- •About This Manual
- •Additional Resources
- •Manual Contents
- •Conventions
- •Typographical
- •Online Document
- •Using Foundation Express with VHDL
- •Hardware Description Languages
- •Typical Uses for HDLs
- •Advantages of HDLs
- •About VHDL
- •Foundation Express Design Process
- •Using Foundation Express to Compile a VHDL Design
- •Design Methodology
- •Design Descriptions
- •Entities
- •Entity Generic Specifications
- •Entity Port Specifications
- •Architecture
- •Declarations
- •Components
- •Concurrent Statements
- •Constant Declarations
- •Processes
- •Signal Declarations
- •Subprograms
- •Type Declarations
- •Examples of Architectures for NAND2 Entity
- •Configurations
- •Packages
- •Using a Package
- •Package Structure
- •Package Declarations
- •Package Body
- •Resolution Functions
- •Data Types
- •Type Overview
- •Enumeration Types
- •Enumeration Overloading
- •Enumeration Encoding
- •Enumeration Encoding Values
- •Integer Types
- •Array Types
- •Constrained Array
- •Unconstrained Array
- •Array Attributes
- •Record Types
- •Record Aggregates
- •Predefined VHDL Data Types
- •Data Type BOOLEAN
- •Data Type BIT
- •Data Type CHARACTER
- •Data Type INTEGER
- •Data Type NATURAL
- •Data Type POSITIVE
- •Data Type STRING
- •Data Type BIT_VECTOR
- •Unsupported Data Types
- •Physical Types
- •Floating-Point Types
- •Access Types
- •File Types
- •Express Data Types
- •Subtypes
- •Expressions
- •Overview
- •Operators
- •Logical Operators
- •Relational Operators
- •Adding Operators
- •Unary (Signed) Operators
- •Multiplying Operators
- •Miscellaneous Arithmetic Operators
- •Operands
- •Operand Bit-Width
- •Computable Operands
- •Aggregates
- •Attributes
- •Expressions
- •Function Calls
- •Identifiers
- •Indexed Names
- •Literals
- •Numeric Literals
- •Character Literals
- •Enumeration Literals
- •String Literals
- •Qualified Expressions
- •Records and Fields
- •Slice Names
- •Limitations on Null Slices
- •Limitations on Noncomputable Slices
- •Type Conversions
- •Sequential Statements
- •Assignment Statements and Targets
- •Simple Name Targets
- •Indexed Name Targets
- •Slice Targets
- •Field Targets
- •Aggregate Targets
- •Variable Assignment Statements
- •Signal Assignment Statements
- •Variable Assignment
- •Signal Assignment
- •if Statements
- •Evaluating Conditions
- •Using the if Statement to Infer Registers and Latches
- •case Statements
- •Using Different Expression Types
- •Invalid case Statements
- •loop Statements
- •Basic loop Statement
- •while...loop Statements
- •for...loop Statements
- •Steps in the Execution of a for...loop Statement
- •for...loop Statements and Arrays
- •next Statements
- •exit Statements
- •Subprograms
- •Subprogram Always a Combinatorial Circuit
- •Subprogram Declaration and Body
- •Subprogram Calls
- •Procedure Calls
- •Function Calls
- •return Statements
- •Procedures and Functions as Design Components
- •Example with Component Implication Directives
- •Example without Component Implication Directives
- •wait Statements
- •Inferring Synchronous Logic
- •Combinatorial Versus Sequential Processes
- •null Statements
- •Concurrent Statements
- •Overview
- •process Statements
- •Combinatorial Process Example
- •Sequential Process Example
- •Driving Signals
- •block Statements
- •Nested Blocks
- •Guarded Blocks
- •Concurrent Versions of Sequential Statements
- •Concurrent Procedure Calls
- •Concurrent Signal Assignments
- •Simple Concurrent Signal Assignments
- •Conditional Signal Assignments
- •Selected Signal Assignments
- •Component Instantiation Statements
- •Direct Instantiation
- •generate Statements
- •for...generate Statements
- •Steps in the Execution of a for...generate Statement
- •Common Usage of a for...generate Statement
- •if...generate Statements
- •Register and Three-State Inference
- •Register Inference
- •The Inference Report
- •Latch Inference Warnings
- •Controlling Register Inference
- •Inferring Latches
- •Inferring Set/Reset (SR) Latches
- •Inferring D Latches
- •Inferring Master-Slave Latches
- •Inferring Flip-Flops
- •Inferring D Flip-Flops
- •Inferring JK Flip-Flops
- •Inferring Toggle Flip-Flops
- •Getting the Best Results
- •Understanding Limitations of Register Inference
- •Three-State Inference
- •Reporting Three-State Inference
- •Controlling Three-State Inference
- •Inferring Three-State Drivers
- •Inferring a Simple Three-State Driver
- •Three-State Driver with Registered Enable
- •Three-State Driver Without Registered Enable
- •Writing Circuit Descriptions
- •How Statements Are Mapped to Logic
- •Design Structure
- •Adding Structure
- •Using Variables and Signals
- •Using Parentheses
- •Using Design Knowledge
- •Optimizing Arithmetic Expressions
- •Arranging Expression Trees for Minimum Delay
- •Sharing Common Subexpressions
- •Changing an Operator Bit-Width
- •Using State Information
- •Propagating Constants
- •Sharing Complex Operators
- •Asynchronous Designs
- •Don’t Care Inference
- •Using Don’t Care Default Values
- •Differences Between Simulation and Synthesis
- •Synthesis Issues
- •Feedback Paths and Latches
- •Fully Specified Variables
- •Asynchronous Behavior
- •Understanding Superset Issues and Error Checking
- •Foundation Express Directives
- •Notation for Foundation Express Directives
- •Foundation Express Directives
- •Translation Stop and Start Pragma Directives
- •synthesis_off and synthesis_on Directives
- •Resolution Function Directives
- •Component Implication Directives
- •Foundation Express Packages
- •std_logic_1164 Package
- •std_logic_arith Package
- •Using the Package
- •Modifying the Package
- •Data Types
- •UNSIGNED
- •SIGNED
- •Conversion Functions
- •Arithmetic Functions
- •Example 10-1: Binary Arithmetic Functions
- •Example 10-2: Unary Arithmetic Functions
- •Comparison Functions
- •Example 10-3: Ordering Functions
- •Example 10-4: Equality Functions
- •Shift Functions
- •ENUM_ENCODING Attribute
- •pragma built_in
- •Type Conversion
- •numeric_std Package
- •Understanding the Limitations of numeric_std package
- •Using the Package
- •Data Types
- •Conversion Functions
- •Resize Function
- •Arithmetic Functions
- •Comparison Functions
- •Defining Logical Operators Functions
- •Shift Functions
- •Rotate Functions
- •Shift and Rotate Operators
- •std_logic_misc Package
- •ATTRIBUTES Package
- •VHDL Constructs
- •VHDL Construct Support
- •Design Units
- •Data Types
- •Declarations
- •Specifications
- •Names
- •Identifiers and Extended Identifiers
- •Specifics of Identifiers
- •Specifics of Extended Identifiers
- •Operators
- •Shift and Rotate Operators
- •xnor Operator
- •Operands and Expressions
- •Sequential Statements
- •Concurrent Statements
- •Predefined Language Environment
- •VHDL Reserved Words
- •Examples
- •Moore Machine
- •Mealy Machine
- •Read-Only Memory
- •Waveform Generator
- •Smart Waveform Generator
- •Definable-Width Adder-Subtracter
- •Count Zeros—Combinatorial Version
- •Count Zeros—Sequential Version
- •Soft Drink Machine—State Machine Version
- •Soft Drink Machine—Count Nickels Version
- •Carry-Lookahead Adder
- •Carry Value Computations
- •Implementation
- •Serial-to-Parallel Converter—Counting Bits
- •Input Format
- •Implementation Details
- •Serial-to-Parallel Converter—Shifting Bits
- •Programmable Logic Arrays
VHDL Reference Guide
Foundation Express Directives
The three types of directives follow.
•Translation stop and start directives
--pragma synthesis_off
--pragma synthesis_on
-- |
pragma |
translate_off |
Use |
not |
recommended. |
-- |
pragma |
translate_on |
Use |
not |
recommended. |
•Resolution function directives
--pragma resolution_method wired_and
--pragma resolution_method wired_or
--pragma resolution_method three_state
•Component implication directives
--pragma map_to_entity entity_name
--pragma return_port_name port_name
Translation Stop and Start Pragma Directives
Foundation Express supports the synthesis_off and synthesis_on pragma directives.
Note: It is recommended that you not use the following directives.
--pragma translate_off
--pragma translate_on
The use of these directives in Foundation Express can lead to errors in your design.
synthesis_off and synthesis_on Directives
The synthesis_off and synthesis_on directives are the recommended mechanisms for hiding simulation-only constructs from synthesis. Any text between these directives is checked for syntax, but no corresponding hardware is synthesized.
The example below shows how you can use the directives to protect a simulation driver.
--The following test driver for entity EXAMPLE
--should not be translated:
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Foundation Express Directives
--pragma synthesis_off
--Translation stops
entity DRIVER is end DRIVER;
architecture VHDL of DRIVER is
signal A, B : INTEGER range 0 to 255; signal SUM : INTEGER range 0 to 511;
component EXAMPLE
port (A, B: in INTEGER range 0 to 255; SUM: out INTEGER range 0 to 511);
end component;
begin
U1: EXAMPLE port map(A, B, SUM); process
begin
for I in 0 to 255 loop for J in 0 to 255 loop
A <= I;
B <= J;
wait for 10 ns; assert SUM = A + B;
end loop; end loop;
end process; end VHDL;
--pragma synthesis_on
--Code from here on is translated
entity EXAMPLE is
port (A, B: in INTEGER range 0 to 255; SUM: out INTEGER range 0 to 511);
end EXAMPLE;
architecture VHDL of EXAMPLE is begin
SUM <= A + B; end VHDL;
Resolution Function Directives
Resolution function directives determine the resolution function associated with resolved signals. (See the “Resolution Functions” section of the “Design Descriptions” chapter.) Foundation Express
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does not support arbitrary resolution functions. It does support the following three methods.
--pragma resolution_method wired_and
--pragma resolution_method wired_or
--pragma resolution_method three_state
Note: Do not connect signals that use different resolution functions. Foundation Express supports only one resolution function per network.
Component Implication Directives
Component implication directives map VHDL subprograms onto existing components or VHDL entities. These directives are described under the “Procedures and Functions as Design Components” section of the “Sequential Statements” chapter.
--pragma map_to_entity entity_name
--pragma return_port_name port_name
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