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Bklhqgbd ‹ K

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Bklhqgbd ‹ K –128.

106

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H[jZsZxkv k gZklhysbf aZy\e_gb_f \ <_joh\guc Km^ JKNKJ Y kqblZx ih ^he]m k\h_c iZklujkdhc kh\_klb aZy\blv ke_^mxs__

;m^mqb \hkiblZg \ fhgZjobq_kdhf h[s_kl\_ b gZoh^ykv ^h kZfh]h Zj_klZ ih^ \ebygb_f Zglbkh\_lkdbo ebp y ^_ckl\bl_evgh [ue gZkljh _g d Kh\_lkdhc \eZklb \jZ`^_[gh ijbq_f \jZ`^_[ghklv ba iZkkb\gh ]h khklhygby \j_f_gZfb i_j_oh^beZ d Zdlb\guf ^_ckl\byf dZd-lh

h[jZs_gb_ ih ih\h^m ;j_klkdh]h fbjZ \ ] ZgZn_fkl\h\Zgb_ \ lhf `_ ]h^m <eZklb b gZdhg_p \haa\Zgb_ ijhlb\ ^_dj_lZ h[ ba ylbb p_jdh\guo p_gghkl_c \ ] <k_ fhb Zglbkh\_lkdb_ ^_ckl\by aZ g_fgh]bfb g_lhqghklyfb baeh`_gu \ h[\bgbl_evghf aZdexq_gbb <_joh\gh]h km^Z IjbagZ\Zy ijZ\bevghklv j_r_gby km^Z h ijb\e_q_ gbb f_gy d hl\_lkl\_gghklb ih mdZaZgguf \ h[\bgbl_evghf aZdexq_ gbb klZlvyf m]heh\gh]h dh^_dkZ aZ Zglbkh\_lkdmx ^_yl_evghklv y jZkdZb\Zxkv \ wlbo ijhklmidZo ijhlb\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggh]h kljhy b ijh rm <_joh\guc km^ baf_gblv fg_ f_jm ij_k_q_gby l _ hk\h[h^blv

f_gy ba ih^ kljZ`b Ijb wlhf y aZy\eyx <_joh\ghfm Km^m qlh y hl gug_ Kh\_lkdhc \eZklb g_ \jZ] Y hdhgqZl_evgh b j_rbl_evgh hlf_ `_\u\Zxkv dZd hl aZjm[_`ghc lZd b \gmlj_gg_c fhgZjobq_kdhc [_eh ]\Zj^_ckdhc dhgljj_\hexpbb

Bklhqgbd ‹ K

70. IhkeZgb_ fbljhiheblZ K_j]by d iZklujyf b iZkl\_

« Mkbeby fhb«dZd [m^lh g_ hklZxlky [_kieh^gufb k mqj_`^_gb_f ijb fg_ \j_f_ggh]h iZljbZjr_]h K\ys_ggh]h Kbgh^Z mdj_iey_lky gZ^_ `^Z gZ ijb\_^_gb_ \k_]h gZr_]h p_jdh\gh]h mijZ\e_gby \ ^he`guc kljhc b ihjy^hd \hajZklZ_l b m\_j_gghklv \ \hafh`ghklb fbjghc `bagb b ^_yl_evghklb gZr_c \ ij_^_eZo aZdhgZ L_i_jv dh]^Z fu ihqlb m kZfhc p_eb gZrbo klj_fe_gbc \uklmie_gby gZrbo aZjm[_`guo \jZ]h\ g_ ij_ djZsZxlky«L_f gm`g__ ^ey gZr_c P_jd\b b l_f h[yaZl_evg__ ^ey gZk

107

\k_o dhfm ^hjh]b __ bgl_j_ku dlh `_eZ_l \u\_klb __ gZ imlv e_]Zevgh]h b fbjgh]h kms_kl\h\Zgby l_f h[yaZl_evg__ ^ey gZk l_i_jv ihdZaZlv qlh fu p_jdh\gu_ ^_yl_eb g_ k \jZ]Zfb gZr_]h Kh\_lkdh]h =hkm^Zjkl\Z b g_ k [_amfgufb hjm^byfb bo bgljb]b Z k gZrbf gZjh^hf b IjZ\bl_ev kl\hf

<hag_k_f `_ gZrb [eZ]h^Zjkl\_ggu_ fhebl\u dh =hkih^m lZdh [eZ ]h\heb\r_fm h K\ylhc gZr_c P_jd\b <ujZabf \k_gZjh^gmx gZrm [eZ ]h^Zjghklv b Kh\_lkdhfm ijZ\bl_evkl\m aZ lZdh_ \gbfZgb_ d ^moh\guf gm`^Zf ijZ\hkeZ\gh]h gZk_e_gby Z \f_kl_ k l_f aZ\_jbf IjZ\bl_evkl\h qlh fu g_ mihlj_[bf \h aeh hdZaZggh]h gZf ^h\_jby

bxey ] AZ iZljbZjr_]h F_klh[exklbl_ey K _ j ] b c Fhkd\Z Fbljhihebl Gb`_]hjh^kdbc

Qe_gu <j_f_ggh]h IZljbZjr_]h K\ys_ggh]h Kbgh^Z K _ j Z n b f – Fbljhihebl L\_jkdhc

K b e v \ _ k l j – :job_ibkdhi <heh]h^kdbc

:e _ d k b c – :job_ibkdhi Omlugkdbc mijZ\eyxsbc Gh\]h jh^kdhc _iZjob_c

:g Z l h e b c – :job_ibkdhi KZfZjkdbc

I Z \ _ e – :job_ibkdhi <ylkdbc

N b e b i i – :job_ibkdhi A\_gb]hjh^kdbc mijZ\eyxsbc Fhk dh\kdhc _iZjob_c

D h g k l Z g l b g – _ibkdhi Kmfkdbc mijZ\eyxsbc OZjvdh\kdhc _iZjob_c

K _ j ] b c – _ibkdhi K_jimoh\kdbc – mijZ\eyxsbc ^_eZfb

Bklhqgbd ‹ K –132.

IJBF?Q:GBY

1 =hlv_ X < (1873–1943) – bklhjbd Zjo_heh] ZdZ^_fbd :G KKKJ :\lhj

ljm^h\ ih Zjo_heh]bb ?\jhiu bklhjbb Jhkkbb OVI–OVII \\.

2 =hj[mgh\ GbdheZc I_ljh\bq –1938) – obfbd ZdZ^_fbd :G KKKJ <

1917 ] k_dj_lZjv KGD \ –1928 – mijZ\^_eZfb KGD KKKJ J_ij_kkbjh\Zg \ -_ ]] , j_Z[beblbjh\Zg ihkf_jlgh

3L_dkl ^_dj_lZ [ue \i_j\u_ him[ebdh\Zg \ ³=Za_l_ JZ[hq_]h b dj_klvygkdh]h ijZ\bl_evkl\Z´ hl n_\jZey ]

4Kulbg B\Zg >fbljb_\bq (185–1934) – ba^Zl_ev b ijhk\_lbl_ev Ba^Zl_evkdmx ^_y

l_evghklv gZqZe \ Fhkd\_ \ ] K ] i_qZlZe dgb]b ba^Zl_evkl\Z ³Ihkj_^gbd´ D gZqZem XX \ _]h ba^Zl_evkl\h klZeh djmig_crbf \ Jhkkbb Ihke_ ] [ue dhgkmevlZg lhf =hkba^ZlZ

5 AZfylbg ?\]_gbc B\Zgh\bq –1937) – ibkZl_ev Z\lhj ih\_klb ³GZ dmebq-

dZo´ jhfZgZ-Zglbmlhibb ³Fu´ him[ebdh\Zg \ Jhkkbb \ kdZahd iv_k K ] `be \ IZjb`_

108