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методические указания 2012.doc
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  1. Feeds of animal origin

4.1. Read the text and say what feeds belong to the feeds of animal origin:

It is well known that the proteins of milk have an especially high nutritive value. Casein, which forms over three-fourths of the protein in milk, is but slightly inferior in value to the entire mixture of proteins milk contains.

Lactalbumen, or milk albumin, which forms most of the remainder of the milk protein, is also of high nutritive value. The protein of whey is chiefly lactalbumen.

The proteins of meat, fish, and eggs are also of unusually high nutritive value, a fact that is of great importance in human nutrition. Those of eggs and fish are probably about equal to milk proteins in efficiency, and meat proteins rank but slightly below. In livestock feeding the meat and fish by-products are excellent protein supplements, especially for swine and poultry.

Animal tissues that consist mostly of gristle and con­nective tissue are apparently of considerably lower nutritive value than muscles or most glandular tissues, such as the liver or kidneys.

If animal by-products are subjected to too high a tem­perature during the manufacturing process, the digestibili­ty and the nutritive value of the proteins is decreased some­what. Therefore the protein of vacuum-dried fish meal is of greater value than that of dried at a higher temperature.

4.2. Answer the questions:

  1. Is milk albumin of low nutritive value?

  2. For what animals are the meat and fish by-products excellent protein supplements?

  3. What do animal tissues consist of?

5. Legume hay

5.1. Read the text using a dictionary and say for what animals legume hay is more important:

Well-cured legume hay is more superior to any other roughage for sheep feeding, because of its richness in protein of good quality, the high content of calcium, the ample supply of vitamins, and its palatability. It is much more important to supply some legume hay to sheep than to beef cattle or even to dairy cattle. Legume hay is also more important for sheep than for cattle since it is fine-stemmed and leafy.

Legume hay is unexcelled for the breeding flock and is of even greater importance in feeding pregnant and nursing ewes than in the case of fattening lambs. An abundance of good legume hay, with a small amount of grain for a few weeks before lambing, makes a very satisfactory ration for wintering breeding ewes. Early-cut, leafy legume hay is nearly indispensable in raising early spring lambs that need good roughage for some weeks before they can be turned to pasture.

A ration of legume hay and corn or other grain is nearly ideal for fattening lambs. Though the addition of a small amount of such a supplement as cottonseed meal or linseed meal will commonly increase the gains a trifle, the use of the supplement does not generally increase the profits.

5.2. Answer the questions:

1. Why is well-cured legume hay more superior to any other roughage for sheep feeding?

2. What is an ideal ration for fattening lambs?

3. Does the use of supplement increase the profits?