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UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
2. Information technology (to improve) HR practices
in the several areas.
3. Recruiting (to be influenced) mostly by information
technology.
4. In the past, recruiters (to have relied) on printing
in publications and word of mouth to fill open positions.
5. Further, management programs related to civil-society organizations (to spawn) also programs in nonprofit management and social entrepreneurship.
6. Job analysis methods (to evolve) using both task-oriented and worker-oriented approaches.
7. Over the years, experts (to present) several different
systems and methods to accomplish job analysis.
8. That trend, however, (to reverse) in recent years for
the better.
9. Newer methods and systems (to bring) I-O psychology
back to an examination of the behavioral aspects of work.
Exercise 3. Choose the correct grammatical variant paying attention to Perfect Tenses constructions and translate them into Russian
1. Whether enriched, specialized or enlarged, workers
still generally have specific jobs to do, and these jobs (have
required / has required / had required) job descriptions.
2. Since then, experts (have presented / has presented /
had presented) many different systems to accomplish job
analysis that (have become / has become / had become) increasingly detailed over the decades.
3. However, evidence shows that the root purpose of job analysis, understanding the behavioral requirements of work, (have not changed / has not changed / had
not changed) in over 85 years.
4. The job analyst (have completed / has complet-
ed / had completed) a form called a job psychograph, which
displays the mental requirements of the job.
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UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
5. In addition to general overviews, researchers (have
examined / has examined / had examined) the features and
factors affecting particular key aspects of manufacturing development.
6. Rapid product, technological changes, and a shift
to a service economy (have increased / has increased / had
increased) the need for firms to be responsive, flexible, and
generally more competitive.
7. Population studies (have shown / has shown /
had shown) that, in a given population, when the deaths increase as a result of harvesting (exploitation), reproduction
rates start to rise (as if compensating for the deaths).
8. Many forms of systems are no longer in use, but those
systems that still exist (have become / has become / had be-
come) increasingly detailed over the decades with a greater
concentration on tasks and less concentration on human attributes.
9. Online recruiting (have become / has become / had
become) one of the primary methods employed by HR departments to garner potential candidates for available positions
within an organization.
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian
using Perfect Tenses constructions and explain their usage
1. As one consequence, workplace democracy (sometimes
referred to as Workers’ self-management) has become both
more common and more advocated, in some places distributing all management functions among workers, each of whom
takes on a portion of the work.
2. Although what is considered a “resource” (or, for that
matter, “natural”) has varied over time and from one society
to another, resources are, ultimately, riches provided by nature from which can be derived some form of benefit, whether
material or immaterial.
3. The use of Human Resources Information Systems
(HRIS) has made it possible for companies to store and re-
— 102 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
trieve files in an electronic format for people within the organization to access when needed.
4. Various universities all over the world have taken
up the responsibility of training human-resource managers
and equipping them with interpersonal and intrapersonal
skills so as to relate better at their places of work.
5. Many organizations have gone beyond the traditional
functions and developed human resource management information systems, which support recruitment, selection, hiring, job placement, performance appraisals, employee benefit
analysis, health, safety, and security, while others integrate
an outsourced applicant tracking system that encompasses
a subset of the above.
6. They have compared production and investment in a
range of Western and non-Western countries and presented
case studies of growth and performance in important individual industries and market-economic sectors.
Exercise 5. Translate the following sentence into English
explaining Continuous Tenses
Осознание взаимозависимости разных сторон общественного и индивидуального производства привело к современному пониманию системной природы экономики,
в том числе её структурно-функциональной дифференциации, и выработке концепций его институциализации
как определяющего фактора социального взаимодействия
в процессе экономического развития.
Passive Voice
Exercise 1. Make up word combinations with Passive Voice
and translate them into Russian
— 103 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
Exercise 2. Open the brackets using the correct form
of Passive Voice and translate them into Russian
1. Employee ideas and contributions (to encourage), but
not necessary.
2. These managers (to classify) in a hierarchy of author-
ity, and perform different tasks.
3. Oil (not to consider) a subject of natural resource
management, whereas forests are.
4. The job aims to ensure that the business meets
its goals and (to organize and to manage) properly.
5. Its design specifies how goals (to subdivide
and to reflect) in subdivisions of the organization.
6. In prehistoric times, man (to preoccupy) with
his personal security, maintenance, protection, and survival.
7. The emergence of a rational systematic management of natural resources can (to trace) back to the phase
of accelerated industrialization of the late 19th century.
8. Natural resource management (to born) at the
conjunction of rationalization and its twin process, bureaucratization, which yielded the first bureaucracies to manage
nature.
9. An individual’s management style (to shape)
by many different factors including internal and external
business environments.
10. As employees (to be taken) into account before the
manager makes decisions, the employees feel valued which increases motivation and productivity.
Exercise 3. Choose the correct grammatical variant paying attention to Passive Voice and translate them into
Russian
1. First-line managers often (is called / are called) supervisors, but may also be called line managers, office managers, or even foremen.
— 104 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
2. Each management level (is explained / are explained)
in specifications of their different responsibilities and likely
job titles.
3. Sometimes creating output, which includes all of the
processes that generate the product that the business sells, (is
added / are added) as a sixth element.
4. “Human capital” sometimes (is used / are used) synonymously with “human resources”, although human capital
typically refers to a more narrow effect.
5. Organizational goals — the goals that the organization tries to achieve, intentions on which the organization’s
decisions and actions (is based / are based).
6. Historically, that access (have been organized /
has been organized / had been organized) through a range
of schemes varying in degrees of formality and involvement
from the central authorities (or state).
7. Every natural resource has its optimum utilization,
or acceptable levels of use, which (is established / are estab-
lished) scientifically and according to which management authorities regulate its exploitation.
8. According to George S. Odiorne, the system of management by objectives can (be described / been described / be-
ing described) as a process whereby the superior and subordinate jointly identify common goals.
9. Management by objectives (MBO), also known as management by results (MBR), first (was popularized / were
popularized) by Peter Drucker in his 1954 book The Practice
of Management.
10. Ideally, when employees themselves (have been
involved / has been involved / had been involved) with the
goal-setting and choosing the course of action to be followed
by them, they are more likely to fulfill their responsibilities.
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into Russian
using Passive Voice constructions and explain their usage
1. Indeed, the entrenched nature of command-and-control is evident in the way that recent layoffs have been con-
— 105 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
ducted with management ranks affected far less than employees at the lower levels.
2. A “natural” resource is one that is afforded by nature without human intervention; hence, the fertile lands
or the minerals within them, rather than the crop that grows
on them, constitute a country’s natural resources.
3. Thus, natural resource management, in its generic sense, bespeaks the degree to which societies are embed-
ded in the natural environment, and what is being managed
is that basic dependency as much as the resources themselves.
4. More specifically, however, the term natural
resource management has historically coincided with the increasing formalization of those schemes of access to (or provision of) natural resources that accompanied the rise of the
modern bureaucratic state.
5. A first major impulse toward the internationalization of natural resource management was brought by the
post-World War II context, with its pervasive spirit of cooperation on the one hand and its specific problems of food
shortages on the other.
6. After the firm’s strategic objectives have
been identified, the target market selected, and the desired
positioning for the company, product or brand has been de-
termined, marketing managers focus on how to best implement the chosen strategy.
Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into English
explaining Passive Voice
1. Система знаний об управлении организациями и социально-экономическими системами формируется на базе
различных наук.
2. Ряд конкретных научных дисциплин специально
изучают определённые функции управления: планирование, вопросы учёта и принятия решений, обработку информации и т. д., обобщая практический опыт и разрабатывая
более совершенные формы и методы в целях повышения
эффективности управленческой деятельности.
— 106 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
3. Управляющая система может быть представлена особым видом машины на основании того, что каждая
система выполняет какие-либо функции, которые можно
рассматривать как цель машины.
4. Теория институциональной экономики, возникшая
на стыке экономики, социологии, права и истории, ориентирована на изучение формальных и неформальных норм,
структурирующих взаимодействия между индивидами
в разных сферах повседневной активности.
5. С позиций управленческой парадигмы системные
функции взаимообусловлены и не существуют отдельно
друг от друга: не может быть экономики без политики,
культуры, технологии и т. д.
INTRODUCTION PART
GROUP AND PAIR DISCUSSION
Exercise 1. What do you already know about functions
of management? Answer the following questions below.
In pairs or small groups, discuss your ideas and summarize them within 5–7 sentences
Discuss these questions in class.
1. What is communication?
2. What is basis of communication?
3. What communicative participators in communication theory do you know?
4. What communicative strategies do you know?
5. How can communication be connected with man-
agement?
Exercise 2. Read and translate the following quote.
1. Explain how you understand it.
2. Say whether you agree or disagree with the quote.
— 107 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
3. Explain your position.
4. Try to convince your classmates with opposite
position than yours.
“The most important thing in communication is hearing what
isn’t sa id.”
— Peter Drucker
Use the following set-phrases:
• I think…
• I suppose…
• I consider…
• It seems to me that…
• As for me…
• In my opinion…
• To my mind…
• As I understand that…
• Definitely…
• To be more precise…
• Generally speaking…
• Frankly speaking…
• I doubt…
• I’m (not) sure…
• I agree that…
• I disagree that…
MAIN PART
LIST OFWORDS AND WORD COMBINATIONS:
1. to communicate
2. to determine
3. communication
4. sender
5. to decode
6. to respond
7. receiver
[kəˈmjuːnɪkeɪt]
[dɪˈtɜːmɪn]
[kəˌmjuːnɪˈkeɪʃən]
[ˈsɛndə]
[ˈdiːkəʊd]
[rɪsˈpɒnd]
[rɪˈsiːvə]
— 108 —
общаться
определять, детерминировать
коммуникация,
общение
отправитель
декодировать, расшифровать
отвечать
получатель
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
8. recipient
9. to act
10. accordingly
11. content
12. encoding
13. decoding
14. to transmit
15. to reach
16. to give feedback (to)
17. thought
18. to go a long
way (in)
19. speaker
[rɪˈsɪpɪənt]
[tuː ækt]
[əˈkɔːdɪŋli]
[ˈkɒntɛnt]
[ɪnˈkəʊdɪŋ]
[ˈdiːkəʊdɪŋ]
[trænzˈmɪt]
[riːʧ]
[gɪv ˈːdbæk]
[θɔːt]
[gəʊ ə lɒŋ weɪ]
[ˈspiːkə]
реципиент
поступать, действовать
соответственно
содержание
кодирование
декодирование
передавать
достигать
ответить
мысль
иметь большое
значение (влияние), играть важную роль
говорящий
20. to take complete charge
21. listener
22. target
audience
23. conversation
24. to highlight
[teɪk kəmˈpliːt
ʧɑːʤ]
[ˈlɪsnə]
[ˈtɑːgɪt ˈɔːdiəns]
[ˌkɒnvəˈseɪʃən]
[ˈhaɪˌlaɪt]
— 109 —
брать на себя полную ответственность
слушающий
целевая аудитория
разговор
подчеркивать, выделять
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
25. to excel
26. scholar
27. application
28.
person-to-per son
29. awareness
30. attitude
31. intention
32. strength
33. simplicity
34. generality
35. quantifiability
36. transmitter
[ɪkˈsɛl]
[ˈskɒlə]
[ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃ(ə)n]
[ˈpɜːsn-tuː-ˈpɜːsn]
[əˈweənəs]
[ˈætɪtjuːd]
[ɪnˈtɛnʃən]
[strɛŋθ]
[sɪmˈplɪsɪti]
[ˌʤɛnəˈrælɪti]
[ˈkwɒntɪfaɪəbɪlɪtɪ]
[trænzˈmɪtə]
выделять, выдавать
ученый
применение, использование
межличностный,
персональный
осведомленность
отношение
намерение
сила
простота
обобщенность,
применимость
ко всему
квантифицируемость
отправитель
37. to reconstruct
38. sequence
39. dimension
40. encoder
41. medium
[ˌriːkənsˈtrʌkt]
[ˈsiːkwəns]
[dɪˈmɛnʃən]
[ɪnˈkəʊdə]
[ˈmiːdiəm]
— 110 —
восстанавливать
последовательность, ряд, череда
измерение, направление
кодировщик
канал коммуникации
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