _]h ihke_\h_gghc `bagb – _]h [hjv[_ aZ b^_x gZpbhgZevgh]h km\_j_gbl_lZ \ ml\_j`^_gbb

kh\_lkdh]h jmkkdh]h \h \k_o h[eZklyo `bagb

<k_ wlb aZ^Zqb \hagbdeb g_ \^jm] \ \h_ggh_ b ihke_\h_ggh_ \j_fy –

hgb \hagbdeb ^h \hcgu dh]^Z kh[ulby \ ^_j_\g_ kha^Zgb_ hl_q_kl\_g ghc ly`_ehc ijhfure_gghklb ijboh^ gh\uo dZ^jh\ agZf_gh\Zeb lhj `_kl\h mdeZ^Z hij_^_e_ggh]h KlZebguf dZd khpbZebaf \ h^ghc kljZg_ Jh^bfu_ iylgZ jhkkbckdhc khpbZe-^_fhdjZlbb [ueb kgylu m^Ze_gu

B bf_ggh \ ihjm klZebg]jZ^kdh]h i_j_ehfZ \ ihjm dh]^Z ieZfy KlZ ebg]jZ^Z [ueh _^bgkl\_gguf kb]gZehf k\h[h^u \ pZjkl\_ lvfu hldjulh gZqZeky wlhl ijhp_kk i_j_hkfuke_gby Eh]bdZ jZa\blby ijb\_eZ d lhfm qlh gZjh^gZy \hcgZ ^hklb]gm\ k\h_]h \ukr_]h iZnhkZ \h \j_fy klZebg ]jZ^kdhc h[hjhgu bf_ggh \ wlhl klZebg]jZ^kdbc i_jbh^ ^ZeZ \hafh` ghklv KlZebgm hldjulh ^_deZjbjh\Zlv b^_heh]bx ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h gZ pbhgZebafZ

=jhkkfZg < K @bagv b km^v[Z F K –623.

178

25. Ba hlau\Z <h_ggh]h kh\_lZ b iheblhl^_eZ 65-c Zjfbb h jZ[hl_ [jb]Z^u Zjlbklh\ Fhkdh\kdh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h hj^_gZ E_gbgZ ZdZ^_fbq_kdh]h FZeh]h l_ZljZ

>_ckl\mxsZy Zjfby

fZy ]

;jb]Z^Z Fhkdh\kdh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h hj^_gZ E_gbgZ ZdZ^_fbq_kdh ]h FZeh]h l_ZljZ kh\_jrb\ ^ebgguc imlv ih njhglh\uf ^hjh]Zf ijyfh k ]jmah\h]h ³>h^`Z´ y\beZkv gZ kp_gm gZr_]h ih^a_fgh]h dem[Z ^Z _s_ \

dZgmg \_ebdh]h ijZa^gbdZ FZy ih[_^gh]h ]h^Z Fh`gh eb `_eZlv emqr_]h ih^ZjdZ b \gbfZgby njhglh\bdZf hl gZr_c keZ\ghc ex[bfhc klhebpu Fhkd\u

Wlh i_j\h_ \uklmie_gb_ [jb]Z^u FZeh]h l_ZljZ b \ky __ ihke_^mx sZy jZ[hlZ gZ gZr_f mqZkld_ njhglZ \ l_q_gb_ h^bggZ^pZlb ^g_c [ueb [hevrbf dmevlmjguf kh[ulb_f <uklmie_gby [jb]Z^u ^hklZ\eyeb h] jhfgh_ gZkeZ`^_gb_ [hcpZf k_j`ZglZf hnbp_jZf b ]_g_jZeZf gZr_c Zjfbb

<_a^_ ]^_ \uklmiZeb Zjlbklu FZeh]h l_ZljZ – kj_^b [hcph\ i_j_^h

\hc ebgbb \ rlZ[Zo kh_^bg_gbc kj_^b jZg_guo [hcph\ b hnbp_jh\ \ ]hkiblZeyo hgb k\hbf fZkl_jkdbf bkiheg_gb_f ijbghkbeb g_h[uqZc guc ih^t_f gZkljh_gbc jZ^hklv hl^uoZ ]em[hdh_ wkl_lbq_kdh_ gZkeZ` ^_gb_ Ba \k_o qZkl_c i_j_^Zxl h]jhfgmx [eZ]h^Zjghklv lh\ZjbsZf Zj lbklZf FZeh]h l_ZljZ

GZ^he]h aZihfgblky gZf \uklmie_gb_ jmdh\h^bl_ey [jb]Z^u aZkem `_gghc Zjlbkldb j_kim[ebdb < : H[moh\hc aZkem`_gguo Zjlbklh\

j_kim[ebdb ; I ;jbeebZglh\Z I : He_g_\Z : N KZevgbdh\hc Zjlb klh\ = F ;_gxr : K @mdh\Z : : G_ihfgys_c : K K_f_gh\Z ih dZaZ\rbo ih^ebggu_ h[jZapu kh\_lkdh]h bkdmkkl\Z

@_eZggufb ]hklyfb \k_]^Z [m^ml ^ey gZk aZf_qZl_evgu_ Zjlbklu FZ eh]h l_ZljZ ih^ebggu_ fZkl_jZ kp_gu

<h_gguc kh\_l b iheblbq_kdbc hl^_e Zjfbb \ujZ`Zxl bkdj_ggxx [eZ]h^Zjghklv \k_fm khklZ\m [jb]Z^u Fhkdh\kdh]h ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h hj^_gZ E_gbgZ ZdZ^_fbq_kdh]h FZeh]h l_ZljZ b `_eZxl ^Zevg_crbo mk i_oh\ \ jZ[hl_ gZ [eZ]h gZr_c fh]mq_c Jh^bgu

=_g_jZe-e_cl_gZgl ;Zlh\ =_g_jZe-fZchj JZ^_pdbc Ihedh\gbd =jbrdh Ihedh\gbd =Zgb_\

K[hjgbd ^hdmf_glh\ ih bklhjbb KKKJ« <ui – F

K 240–241.

179