Chapter 14

Ex. 1 Provide the Russian equivalents for the following words and expressions:

Idioms and phrasal verbs What makes smb tick (323)(чем он живет) on the dole (323)получать пособие takeitstoll(325)иметь негативные последствия to duck one’s head (328) to come down to earth (328) be a piece of cake (328)пустячное дело be out of vogue (330) bring to the fore (332) a loose cannon (344)

Useful words and expressions To be tantamount to sth (315) To be constrained (by time) (318) Classical literature (318) Synergy (320) A (tax/wage) hike (321) Pivotal (event, fact) (322) An insurmountable problem (323) jet lag (325) to be adept at (doing) sth (325) contend for sth (326) tangible (330) concise (330) to be pertinent to sth (336) grab (336) an integral element (337) poignant (339) plight (341) ensure (343)

Journalism related phrases To employ metaphor/contrast etc. (316) A historical feature (320) A television host (323) A clipping (324) Gonzo journalism (325) An excerpt (329) Masthead (331) The subject matter (332) Punchline (333) Writer’s block (333) Byline (336) Rookie (writers) (339)

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Ex. 2 Match the following definitions with the words and expressions below:

1. the additional effectiveness when two or more companies or people combine and work together

2. making you feel sad or full of pity

3. someone who has just started doing a job and has little experience

4. to be very easy

5. receiving financial assistance from a governmental agency

6. incapable of being overcome; insuperable

7. the title of a newspaper or magazine

8. the tired and confused feeling that you can get after flying a very long distance

9. to make something more prominent or noticeable

10. the basic drive or motivation of a person

11. a line at the beginning of an article in a newspaper or magazine that gives the writer's name

12. to be skilled or proficient in something

13. a very bad situation that someone is in

14. directly relating to something that is being considered [= relevant]

15. to compete against someone in order to gain something

16. a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc

17. to cause harm or suffering

18. clear enough or definite enough to be easily seen or noticed

19. a necessary part of something

20. a person who cannot be completely trusted because their behaviour is sometimes strange or violent

21. to lower your head or body very quickly, especially to avoid being seen or hit

22. Equivalent in effect or value

23. more important than anything else in a situation, system etc

24. short, with no unnecessary words [= brief]

25. to be limited

26. An often abrupt increase or rise, e.g. in price

27. The emcee or interviewer on a radio or television program.

28. an article or picture that has been cut out of a newspaper or magazine [= cutting]

29. newspaper reporting that is concerned with shocking or exciting the reader and not with giving serious news

30. a condition in which an author loses the ability to produce new work.

31. Matter under consideration in a written work or speech; a theme.

32. the last few words of a joke or story, that make it funny or surprising

33. to become realistic; to become alert to what is going on around one.

34. old-fashioned

Ex. 3

1. After his unemployment benefits ran out, his family was on the dole for a year.

2. An excerpt of the speech appeared in the Sunday paper.

3. The last point is particularly pertinent to today's discussion.

4. Three armed groups are contending for power.

5. Rescuing frightened cats is my specialty. Piece of cake!

6. "Poverty and inadequate health care take their toll on the quality of a community's health" (Los Angeles Times).

7. The language difference proved an insurmountable barrier.

8. He showed us his collection of old press clippings about movie stars

9. Divorce takes its toll on the children involved.

10. The scheme must have tangible benefits for the unemployed.

11. The programme's subject matter was quite unsuitable for children.

12. Few of us can be unmoved by the plight of the Romanian orphans.

13. The term gonzo journalism was first used to describe an article by Hunter S. Thompson, who later popularized the style.

14. He has no tangible evidence of John's guilt.

15. Several airlines have proposed fare hikes, effective October.

16. Your summary should be as clear and concise as possible.

17. Most writers have trouble with writer's blockat some point in their careers.

18. The silence of the countryside was almost tangible.

19. Vegetables are an integral part of our diet.

20. Our PR manager is very adept at dealing with the media.

21. He's seen as a loose cannon by other team members. If anyone's going to get into a fight, it'll be Pete.

22. She ducked her head to look more closely at the inscription.

23. To leave a dog home alone is tantamount to cruelty.

24. The Bank of England has a pivotal role in the London money market.

25. Women's employment opportunities are often severely constrained by family commitments.

26. The article appeared in The Economist under her byline.

27. These rookie cops don't know anything yet.

28. I took apart the radio to find out what made it tick.

29. The president has proposed a hike in the minimum wage.

30. I always forget the punch line of his joke.

31. You have a fit of enthusiasm, John, but you must come down to earth. We can't possibly afford any of your suggestions.

32. What makes John tick? I just don't understand him.

33. Glad to help. It was a piece of cake.

34. Synergy is the ability of a group to outperform even its best individual member.

35. Every time I fly to the States, I get really bad jet lag.

36. All the talk about costs brought the question of budgets to the fore.

37. Famous TV host suspends show in response to censorship. (Egypt Independent)

38. The masthead is not only the title of a newspaper but also a list of its staff.

Ex. 6In chapter 14 the author uses the expression “classical literature”. Explain the difference in the usage of the words “classic” and “classical” and then fill in the gaps with the suitable option:

1. He had all the classic symptoms of the disease.(typical)

2. Do you prefer classical music like Mozart and Mahler, or pop? (music)

3. Have you ever read Fielding's classic novel 'Tom Jones'? (high-quality)

4. Aggression is a classic example of anti-social behavior.(typical)

5. I adore the masterpieces of classical mythology. (Ancient Greece or Rome)

6. She chose a classic navy suit for the ceremony (simple,traditional and fashionable)

7. He is one of our greatest classical actors.(traditional)

8. The Coca-Cola bottle is one of the classic designs of the last century. (admired, high-quality)

9. It's classic - you arrive at the station on time and find that the train's left early.(typical,informal,unpleasant but expected)

10. Does she study classical ballet or modern ballet? (traditional)

11. Too many job hunters make the classic mistake of thinking only about what's in it for them.(typical)

Ex. 7 In chapter 14 the author uses the expression “historical feature”. Explain the difference in the usage of the words “historic” and “historical” and then fill in the gaps with the suitable option. Usage Note: Historic and historical have different usages, though their senses overlap. Historic refers to what is important in history: the historic first voyage to the moon. It is also used of what is famous or interesting because of its association with persons or events in history: a historic house. Historical refers to whatever existed in the past, whether regarded as important or not: a minor historical character. Historical also refers to anything concerned with history or the study of the past: a historical novel; historical discoveries. While these distinctions are useful, these words are often used interchangeably, as in historic times or historical times.

1. In a historic vote, the Church of England decided to allow women to become priests. (important)

2. She specializes in historical novels set in eighteenth-century England. (connected with history)

3. It is important to look at the novel in its historical context. (relating to the past)

4. Was King Arthur a real historical figure? (existed in the past)

5. Annecy is an historic town of cobbled streets, tiled roofs and beautiful canals. (important and interesting)

6. The area also benefits from various historic landscapes which the Council is keen to safeguard. (important because it’s old and interesting).

7. Preservation of historical records is the duty of a museum. (connected with history and the past)

8. This is a truly historic moment for the UK. (that will be recorded in history)

9. If you were able to spend an hour with one dead, historical figure, who would it be and what would you ask them? (connected with history and the past)

10. Every historian worth their salt will tell you that there is no such thing as historical accuracy.

11. Find out about the historic landmarks in your area. (important)

12. The book gives a historical survey of five major topics, with an overview of the relevant research.

13. Not many people read Sir Walter Scott’s historical novels these days. (based on people or events in the past)

Ex. 9 In chapter 14 you come across the word “ensure”, which has several confusables. Explain the difference between the words “ensure”, “assure” and “insure” and then fill in the gaps with the suitable option.

1. The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft.

2. You should insure the painting for at least £100,000.

3. "Don't worry, your car will be ready tomorrow, " the mechanic assured him.

4. They refused to insure us because they said we're too old.

5. The Prime Minister assured the electorate (that) taxes would not be increased after the election.

6. Their 2-0 victory today has ensured the Italian team a place in the Cup Final.

7. You can rest assured that I shall be there as promised.

8. The house is insured for two million pounds.

9. The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed.

10. All our household goods are insured against accidental damage.

11. Tim waited a moment to assure himself that he was not being followed.

12. Many companies won't insure new or young drivers.

Ex. 10 In chapter 14 you come across the word “to grab”, which has a number of synonyms. Explain the difference between the verbs “grab”, “seize”, “snatch” and “clutch” and then fill in the gaps with the suitable option.

1. I seized his arm and made him turn to look at me.

2. Let's grab something to eat before we go.

3. I knew that trying the alternative medicine was just clutching at straws.

4. He seized the chance/opportunity of a free flight with both hands

5. Vargas was snatched from his home by two armed men.

6. I have to go back in the house and grab my car keys.

7. Political instability helped the army to seize power.

8. He snatched the photos out of my hand before I had a chance to look at them.

9. Troops yesterday seized control of the broadcasting station.

10. He clutched at a pillar for support.

11. Why don't you go and grab some sleep?

12. When she saw his face, she was seized by fear.

13. The play grabs the audience from the opening scene.

Ex. 11 Translate the sentences into English in writing paying special attention to the use of vocabulary units.

1. Пора спуститься с небес на землюи понять, что мы оченьограничены во времении не успеваем завершить работу в срок.(comedowntoearth,constrainedbytime)

2. Такие простые вещи, как пользование общественным транспортом, общение с людьми и походы по магазинам, могут стать непреодолимымитрудностями в другой стране, особенно если путешествуешь один. (insurmountabledifficulties)

3. Принятие Конституции США стало одним из самых важныхсобытий в истории страны и положило начало новой эпохе. (pivotal)

4. Несмотря на его едкие комментарии к выборуглавной темыдля новой передачи, мы ничего не стали менять и не ошиблись, первые серии имели огромный успех. (poignant,subjectmatter)

5. Автор этой книги, посвященной жизни одного из самых известных ливанских телеведущих, напередний план выноситличные качества выдающегося деятеля СМИ. (TVhost,bringtothefore)

6. Повышениеплаты за коммунальные услуги усугубило и без того плачевноеположениебедных слоев населения. (hike,plight)

7. Принятие этого закона равносильносовершению преступления. (tantamount)

8. Ты не мог бы повторить концовкуанекдота, я так и не понял, в чем смысл и что в нем смешного. (punchline)

9. Он очень сложный человек, и абсолютно непредсказуем, поэтому необходимо быть осторожным, иначе можно оказаться в очень затруднительном положении. (aloosecannon)

10. Наш секретарь по-настоящему искусен врешении даже самых сложных проблем, для него это зачастуюсущий пустяк. (adept at, a piece of cake)

11. Творческий кризис, как правило,имеет негативные последствиядля популярности автора и его произведений, но к сожалению, даже самые выдающиеся писатели сталкиваются с этой проблемой. (writer’sblock,takesitstoll)

12. Многие начинающиесотрудники нашей компании совершают одну и ту жеклассическуюошибку: они забывают, чтонеотъемлемым элементомуспеха является терпение и труд. Они хотят подняться по карьерной лестнице слишком быстро и поэтому не могут достичьощутимых результатов. (rookieemployees,classicmistake,anintegralelement,tangibleresults)

13. Твоя речь должна быть краткойи строгоотноситься к делу, иначе никто не захочет ее слушать. (concise, be pertinent to)

14. Интересно, что же им движет, почему он так яростно борется за этот титул? (what makes him tick, contend for)

15. Перелет через несколько часовых поясов очень сильно на меня влияет, потом нужно обязательно отхватить пару часов сна, иначе не придешь в себя. (jet lag, grab some sleep)

Chapter 15

A vested interest (346) The tip of an iceberg (348) Hold smb’s feet to the fire подвергать давлению(348) Put sth on the back-burner (348)отложен в сторону To take sth for granted (354) To cast one’s net (wider)(358) Keep an eye on (362) Take sth at face value (364) To catch smb off guard (364) To sneak up (364)подкрасться Put smb off (364) To crunch numbers (364) To brush up on sth (365) To make everything smell like roses (367) To face the music (367) To grumble about sth (367)

Counterfeit (346)подделка Purportedly (346)предположительно Pledge (347) To take pride in smb (347) Advocate (347) A spoof website (347)ложный A bogus website (348)поддельный Confidence trickster (348)обманщик Pitfall (348) Deter (348) Probing (348)прощупывание Be liable to sth (348) Spreadsheet (349) Input (349) Output (349) Toolkit (349) Conduit (351) Forerunner (351) To spearhead sth (352) To be ignorant of sth (353) Defamation (353) Inhibit (353)препятсвовать Legal action (353) Expose (353) Fraud (353) Enhance (353) Meet the deadline (353) An adjunct to sth (354)прилагаться Obsolete (354) Tame (354) Infallible (355) To be wary of sth (355) Tax haven nations (355) Credible (355) Credentials (355) Scam (356)афера Breach (357) To tender (358)преполагать Exacerbate (358)усугублять To pay upfront (359)наперед Invaluable (360) Savvy (361)смышленный To harbour hidden dangers (363) Unsolicited (363)добровольны To play telephone tag (363) A boon (363) A downside to sth (364) To construe sth as sth (364) To unleash (365) Subtraction (365) Incidence (365) To refute (366) Crooked (public servants) (367) Distort (367)

Sub (346) Gullible journalist (346)легковерный Media outlets (347) Raw data (349) Listserv (350) Uniform font (356) Information broker (361) Masthead (364) An information deluge (367)потоп A broadband connection(367)

1. the small visible part of something, esp a problem or difficulty, that is much larger

2. to consider or try as many things as possible in order to find what you want

3. to watch someone or something; to monitor someone or something closely

4. to accept a situation or accept what someone says, without thinking there may be a hidden meaning:

5. to surprise someone by doing something that they are not ready to deal with

6. to make you dislike something or not want to do something

7. to do a lot of calculations in order to find an answer

8. to practise and improve your skills or your knowledge of something that you learned in the past

9. to accept criticism or punishment for something that you have done

10. made to look exactly like something else, in order to deceive people

11. to feel very pleased about something or someone you are closely connected with

12. a likely mistake or problem in a situation

13. to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

14. likely to be affected by a particular kind of problem, illness etc

15. A means by which something is transmitted

16. to prevent someone from doing something, or to slow down a process or the growth of something

17. the process of using lawyers, courts of law, etc. to solve disagreements, or an occasion when this happens

18. to make public something bad or dishonest

19. the crime of getting money by deceiving people

20. to control something dangerous or powerful, to reduce the power or strength of something and prevent it from causing trouble

21. deserving or able to be believed or trusted

22. the abilities and experience which make someone suitable for a particular job or activity, or proof of someone's abilities and experience

23. an action that breaks a law, rule, or agreement

24. to make a bad situation worse

25. to pay money to smb before they do something for you

26. Well informed and perceptive; shrewd

27. telephoning back and forth by parties trying to reach each other without success

28. something that is very useful and makes your life a lot easier or better

29. to suddenly let a strong force, feeling etc have its full effect

30. dishonest

31. to change something from its usual, original, natural or intended meaning, condition or shape

32. too ready to believe what other people tell you, so that you are easily tricked