John Wiley & Sons - 2004 - Analysis of Genes and Genomes
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Analysis of Genes
and Genomes
Richard J. Reece
University of Manchester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Analysis of Genes
and Genomes
Analysis of Genes
and Genomes
Richard J. Reece
University of Manchester, UK
John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Copyright 2004 |
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Reece, Richard J.
Analysis of genes & genomes / Richard J. Reece. p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-470-84379-9 (cloth : alk. paper) – ISBN 0-470-84380-2 (paper : alk. paper)
1. Molecular genetics – Research – Methodology. 2. Genetic engineering – Research – Methodology. [DNLM: 1. Genetic Techniques. 2. DNA – analysis. 3. Genome. QZ 52 R322a 2003]
I. Title: Analysis of genes and genomes. II. Title. QH442.R445 2003
572.8 6 – dc21
2003012937
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
ISBN 0-470-84379-9 (HB) 0-470-84380-2 (PB)
Typeset in 11/14pt Sabon by Laserwords Private Limited, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Italy by Conti Tipocolor SpA, Florence
This book is printed on acid-free paper responsibly manufactured from sustainable forestry in which at least two trees are planted for each one used for paper production.
For Judith
Contents
Preface |
|
|
xiii |
Acknowledgements |
|
xv |
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Abbreviations and acronyms |
xvii |
||
1 DNA: Structure and function |
1 |
||
1.1 |
Nucleic acid is the material of heredity |
2 |
|
1.2 |
Structure of nucleic acids |
7 |
|
1.3 |
The double helix |
11 |
|
|
1.3.1 |
The antiparallel helix |
12 |
|
1.3.2 |
Base pairs and stacking |
14 |
|
1.3.3 |
Gaining access to information with the double |
|
|
|
helix without breaking it apart |
16 |
|
1.3.4 |
Hydrogen bonding |
17 |
1.4 |
Reversible denaturing of DNA |
18 |
|
1.5 |
Structure of DNA in the cell |
21 |
|
1.6 |
The eukaryotic nucleosome |
24 |
|
1.7 |
The replication of DNA |
28 |
|
1.8 |
DNA polymerases |
31 |
|
1.9 |
The replication process |
33 |
|
1.10 |
Recombination |
37 |
|
1.11 |
Genes and genomes |
39 |
|
1.12 |
Genes within a genome |
40 |
|
1.13 |
Transcription |
43 |
|
|
1.13.1 |
Transcription in prokaryotes |
43 |
|
1.13.2 |
Transcription in eukaryotes |
46 |
1.14 |
RNA processing |
54 |
|
|
1.14.1 |
RNA splicing |
55 |
|
1.14.2 |
Alternative splicing |
58 |
1.15 |
Translation |
59 |
|
2 Basic techniques in gene analysis |
65 |
||
2.1 |
Restriction enzymes |
66 |
|
|
2.1.1 |
Types of restriction –modification system |
70 |
|
2.1.2 |
Other modification systems |
72 |