Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Английский язык для менеджеров. Учебное пособие
.pdf
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
2. Communication process is a simple process where
a _____ is being transferred from a sender to the receiver.
a) dimension;
b) destination;
c) message;
d) audience.
3. The process of putting the thoughts in words is called
_____.
a) conception;
b) investigation;
c) decoding;
d) encoding.
4. Models go a long way in making the _____ of any con-
cept easy and clear.
a) understanding;
b) speaking;
c) modulation.
5. According to Aristotle Model of Communication the
_____ plays a key role in communication.
a) audience;
b) speaker;
c) recipient.
6. The speaker must be very careful about his _____
of words and content in this model of communication.
a) voice;
b) conversation;
c) selection.
7. The speaker should understand his target audience
and then prepare his _____.
a) dialogue;
b) speech;
c) understanding.
— 121 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
8. Stammering, getting nervous in between of a conversation must be _____.
a) accepted;
b) avoided;
c) pronounced.
9. Aristotle model of communication is the golden rule
to excel in _____.
a) everyday life;
b) public speaking;
c) any organization activity.
10. The Shannon–Weaver model was developed in _____
which is referred as the ‘mother of all models’.
a) 1934;
b) 1949;
c) 1960.
Exercise 9. Divide the text into logical parts. Find the
topic sentence of each part. Make up a plan to the text.
Compare it with the plans of your group-mates.
Exercise 10. Define the main idea of the text and write
down the supporting details. Make up brief annotation
and key words defining the main idea of the text.
Exercise 11. Summarize the text using the following
set-phrases:
INTRODUCTION
3 This text is about…;
3 This text contains the information (description; in-
vestigation) about…;
3 This text highlights the following aspects…;
— 122 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
3 This text deals with / concerns….;
3 This text gives figures (facts, data, pictures, de-
tails, examples, information) illustrating…;
3 The main idea of the text is…
MA IN PA RT
3 The first part (point; aspect) of the text is about (pres-
ents…; focuses on…; describes…; highlights….);
3 The second part (point; aspect) of the text is about
(presents…; focuses on…; describes…; highlights….);
3 The third part (point; aspect) of the text is about
(presents…; focuses on…; describes…; highlights….).
CONCLUSION
3 In conclusion I would like to say (add)…;
3 We must conclude that…;
3 We thus arrived at the following observation
(conclusion)…;
3 All this allows us to conclude…;
3 To sum up…
EXPRESSION OF YOUR OPINION (POSITION,
ATTITUDE)
3 In my opinion…;
3 To my mind…;
3 As far as I’m concerned...;
3 As far as I can judge…;
3 As far as I can see (understand) it…;
3 The way I see (understand) it…
Exercise 12. Give a one- or two minute talk on the following themes:
3 Aristotle’s Communication Model (concept; positive
and critical sides);
— 123 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
3 Berlo’s Communication Model (concept; positive and
critical sides);
3 Claude Shannon-Weaver Communication Model (con-
cept; positive and critical sides);
3 Schramm’s Communication Model (concept; positive
and critical sides).
Use the information from the text, the Internet and other
supplementary sources.
Exercise 13. Work in pairs. Make questions (3–5) on the
text for your fellow-student to answer. Then change roles.
Exercise 14. Explain what new information you learnt and
found out from the text.
VOCABULARY PRACTICE & TRANSLATION
Exercise 15. Read and translate the following information
about the famous person in sphere of management Claude
Shannon. Discuss this person with your classmates. Discuss
whether this person is inspiration for younger managers.
Whether the information about this person inspired you.
Famous People in Management:
Claude Shannon
(1916–20 01)
Claude Shannon had considerable
talents and interest in the disciplines
of electrical circuitry, mathematics,
cryptology and code breaking and his
early work in these areas were to evolve
into the concept of information theory;
a discipline which Shannon introduced
in his seminal work “The mathemat-
ical theory of communication” published in 1948. In it, he details his theory of communication; an approach that
— 124 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
was new and innovative. This pioneering publication laid the
foundations for information theory and earned Shannon the
title of founding father.
Shannon understood signal processing and its relationship to data storage, compression and transmission. Crucially,
he approached information as a physical mass, deducing as a
result that information can be measured. He proved that all
communication, as diverse as radio waves, text, pictures and
telephone signaling, can be programmed in binary numbers.
Before his discovery, the different types of communication
had all been transmitted using entirely different mediums.
This all-inclusive approach to communication was groundbreaking and effectively set Shannon apart from the crowd;
making him one of the most significant early pioneers of the
digital age we live in today.
Key theories (Communication process model)
Warren Weaver, renowned scientist and pioneer of machine translation, helped popularize “The mathematical the-
ory of communication” and together, Shannon and Weaver
developed the first model of the communication process.
The model was originally developed for the use of mechanical messaging for the Bell Telephone Company. Shannon
and Weaver’s model demonstrates what happens when we communicate. They illustrated communication exchange as a series of steps. The stages are thus:
1. The communicator moves the information they wish
to impart from their brain to their mouth (transmitting device) using appropriate words — the transmitting device can
equally be written words or spoken ones.
2. Once the words are imparted through the communication channel (voice, email etc) the message is sent through the
air toward the receiver for them to decode the message.
3. Along the way, the message is joined by other sounds and distractions (noise) that can alter the meaning
of the message.
— 125 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
4. The receiver decodes the message, reconstructing the
meaning to minimize noise.
5. The message is received and understood.
Shannon and Weaver’s model effectively demonstrated
what happens when we communicate with others. They highlighted the potential hazards the message encounters from
transmission to receipt which can distort content and lead
to miscommunication. They recognized that natural language
processing can be compromised by interfering ‘noise’ which
leads to communication failure. When the same message
is transmitted using a combination of methods, such as verbal
and digital, this increases the potential for miscommunication.
By approaching the communication process as a series
of steps Shannon and Weaver made it possible to pinpoint
where in the process communication may fail. They showed
unequivocally that a problem with encoding, channel, noise,
and decoding can result in the failure or breakdown of effective information transmission and retrieval.
Источник:
https://www.bl.uk/people/claude-shannon
Exercise 16. Brainstorming. Group talk. Pay attention
to the information from the text. Which from the abovementioned stages of communication by Claude Shannon
do you think the easiest and the hardest? Do you agree
with Claude Shannon’s conception? Discuss with your
classmates. Try to use the following set-phrases:
• I think…
• I suppose…
• I consider…
• It seems to me that…
• As for me…
• In my opinion…
• To my mind…
• As I understand that…
— 126 —
• Definitely…
• To be more precise…
• Generally speaking…
• Frankly speaking…
• I doubt…
• I’m (not) sure…
• I agree that…
• I disagree that…
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
Exerci se 17. Work in pairs. Act out a dialogue.
ROLE PLAY:
Student A Student B
You are a manager working
You are a reporter. Ask
as many questions as pos-
sible about basis and
strategies in management
communication
Swap the roles.
on a prestigious organiza-
tion. Answer to reporter
about basis and strategies
in management communi-
cation. Give as many details
as possible.
Exercise 18. Look through the information below. Prepare
you own project for creation of new company. Use as an example information about The Walt Disney Company.
PROJECT:
Vital Statistics:
Title: Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio (1923–1926), The
Walt Disney Studio (1926–1929), Walt Disney Productions
(1929–1986)
Type: Public
Traded as: NYSE: DIS, Dow Jones Industrial Average, S&P
100 Component, S&P 500 Component
Industry: Mass media, Entertainment
Founded: October 16, 1923; 95 years ago
Founders: Walt Disney, Roy O. Disney
Headquarters: 500 South Buena Vista Street, Burbank,
California, United States
Area served: Worldwide
— 127 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
Key people: Bob Iger (Chairman and CEO), Christine McCarthy
(CFO)
Products: Cable television, publishing, films, music, video
games, amusement parks, broadcasting, radio, web portals
Revenue: Increase US$59.434 billion (2018)
Number of employees: 201,000 (September 30, 2018)
Web s ite: thewaltdisneycompany.com
The Walt Disney Company
The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Walt
Disney or simply Disney (common metonym: Mouse, also
Mouse House) is an American diversified multinational
mass media and entertainment conglomerate headquar tered
at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the
world’s largest independent media conglomerate in terms
of revenue, ahead of NBCUniversal and WarnerMedia,
which are owned by telecommunications giants Comcast
and AT&T respectively.
The company was founded on October 16, 1923
by brothers Walt and Roy O. Disney as the Disney Brothers
Cartoon Studio; it also operated under the names The Walt
Disney Studio and Walt Disney Productions before officially changing its name to The Walt Disney Company in 1986.
The company established itself as a leader in the American
animation industry before diversifying into live-action film
production, television, and theme parks.
Since the 1980s, Disney has created and acquired corporate divisions in order to market more mature content
than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is known for its film studio The
Walt Disney Studios, which is one of the largest and bestknown studios in American cinema. Disney’s other main divisions are Walt Disney Parks, Experiences and Consumer
Products, Disney Media Networks, and Walt Disney
Direct-to-Consumer and International. Disney also owns
and operates the ABC broadcast network; cable television
— 128 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
networks such as Disney Channel, ESPN, A&E Networks,
and Freeform; publishing, merchandising, music, and
theater divisions; and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts,
a group of 14 theme parks around the world. The company
has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average
since 1991. Mickey Mouse was created in 1928 and is the signature mascot and emblem for Disney and one of the world’s
most recognizable characters.
On December 14, 2017, Disney announced an agreement to acquire 21st Century Fox for $52 billion. The bid
was later increased to $71 billion on June 20, 2018 in the
wake of Comcast’s $65 billion bid for Fox. The acquisition
will lead to the formation of a new company, which will keep
the Walt Disney Company name.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Walt_Disney _Company
Example:
Vital statistics of your project:
Title:
Type:
Traded as:
Industry:
Founded:
Founders:
Headquarters:
Area served:
Key people:
Products:
Revenue:
Number of employees:
Website:
— 129 —
UNIT 3. COMMUNICATION — BASICS & STRATEGIES
Use the following set-phrases in presenting your project:
INTRODUCTION
3 We may begin by…
3 We shall begin by saying that…
3 The first point to be made is…
3 We must start from the following…
3 I would like to present…
MAIN PART
3 We have reason to state that…
3 It is necessary to note that…
3 We come to a definite decision…
3 Statistics showed…
3 It must be admitted that…
3 There is another proof that…
3 Our argument for… is based on…
3 All these facts prove that…
CONCLUSION
3 In conclusion I would like to express (say)…
3 We must conclude that…
3 We thus arrived at the following conclusion…
3 These facts give rise to important conclusions…
3 We can sum up… as follows…
LANGUAGE PORTFOLIO:
Exercise 19. Explain in English what is so important that
you learnt from The Unit 3. Make some notes in your
Language portfolio regarding the Unit 3.
— 130 —
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]