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Файл:Английский язык = English. Учебное пособие-2
.pdf
12. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях первого типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.
1. If it ...
practice) every day, he ...
enough data, he ...
button, the device ...
the necessary data, we ...
compress), they ...
never makes mistakes, you ...
obtain) in some materials if the temperature ...
(to rain), we ... (to stay) at home. 2. If the scientist ... (to
(to get) good results. 3. If the professor ... (to have)
(to introduce) his thesis next year. 4. If you ... (to press) the
(to start) working. 5. If the investigator ... (to receive)
(to inform) you. 6. If ordinary gases greatly ... (to
(to become) liquids. 7. If you ... (to think) that a computer
(to be) wrong. 8. Superconductivity ... (to
(to be) very low and close to
absolute zero.
13. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях второго типа и поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.
1. If you ...
situation ...
(to have) a driving license, you ... (to get) this job. 2. If the
(to permit), we ... (to test) this device. 3. If I ... (to be) free, I ...
(to use) it in our work. 4. If there ... (to be) no computers, space fl ights ...
(to be) impossible. 5. If it ... (to be) possible to learn how birds fi nd their way,
people ...
6. If you ...
(to use) the principle to develop a navigation system for aviation.
(to take) a taxi, you ... (to catch) the last train. 7. If it ... (to be)
necessary to increase the speed of this particular engine, it could be achieved
by using a special device. 8. If the scientists ...
earthquakes, it ...
(to be) possible to evacuate people from the regions and
(to fi nd) the ways to predict
thus save many human lives.
14. Раскройте скобки в условных предложениях третьего типа и
поставьте глаголы в правильную форму.
1. If the students ...
with a well-known scientist. 2. The design ...
year if they ...
(not to work) overtime, the canal ... (not to open) in time. 4. If the engineer
...
(to inform) of the results before, he ... (to allow) you to repeat the test. 5. If
...
(to supply) us with all the necessary equipment. 3. If the builders
the group of scientists ...
6. If we ...
(to use) new materials, the device ... (to be) more reliable.
(to come) to the meeting yesterday, they ... (to meet)
(to be) ready by the end of the
(to test) this material, they ... (to use) it in their work.
15. Раскройте скобки и образуйте все возможные типы условных
предложений.
1. If we ...
(to have) the Internet at home, I ... (to use) it to do my laboratory
work.
241
2. If I ... (to have) enough money, I ... (to buy) a new computer.
3. You ...
(to fi nd) a lot of useful information if you ... (to look at) that
website.
4. If they ...
5. If you ...
(to play) computer games all the time, they ... (not to be) good.
(to need) some information, you ... (to use) the Internet.
READING AND SPEAKING PRACTICE
16. Прочитайте и письменно переведите на русский язык текст А,
пользуясь словарем.
Text A. The Future of the Internet
Everywhere we go, we hear about the Internet. It is on television, in
magazines, newspapers, and in schools. One might think that this network of
millions of computers around the globe is as fast and captivating as television,
but with more and more users logging on everyday and staying on longer and
longer, this “Information Superhighway” could be perhaps more correctly
referred to as an expressway of big city centre at rush hour.
It is estimated that thirty fi ve to forty million users currently are on the
Internet. According to a recent statistics, an average Internet call lasts fi ve
times as longer as the average regular telephone call. 10 percent of the
Internet calls last 6 hours or longer. This can cause an overload and, in turn,
cause telephone network to fail.
The local network was designed for short calls which person makes and
then hangs up, but Internet calls often occupy a line for hours. With so many
users in the Internet and their number is growing by 200 percent annually, it
certainly provides new challenges for the telephone companies. The Internet,
up to the beginning of the 90s, was used only to read diff erent texts. Then
in the early 90’s, a way was made to see pictures and listen to a sound on
the Internet. This breakthrough made the Internet to be the most demanded
means of communication, data saving and transporting.
However, today’s net is much more than just pictures, text, and sound.
The Internet is now fi lled with voice messages, video conferencing and video
games. With voice messages, users can talk over the Internet for the price of
the local phone call.
Nowadays people no longer have to own a computer to access the
Internet. Now, the devices such as Web TV allow the television to browse
the Web and use Electronic Mail. Cellular phones are now also dialing up the
Internet to provide E-mail and answering machine services. The telephone
network was not designed and built to handle these sorts of things. Many
242
telephone companies are spending enormous amounts of money to upgrade
the telephone lines.
K. Kao and G. Hockman were the fi rst to come up with the idea of using
fi ber optic cables, as opposed to copper wire, to carry telephone signals.
Fiber optics uses pulses of light to transmit binary code, such as that used in
computers and other electronic devices. As a result, the amount of bandwidth
is incredibly raised. Another solution for the problem is fast modems which
satisfy the need for speed.
By accessing the Net through the coaxial cable that provides television to
people’s homes, the speed can be increased 1000 fold. However, the cable
system was built to only send information one way. In other words, they can
send stuff to the person, but person can’t send anything back, if there is no
modem available.
Yet another way is being introduced to access the Internet, and that is
through the use of a satellite dish just like the TV dishes currently used to
deliver television from satellites in space to one’s home. However, like cable
connection, the information can only be sent one way.
Faster ways of connecting to the Internet may sound like a solution to the
problem, but, just as new lanes on highways attract more cars, a faster Internet
could attract many times more users, making it even slower than before.
17. Найдите в тексте следующие слова и словосочетания и составьте с ними предложения.
Rush hour; a recent statistics; the local network; new challenges; data
saving; voice messages; to upgrade; fi ber optic cables; solution; the cable
system; in other words.
18. Парная работа. Составьте вопросы по содержанию прочитанного текста и задайте их своему собеседнику.
19. Найдите в тексте следующие числа и прочитайте предложения
с ними:
40,000,000; 6; 200; 90; 1000.
20. Прочитайте текст В без использования словаря, определите, о
чем он, и выполните послетекстовые задания.
Text B. Social Networks
In today’s world, social networks are among the most popular enterprises.
The plateau of users on sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Myspace, to name
243
a few, ranges in the millions. Nowadays, every advertisement, company and
event has a Facebook page. However why are social networks so widespread
and widely used?
As we live in an era where technology is at its peak and is in constant
development, things like reading books on the Internet, shopping online
and communication with contacts around the globe, which were impossible
a hundred years ago, are now part of everyday life. The most vital part of
today’s world is speed – the speed of acquiring information. The appeal of
social networks lies fi rstly in their accessibility – the registration on most of
the popular social networks is free of charge. Accessibility and ease of use is
what makes sites such as Facebook and Myspace appealing. Secondly, social
networks create the possibility to connect with friends, acquaintances or even
strangers across the world, which is vital in the modern world. While during
the pre-internet era communication required countless amounts of time, energy
and money then today it is only a click away. In addition social networks allow
people to monitor the social developments of their ‘friend list’. Finally, in
addition to fulfi lling the task of a social network, sites such as Facebook, provide
entertainment for their users. Take for instance the Facebook applications,
which feature all kinds of quizzes and games for the users.
However like in most cases social networks have also a negative side and
it is important to ask whether the benefi ts of social networking outweigh the
dangers of it. One of the problems associated with social network services
is that during the process of registration, users are asked to fi ll in mandatory
fi elds requiring personal information. By providing social network services
with personal information including full name, address, schools, and
hobbies, users also enable anyone to access it, which could impose various
risks. For instance the provided personal information could be stolen from
the service provider and used for wrong purposes. Another possibility is that
the companies providing the social network service may themselves use the
provided personal information.
Another problem associated with social networks is the social profi le of
a person – the image of themselves that they present to others. The Internet
off ers various freedoms and thus often users upload photos of themselves,
post messages and so on but do not consider the consequences. Once
something is on the Internet, it stays there forever. Or as it can be said that
on the Internet, namely on social networking sites you can never be certain
of who is “listening”.
As social networking websites have obtained such popularity, many
employers as well as educational establishments monitor / check the image
of a possible candidate in order to study their personality and suitability
before acceptance. Therefore every user should be aware of their image on
social networking sites as they may aff ect his or her future prospects.
244
Furthermore accessibility of personal information on the World Wide
Web may attract internet predators and stalkers. In a US National Institute
of Justice stalking statistics report stated that 8.1% of surveyed women and
2.2% of surveyed men reported being stalked. An overall 10.3% of people
have reported being stalked online. According to statistics from WHOA
(Working to Halt Online Abuse) 19.5% of cyber stalking cases escalate to
offl ine stalking, which could be dangerous to the victim’s life.
Therefore it is important to acknowledge both the positive and negative
sides of social networks and make use of the benefi ts while at the same time
bearing in mind the consequences.
21. Поставьте соответствующие вопросы к следующим предложениям.
1. Social networks are among the most popular enterprises. (General)
2. Every advertisement, company and event has a Facebook page.
(Disjunctive)
3. The most vital part of today’s world is the speed of acquiring
information. (Special)
4. Social networks create the possibility to connect with friends. (General)
5. The Facebook provides entertainment for their users. (Special)
6. One of the problems associated with social network services is that
during the process of registration, users are asked to fi ll in mandatory fi elds
requiring personal information. (Special)
7. The companies providing the social network service may themselves
use the provided personal information. (Disjunctive)
8. 19.5% of cyber stalking cases escalate to offl ine stalking, which could
be dangerous to the victim’s life. (Alternative)
22. Составьте резюме по содержанию прочитанного текста.
23. Расскажите о плюсах и минусах социальных сетей, а также о
своем отношении к ним.
24. Прочитайте текст C и составьте резюме по содержанию прочитанного текста.
Text С. Mark Zuckerberg
Mark Zuckerberg is an American programmer who was the cofounder of
a famous social networking website – Facebook. Nowadays, he is one of the
World’s youngest billionaires.
245
Mark was born in 1984, in White Plains, New York. He is one of the 4
children in the family. However, he wasn’t neglected by his parents and had
an absolutely comfortable childhood. It was obvious that young Mark was
extremely talented. He began to show an interest in computers very early
and at the age of 12 he created a messaging program “Zucknet” which was
used in his father’s dental offi ce. The program helped his father to call new
patients without yelling across the room.
Zuckerberg later studied at Phillips Exeter Academy and got a classical
education as well. However, he was still fascinated by computers. That’s why
he continued developing programs. For instance, in high school he created
music software – Synapse. Several outstanding companies wanted to buy it
and even off ered to hire him before graduation. However, he refused to sell it
and declined the job off er. After the high school Mark Zuckerberg continued
his education in Harvard University. At that time he got an idea of creating a
social netwoking website. Some of his friends helped him and inspired him
to develop the idea. The site was originally called Harvard Connection.
Today the website is called Facebook and it diff ers from its early version.
Nevertheless, it is still famous and useful. It gives millions of people an
opportunity to communicate even living in diff erent countries.
TEST
1. Из предложенных вариантов ответов выберите один правильный.
1. If the weather were fi ne, we … out of town.
a) go c) gone
b) would go d) had gone
2. If I … their language, I could understand what they were saying.
a) had known c) know
b) will know d) knew
3. If you touch a socket with wet hands, you … an electric shock.
a) will get c) would have got
b) would get d) get
4. If I … you, I would apologize to him.
a) was c) be
b) were d) will be
5. If Tom … the medicine, he would feel better now.
a) take c) taken
b) took d) had taken.
246
6. If the weather … fi ne, we’ll go out of town.
a) was c) will be
b) is d) were
7. If they … all the necessary equipment, they will be able to carry out their
experiment.
a) will receive c) receive
b) would receive d) had received
8. If the satellite’s speed were less than required, it … and enter the
atmosphere.
a) will drop c) would drop
b) drop d) would have dropped
9. If the students had been more careful, they … the new apparatus.
a) will not break c) would have broken
b) have not broken d) would not have broken
10. If the oil supply … even for a moment, serious damage might have
resulted.
a) stop c) had stopped
b) will stop d) would stop
2. Прочитайте текст и составьте резюме по содержанию прочитанного.
Testing the Сomputer Program
There are two kinds of errors or bugs with which programmers must deal.
The fi rst type is the coding error. Such errors are syntax errors that prevent
the language processor from successfully translating the source program
to object program code. The language processor identifi es the nature and
the location of the error on the source program listing, so these errors are
relatively easy to fi nd and correct. The second type of bug is the logic error.
The computer program can be successfully translated, but the program does
not pr oduce the desired results. These errors are generally much more diffi cult
to fi nd and to correct than are coding errors. Logic errors can be avoided
through careful planning of the program logic, but it is the programmer’s
responsibility to test thoroughly all of the program’s functions, in order to
verify that the program performs according to specifi cations.
There are many tools provided to the programmer to help in debugging the
program logic. These tools are called debug packages or tracing routines. They
assist the programmer in following the logic by printing out calculation results
and fi eld values used in making logic decisions in the program. In a few cases
it may be necessary to use a memory dump – a printout of the instructions and
date held in the computer’s memory – in order to fi nd the cause of logic errors.
247
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ (APPENDIX)
Таблица неправильных глаголов
Infi nitive
(Инфинитив)
Past Simple
(Прошедшее
простое время)
Participle II
(Причастие
прошедшего
времени)
Перевод
abide abode, abided abode, abided пребывать; держаться
arise arose arisen подниматься; возникать
awake awoke awaked, awoken будить; проснуться
be was / were been быть
bear bore born, borne рождать
beat beat beaten бить
become became become становиться
begin began begun начинать
bend bent bent сгибать, гнуть
bind bound bound связывать
bite bit bitten кусать
bleed bled bled кровоточить
bless blessed blessed, blest благословлять
blow blew blown дуть
break broke broken ломать
breed bred bred выращивать, разводить
bring brought brought приносить
broadcast broadcast broadcast вещать (о ТВ, радио)
build built built строить
burn burnt burnt жечь, гореть
buy bought bought покупать
catch caught caught ловить, хватать
choose chose chosen выбирать
come came come приходить
cost cost cost стоить
creep crept crept ползти
248
Infi nitive
(Инфинитив)
Past Simple
(Прошедшее
простое время)
Participle II
(Причастие
прошедшего
времени)
Перевод
cut cut cut резать
deal dealt dealt иметь дело; распределять
dig dug dug копать
do did done делать
draw drew drawn рисовать; тащить
dream dreamt dreamt мечтать
drink drank drunk пить
drive drove driven водить (машину)
dwell dwelt dwelt обитать; задерживаться
eat ate eaten есть
fall fell fallen падать
feed fed fed кормить
feel felt felt чувствовать
fi ght fought fought сражаться, бороться
fi nd found found находить
fl y fl ew fl own летать
forbid forbad, forbade forbidden запрещать
forget forgot forgotten забывать
forgive forgave forgiven прощать
freeze froze frozen замерзать
get got got получать
give gave given давать
go went gone идти, ехать
grave graved graved, graven гравировать
grind ground ground точить, молоть
grow grew grown расти
hang hung hung вешать
have had had иметь
hear heard heard слышать
249
Infi nitive
(Инфинитив)
Past Simple
(Прошедшее
простое время)
Participle II
(Причастие
прошедшего
времени)
Перевод
hide hid hidden прятать(ся)
hit hit hit ударять
hold held held держать
hurt hurt hurt причинять боль
keep kept kept хранить, содержать
knit knit, knitted knit, knitted вязать
know knew known знать
lay laid laid класть
lead led led вести
learn learnt learnt учить
leave left left оставлять
lend lent lent одалживать
let let let позволять
lie lay lain лежать
light lit lit освещать
lose lost lost терять
make made made делать
mean meant meant значить
meet met met встречать
pay paid paid платить
put put put класть
read read read читать
ride rode ridden ездить верхом
ring rang rung звонить
rise rose risen вставать, подниматься
rive rived riven расщеплять
run ran run бегать
say said said говорить
see saw seen видеть
250
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