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Unit 4 feeding of farm animals active vocabulary

by-products

побочные продукты

calcium

кальций

digest

переваривать, усваивать

deficiency

недостаток, отсутствие

heavy milk production

высокая молочная продуктивность

high-producing cow

высокопродуктивная корова

insurance

профилактика

nursing ewe

подсосная овцематка

nutrients

питательные вещества

pasturage

пастбищная растительность

phosphorous

фосфор

prevent

предотвращать

require

требовать, нуждаться

requirement

потребность

rickets

рахит

silage

силос

skim milk

снятое молоко

substance

вещество

supply

снабжать, обеспечивать

well-cured hay

хорошо высушенное сено

whey

сыворотка

1.Feeding dairy cows

    1. Read the text and translate it with a help of the dictionary:

A cow's food consists of concentrates and roughage. The concentrates are the foods in which the nutritive energy is high in proportion to their weight and bulk, and they are from 75 to 100 per cent digestible. In roughages, the nutritive energy is lower in proportion to weight, the digestibility being from 30 to 75 per cent.

The concentrates consist of grains and highly digestible materials produced from grains, while roughages are whole plants, with the exception of the roots. Pasture and silage are also usually included under the head of roughage. In numerous experiments with cattle, the nutritive properties of grain and hay have been studied by feeding each kind of food separately for long periods. Cattle cannot be kept alive for more than a year or so on grain alone. (High-producing cows, however, cannot be kept anywhere near their maximum milk production on hay alone, because they are not able to eat and digest the enormous bulk of this kind of food which would be necessary to supply the nutritive energy required for heavy milk production).

In order to keep high-producing cows in good health and obtain maximum milk production, one should feed them both hay and grain — the hay to provide some nutritive energy, but particularly certain nutritive essentials necessary to keep animals in good health; the grain to provide a large amount of nutritive energy in such concentrated form that the cows can consume and digest enough of it for heavy milk production.

    1. Answer the following questions:

      1. What does a cow's food consist of?

  1. What are the concentrates?

  2. What do the concentrates consist of?

  3. What are roughages?

  4. What has been studied in numerous experiments with cattle?

  5. How should high-producing cows be fed?

1.3. Find the meaning of the following words and word combinations used in the text: концентраты, грубые корма, питательные вещества, обеспечивать, потреблять, переваривать, высокопродуктивные коровы, пастбищная растительность, силос, высокая молочная продуктивность.