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Файл:Английский язык для менеджеров. Учебное пособие
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UNIT 4. TYPES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Microsoft Corporation
Microsoft Corporation (MS) is an American multinational technology company with headquarters in Redmond,
Washington. It develops, manufactures, licenses, supports
and sells computer software, consumer electronics, personal computers, and related services. Its best known software
products are the Microsoft Windows line of operating systems, the Microsoft Office suite, and the Internet Explorer
and Edge web browsers. Its flagship hardware products are the Xbox video game consoles and the Microsoft
Surface lineup of touchscreen personal computers. As of
2016, it is the world’s largest software maker by revenue,
and one of the world’s most valuable companies. The word
«Microsoft» is a portmanteau of «microcomputer» and
«software». Microsoft is ranked No. 30 in the 2018 Fortune
500 rankings of the largest United States corporations
by total revenue.
Microsoft was founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen
on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for
the Altair 8800. It rose to dominate the personal computer
operating system market with MS-DOS in the mid-1980s,
followed by Microsoft Windows. The company’s 1986 initial
public offering (IPO), and subsequent rise in its share price,
created three billionaires and an estimated 12,000 millionaires among Microsoft employees. Since the 1990s, it has
increasingly diversified from the operating system market and has made a number of corporate acquisitions, their
largest being the acquisition of LinkedIn for $26.2 billion
in December 2016, followed by their acquisition of Skype
Technologies for $8.5 billion in May 2011.
As of 2015, Microsoft is market-dominant in the IBM
PC-compatible operating system market and the office software suite market, although it has lost the majority of the
overall operating system market to Android. The company
also produces a wide range of other consumer and enterprise software for desktops and servers, including Internet
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UNIT 4. TYPES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
search (with Bing), the digital services market (through
MSN), mixed reality (HoloLens), cloud computing (Azure)
and software development (Visual Studio).
Steve Ballmer replaced Gates as CEO in 2000, and later envisioned a «devices and services» strategy. This began
with the acquisition of Danger Inc. in 2008, entering the personal computer production market for the first time in June
2012 with the launch of the Microsoft Surface line of tablet
computers; and later forming Microsoft Mobile through the
acquisition of Nokia’s devices and services division. Since
Satya Nadella took over as CEO in 2014, the company has
scaled back on hardware and has instead focused on cloud
computing, a move that helped the company’s shares reach
its highest value since December 1999.
In 2018, Microsoft surpassed Apple as the most valuable publicly traded company in the world after being dethroned by the tech giant in 2010.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft
Example:
Vital statistics of your project:
Title:
Type:
Traded as:
Industry:
Founded:
Founders:
Headquarters:
Area served:
Key people:
Products:
Revenue:
Number of employees:
Website:
— 162 —
UNIT 4. TYPES OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Use the following set-phrases in presenting your project:
INTRODUCTION
3 We may begin by…
3 We shall begin by saying that…
3 The first point to be made is…
3 We must start from the following…
3 I would like to present…
MAIN PART
3 We have reason to state that…
3 It is necessary to note that…
3 We come to a definite decision…
3 Statistics showed…
3 It must be admitted that…
3 There is another proof that…
3 Our argument for… is based on…
3 All these facts prove that…
CONCLUSION
3 In conclusion I would like to express (say)…
3 We must conclude that…
3 We thus arrived at the following conclusion…
3 These facts give rise to important conclusions…
3 We can sum up… as follows…
LANGUAGE PORTFOLIO:
Exercise 19. Explain in English what is so important that
you learnt from The Unit 4. Make some notes in your
Language portfolio regarding the Unit 4.
— 163 —
UNIT 5
TYPES OFBUSINESS ENTITIES
&BUSINESS ETHICS
CONTENT
Grammar: Infinitive & Complex Subject
Theme: Text A. Types of Business Entities & Business
Ethics
Text B. Brand
Text C. Business Communication
Famous People in Management: Peter Drucker
GRAMMAR
Innitive
Exercise 1. Make up word combinations with Infinitive
and translate them into Russian
Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the form of Infinitive,
translate them into Russian and explain its syntactical
function
1. (to affiliate) with an organization means (to have)
connection and acceptance in that group.
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UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
2. Organization can also have official goals, which are
meant for use outside the organization, when organization
claims (to try to achieve) them, although they do not correspond to its actions.
3. Instead, one tends (to think) in terms of the various
processes, tasks, and objects subject to management.
4. Management seeks (to balance) the demands of exploitation with a respect for regenerative capacities.
5. Power is a stronger form of influence because it reflects a person’s ability (to enforce) action through the control of a means of punishment.
Exercise 3. Choose the correct grammatical variant paying attention to Infinitive and translate them into Russian
1. Hierarchical management structures call for decision (to make / to be made) solely by upper management, and
within the scope of a manager’s position in the hierarchy.
2. This process allows managers (to take / to be taken)
work that needs (to do / to be done) one step at a time (to
allow / to be allowed) for a calm, yet productive work environment.
3. (to be / to have been) interdependent means that you
do depend on others (to get / to be gotten) the job done.
4. (to be / to have been) parallel in an organization
means that each department or section does not depend on the
other in order (to do / to be done) its job.
5. The technology allows people (to use / to be
used) the constructed social organizations as a way (to engage / to be engaged) with one another without having physi-
cally (to be / to have been) in the same place.
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian
using Infinitive and explain their usage
1. In the 21st century observers find it increasingly difficult to subdivide management into functional categories
in this way.
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UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
2. The administration of a business includes the performance or management of business operations and decision
making, as well as the efficient organization of people and
other resources, to direct activities toward common goals and
objectives.
3. The job aims to ensure that the business meets its
goals and is properly organized and managed.
4. For example, business administrators may work with
the managers of the human-resources, production, finance,
accounting, and marketing departments to ensure that they
function properly and are working in line with the company’s
goals and objectives.
5. Organizational goals — the goals that the organization tries to achieve, intentions on which the organization’s decisions and actions are based.
6. Influence is the ability of a person to gain cooperation from others by means of persuasion or control over
rewards.
7. His need to identify with a community that
provides security, protection, maintenance, and a feeling
of belonging continues unchanged from prehistoric times.
8. A good manager is one that can adjust their
management style to suit different environments and employees.
9. Management consists of the planning, prioritizing, and organizing work efforts to accomplish objectives
within a business organization.
10. In order to be effective a manager’s style and outlook must fit into the businesses organizational culture.
11. These types of organizations require more controlling management styles in order to meet objectives and
get things done as specified.
12. In a period of unprecedented industrial growth, the
pressures brought to bear on the supply of raw materials and
natural resources by an unrelenting demand intensified the
need to rationalize their utilization, so as to eliminate increasingly costly waste and to allocate them more efficiently.
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UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
13. To create an effective, cost-efficient marketing
management strategy, firms must possess a detailed, objective understanding of their own business and the market
in which they operate.
14. To operate to the utmost effectiveness, a hospital
needs to contain all of the characteristics of a social organization because that is what makes it strong.
15. To have a sense of identity with the social organization, being closer to one another helps build a sense of community.
Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into English
explaining Infinitive
1. На формирование модели менеджмента оказывают влияние религиозные, географические и политические
факторы.
2. Особое значение в этой связи приобретают количественные методы и модели принятия решений.
3. Важной задачей управления является объединение, интеграция всех сторон и аспектов деятельности организации и участков, их частных целей, для достижения
общей цели данной системы.
4. В соответствии с основными целями и задачами
фирмы функция управления бизнесом является центральной, объединяющей все функции — управлять бизнесом —
значит находить оптимальное равновесие между его разнообразными потребностями и целями.
5. Осознание взаимозависимости разных сторон общественного и индивидуального производства привело
к современному пониманию системной природы экономики, в том числе её структурно-функциональной дифференциации, и выработке концепций его институциализации
как определяющего фактора социального взаимодействия
в процессе экономического развития.
6. Структурно-функциональный подход представляет собой конкретизацию идей теории систем и системного
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UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
анализа применительно к различным сферам экономики
(включая менеджмент), которые рассматриваются как составные и взаимодействующие части социальной системы
высшего порядка — общества.
7. Наличие собственных целей — основное отличие
организации от других искусственных систем, созданных
человеком.
8. Цели — средства, задачи и идеалы системы могут
быть установлены столь же объективно, как и число содержащихся в них элементов.
Complex Subject
Exercise 1. Make up word combinations with Complex
Subject and translate them into Russian
Exercise 2. Choose the correct grammatical variant paying attention to Complex Subject and translate them into
Russian
1. The delegation (is reported / are reported) to arrive
today.
2. He (is rumored / are rumored) to be appointed to top
manager.
3. He (is expected / are expected) to sign this
document.
4. She (isn’t seem / doesn’t seem / hasn’t seem)
to come to the meeting.
5. A top manager (is likely / are likely) to refuse to sign
this paper.
6. This company (is likely / are likely) to become
a bankrupt.
7. He (happen / happened) to be a highly-qualified manager.
8. His management methods (is likely / are un-
likely) to be old-fashioned.
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UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
9. She (is said / are said) to be a very talented
manager.
10. What (am / do) I supposed to answer?
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Russian
using Complex Subject and explain their usage
1. Thus, the formal organization is expected to behave
impersonally in regard to relationships with clients or with
its members.
2. Ideally, when employees themselves have been involved with the goal-setting and choosing the course of action
to be followed by them, they are more likely to fulfill their
responsibilities.
3. The problem was seen to lie in the management
of the resources rather than in the resources themselves.
4. For these reasons, employers are significantly
more likely to use worker-oriented approaches to job analysis
today than they were in the past.
5. Social organizations are seen to be in different
forms within society such as created through institutions like
schools or governments.
6. The newer name, “employment relations” is increasingly taking precedence because “industrial relations” is often seen to have relatively narrow connotations.
7. When labour markets are seen as imperfect,
and when the employment relationship includes conflicts
of interest, then one cannot rely on markets or managers to always serve workers’ interests, and in extreme cases to prevent worker exploitation.
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into English
explaining Complex Subject
1. Можно сказать, что каждая модель менеджмента
приводит к различному уровню экономической эффективности хозяйственной деятельности организации.
— 169 —
UNIT 5. TYPES OF BUSINESS ENTITIES & BUSINESS ETHICS
2. Система знаний об управлении организациями
и социально-экономическими системами, как известно,
формируется на базе различных наук.
3. Общеизвестно, что важной задачей управления является объединение, интеграция всех сторон и аспектов
деятельности организации и участков, их частных целей,
для достижения общей цели данной системы.
4. Общеизвестно, что понятие системных функ ций организации основывается на очевидном факте её включённости в жизнедеятельность всего общества как объемлющего социального целого.
5. Как известно, наличие собственных целей — основное отличие организации от других искусственных систем,
созданных человеком.
6. Исследование организации, как известно, должно
предусматривать анализ трёх уровней целей: самой системы, её частей и системы более высокого порядка, частью
которой является данная организация.
INTRODUCTION PART
GROUP AND PAIR DISCUSSION
Exercise 1. What do you already know about management?
Answer the following questions below. In pairs or small
groups, discuss your ideas and summarize them within
5–7 sentences
Discuss these questions in class.
1. What types of business entities do you know?
2. What is sole proprietorship?
3. What are the objectives of any type of business
entities?
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