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Файл:«Новая нормальность» и международные отношения от теорий к практикам. Монография
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Аннотации/Summaries
international order transformation, speci cally the alliance – sovereignty dilemma rise
and the role of global and regional actors in this process.
Keywords: sovereignty, nation-state, sovereignty – alliance dilemma, actorness.
ВЕСТФАЛЬСКИЙ МИР 1648 Г. КАК ПЕРВЫЙ ВАРИАНТ
ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПОНЯТИЯ «СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ»
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THE PEACE OF WESTPHALIA OF 1648 AS THE FIRST VARIANT
OF PRACTICAL REALISATION OF THE CONCEPT “SOVEREIGNTY“
The problem of determining the beginning of the period of practical
implementation of the concept of “sovereignty“ in international treaties and
agreements in modern Russian and foreign historiography continues to be the subject
of scienti c discourse, the essence of which is mainly reduced to the recognition
or non-recognition of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 as the starting point of the
formation of the modern international legal system based on the recognition of the
sovereignty of all actors of international politics. The discourse that has developed in
contemporary Russian and foreign historiography is mainly devoted to the question
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Аннотации/Summaries
of whether the signing of the Peace of Westphalia can be considered the beginning
of the formation of a new system of international relations, or whether it was merely
a formal consolidation of the status quo that had been established in Europe by the
end of the Thirty Years’ War. This discourse discusses the problem of the formation of
the concept of “sovereignty“ and “sovereign state“ in world politics. We can agree with
the opinion of a number of researchers that the practical realisation of the principle of
sovereignty and the balance of power in the post-Westphalia period was impossible.
It should be emphasised that the Treaty of Westphalia in this case can be considered
as the rst treaty in the history of international law, formally built on the basis of these
principles.
Keywords: sovereignty, Peace of Westphalia, international legal system, sovereign
state.
РЕЖИМЫ СУВЕРЕННОСТИ ДЖОНА АГНЬЮ
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SOVEREIGNTY REGIMES OF JOHN AGNEW
The chapter analyzes J. Agnew’s concept of sovereignty, which is positioned
as an alternative model to the dominant one. Agnew introduces the concept
of sovereignty regimes. The four sovereignty regimes appear to be the result
of different combinations of central state power (legitimate power model) on
the one hand and the degree of political territoriality (infrastructural power
management) on the other. The conclusion drawn from recent research in
political geography is that sovereignty is neither inherently territorial nor
exclusively state-centered.
Keywords: territoriality, sovereignty regime, e ective sovereignty, John Agnew.
252
Аннотации/Summaries
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ ОТВЕТСТВЕННОСТЬ.
ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЕ БАЛАНСА МЕЖДУ ИНТЕРЕСАМИ
ГОСУДАРСТВА И ОБЩЕСТВА
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POLITICAL SOVEREIGNTY AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSIBILITY.
ENSURING THE BALANCE BETWEEN THE INTERESTS
OF THE STATE AND SOCIETY
The chapter presents an attempt to comprehensively analyse the links between
state sovereignty and environmental care. These relations are considered in the
253
Аннотации/Summaries
context of the actively developing knowledge of environmental sovereignty – a
rather new paradigm, which intends to integrate the concept of traditional state
governance with the theme of environmental responsibility. The author explores the
existing tensions between the ideas underlying state sovereignty and the demands of
global environmental responsibility, and suggests that sovereignty can be rede ned
in such a way that environmental care is included as a core concept. Drawing on
interdisciplinary sources, the author proposes a number of new tools and strategies
to balance environmental responsibility with national interests, within the framework
of adopting harmonious, equitable and sustainable environmental law. As a concrete
example, the author cites Indonesia, whose constitution enshrined environmental
rights as fundamental human rights. The paper considers this fact as an example of
constitutional recognition of environmental sovereignty, conditioning the role of
the state in ensuring a healthy environment for its citizens. The author argues that
Indonesia’s adoption of a “green constitution“ marks a shift towards an ecocracy that
emphasises human participation in environmental governance. The author concludes
with promising directions for the presented agenda and emphasises the need to
create a new ontology involving synergy principles that will be based on ecological
values to protect the environment.
Keywords: political sovereignty, environmental responsibility, human rights,
environmental sovereignty, green constitution, ecocracy, public administration,
environmental problems, sustainable development, environmental management,
interdisciplinary approach, synergy principles, ecopolitical sovereignty.
ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРОЦЕССА ЕВРОАТЛАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ИНТЕГРАЦИИ
НА СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ ГОСУДАРСТВ
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Аннотации/Summaries
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IMPACT OF THE EURO-ATLANTIC INTEGRATION PROCESS
ON THE SOVEREIGNTY OF STATES
The chapter analyzes various forms of the Euro-Atlantic integration process’
in uence on the sovereignty of states. The general trends of this phenomenon and
the national speci cs of the post-Soviet space, Northern and South-Eastern Europe’s
states are considered. Particular attention is paid to assessing the degree of policy
independence of NATO partner states participating in its operations and missions in
Afghanistan and the Balkans. The economic dimension of the countries’ sovereignty
that have built active partnerships with the Alliance is explored. In particular, the
dynamics of their defense spending is analyzed. Brussels has invariably in recent years
demanded not only from member states, but also from partner countries to increase
defense spending, although this does not always correspond to their interests.
It is concluded that the implementation by states of a foreign policy focused on
their Euro-Atlantic integration leads to their loss of sovereignty. These countries abandon
their own national interests and participate in various projects, missions and operations
under the auspices of NATO, despite the fact that they are primarily bene cial to the
United States and its allies. The results of such a policy are clearly visible in the example
of Ukraine, which has largely lost its sovereignty in the military-political sphere.
Keywords: NATO, Euro-Atlantic integration, sovereignty, international security,
defense spending, Ukraine, post-Soviet space, Balkans.
ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ И ИНСТРУМЕНТЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ
«НОВОЙ НОРМЫ» В КОНТЕКСТЕ УГЛЕВОДОРОДНОЙ ПРОБЛЕМАТИКИ
ВОСТОЧНОГО СРЕДИЗЕМНОМОРЬЯ
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Аннотации/Summaries
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GEOPOLITICAL MECHANISMS AND INSTRUMENTS
FOR THE FORMATION OF A “NEW NORMAL“ IN THE CONTEXT
OF THE HYDROCARBON ISSUES OF THE EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN
Over the past two decades in the Eastern Mediterranean, in connection with
the discovery of new hydrocarbon deposits, a new con ict zone has been formed, in
which resource, military-strategic and territorial interests of both coastal states and
256
Аннотации/Summaries
an impressive set of extra-regional players are concentrated. The study attempts to
comprehensively examine the problem of the participation of the Eastern Mediterranean
region in the redrawing of the world energy map, leading to large-scale geopolitical
consequences, by analyzing the positions of many states as of December 2023. For
Israel, in addition to gas production from its elds, giving it diplomatic leverage impact
on neighbors, characterized by involvement in hydrocarbon exploration and work on
foreign sea shelves with the direct support of the United States. A special feature of the
work carried out is the inclusion of deliberate attempts by the Israeli leadership, under
various pretexts, to prevent the Palestinians from developing their o shore elds in the
Gaza Strip and including them in their gas infrastructure among the reasons for the
latest escalation of the Palestinian-Israeli confrontation and the transition to its phase
of armed con ict. One of the objectives of the study was to evaluate the emerging
analytical materials that shed light on the process of escalation of the con ict against the
backdrop of the con scation of Palestine’s o shore natural gas reserves, the inclusion of
new players who consider the Palestinians a secondary nation, and the participation of
Western energy companies in the events. In recent years, due to growing competition,
the Eastern Mediterranean has become the focus of attention of many states in the
Middle East and the European Union, which have shown their ambitions in a dispute
over access to the discovered blue fuel, for the right to transport it through their territory
to European markets. The work attempted to comprehensively consider the problems
of the long-planned and technically complex EastMed gas transportation system by
analyzing the positions of states involved in one way or another in this project. It was
repeatedly updated, constantly introduced geopolitical di culties in relations between
its supporters and opponents, and in the con ict region increased the level of tension
bordering on military confrontation. It is concluded that even the latest blocking of
the gas transportation project by the US administration to please Turkey was not
able to initiate a simultaneous abandonment of it by a number of states. Against this
background, concrete steps taken by EU states to replace old schemes of dependence on
hydrocarbon raw materials with environmentally friendly energy systems are noticeable.
Keywords: energy markets, Eastern Mediterranean, Palestinian gas, Israel, EastMed
gas pipeline.
ВЫШЕГРАДСКАЯ ГРУППА И ЕЕ «ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ СУВЕРЕНИТЕТ»
НА ФОНЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ «ЗЕРНОВОЙ СДЕЛКИ»
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257
Аннотации/Summaries
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THE VISEGRAD GROUP AND ITS “EFFECTIVE SOVEREIGNTY“ AGAINST
THE BACKGROUND OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE “GRAIN DEAL“
The current state of “uncertainty“ in international relations blurs the boundaries
of the state sovereignty concept. That poses the issue of the probable sustaining the
e ectiveness of sovereignty for states in terms of their national security. Furthermore,
the study raises the question of whether the non-state actors could also have “e ective
sovereignty”. The case of Visegrad Group in current socio-political conditions serves as an
empirical basis for this research. The consequences of the “grain deal“ are posed as a key
factor of “e ective sovereignty”, due to its impact on the food security sphere of Visegrad
Group’s countries. The paper examines three dimensions of the “e ective sovereignty”,
such as national on, subregional, which performs as a set of national strategies in
communication with each other, as well as the interaction between the region (EU) and
the sub-region (V4). To analyse these dimensions, the discursive space of the Visegrad
Group countries and the European Union is studied. The author also turns to the
statistical reports and databases aiming to give approvance to the hypothetical model.
The conclusion provides the illustration of Visegrad Group internal restructuring in
subregional dimension in accordance with the predominance of “e ective sovereignty”
at the national dimensions of only a part of the group members.
Keywords: “e ective sovereignty”, Visegrad Group, “grain deal”, embargo,
subregionalism, EU polycrisis.
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Аннотации/Summaries
ИНТЕГРАЦИОННЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ НА ПОСТСОВЕСТКОМ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕ
И ВОПРОС ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО СУВЕРЕНИТЕТА
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INTEGRATION PROCESSES IN THE POST-SOVIET SPACE AND
THE ISSUE OF STATE SOVEREIGNTY
The study presents key issues related to the integration processes taking place
in the post-Soviet space. Their features and prospects have been considered. In the
study, issues of state sovereignty occupy an important place in integration processes.
In particular, in this context, an attempt was made to answer the question of why the
former Soviet Union states initially shied away from implementing integration through
integration bodies endowed with supranational powers. Particular attention was paid
to integration processes in the military-political and economic spheres within the
Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The role of the CIS in the post-Soviet
space has been mentioned. Sub-regional integration processes in the post-Soviet
space have also been touched upon.
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Аннотации/Summaries
The study also presents military-political cooperation in the framework of the
Collective Security Treaty organization (CSTO), in particular how provisions relating to
state sovereignty are re ected in the founding documents of the CSTO and how they
are applied within the CSTO.
Economic integration has always been important in the post-Soviet space;
therefore, a discussion of integration processes within the Eurasian Economic Union
from the point of view of the issue of state sovereignty is also an important part of
the study, since it is the only integration organization in the post-Soviet space whose
member states have endowed it with supranational powers.
Keywords: integration, post-Soviet space, state sovereignty, regional organizations, CIS, CSTO, EAEU.
СУКУК КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ
МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ОТНОШЕНИЙ СО СТРАНАМИ ПЕРСИДСКОГО ЗАЛИВА
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