Добавил:
Upload Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз: Предмет: Файл:
методические указания 2012.doc
Скачиваний:
7
Добавлен:
26.09.2019
Размер:
488.45 Кб
Скачать

3.8. Translate the sentences into English:

1.Углеводы – многочисленная и широко распространенная группа органических соединений, необходимых для жизнедеятельности животных и растительных организмов. 2. Существуют простые и сложные углеводы. Животные легко усваивают простые углеводы. 3. Семена, корни и клубни содержат углеводы. 4. Углеводы способны превращаться в жиры, аминокислоты белки и другие вещества, как в растительном, так и в животном организме.

  1. Minerals

4.1. Read and translate the text using a dictionary:

Minerals have many vital functions in the body. The skeletons of vertebrate animals are composed chiefly of minerals (nearly all calcium and phosphorus), and minerals are essential constituents of the soft tissues and fluids of the body. Phosphorus is a vital ingredient in the proteins that characterize the nuclei of all body cells, and also is a component of certain other important proteins such as the casein of milk. The phospholipids which are phosphorus-containing fat-like substances are essential parts of all living protoplasm. The power of the blood to carry oxygen is due to hemoglobin, the iron-protein compound in the red blood corpuscles.

The acidity and alkalinity of the digestive juices is due to mineral compounds. Thus, the acidity of the gastric juice in the stomach, which is necessary for the action of enzyme, pepsin, is due to hydrochloric acid, derived from sodium chloride and other chlorides present in the blood.

The osmotic pressure which is necessary for the transfer of nutrients and waste products through the cell walls is largely dependent on the concentration of mineral salts in the lymph and in the cells.

A serious lack of calcium in the blood, such as occurs in milk fever of cows and in certain advanced cases of rickets, causes convulsion and tetany.

4.2. Answer the following questions:

  1. What are the skeletons of vertebrate animals composed of?

  2. What part does phosphorus play in the body?

  3. What helps the blood to carry oxygen?

  4. Where is hemoglobin?

  5. What is osmotic pressure necessary for?

  6. What can a serious lack of calcium in the blood cause?

4.3. Find the meaning of the following words and word combinations used in the text: позвоночные животные, гемоглобин, кислотность, щелочность, осмотическое давление, фермент, соляная кислота, желудочный сок, жироподобные вещества, казеин молока, красные кровяные тельца, рахит, судороги, кальций, фосфор.

4.4. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. It has long been known that minerals are necessary for the health of animals and even for their life. 2. Carbohydrates, fats and proteins and some of the minerals occur in the animal body and in food in comparatively large quantities. 3. Mineral salts are concentrated in the lymph and in the cells. 4. Since calcium is one of the chief constituents of bones, it is of the utmost importance in human and animal nutrition. 5. The term rickets is commonly used for the deficiency disease produced in young animals by a lack of calcium, phosphorus, or vitamin D. 6. In cases of phosphorus deficiency animals not only have poor appetites and eat less feed than normal but also utilize poorly that which they consume.