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Файл:Английский язык = English. Учебное пособие-2
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4. Men began building houses out of stone very long ago. (General)
5. Brick is among the oldest and most popular building materials.
(General; alternative)
6. In modern buildings we use concrete instead of stone and brick.
(Disjunctive)
7. Concrete is a mixture of sand, broken stones, water and other materials.
(Special)
8. Skyscrapers off er space for offi ces, apartments, shops, hotels,
restaurants and other services. (Special)
25. Найдите в каждом абзаце слова, которые можно было бы вынести перед текстом в качестве ключевых.
26. Разделите текст A на смысловые части и выделите в каждом его
абзаце предложение, передающее основную мысль.
27. Найдите в тексте и прочитайте описание зданий и сооружений
из a) дерева, б) камня, в) цемента, г) кирпича.
28. Составьте подробный план текста, выделяя микротемы каждой части и озаглавливая их.
29. Передайте обобщенно основное содержание текста на английском языке.
30. Перескажите текст А, пользуясь логико-смысловыми опорами.
31. Прочитайте текст В без использования словаря, определите, о
чем он, и выполните послетекстовые задания.
Text B. History of Skyscrapers
Two discoveries in the middle of the 1800s made it possible to build
modern skyscrapers. Before the Industrial Revolution brick and stone
walls carried the weight of buildings. Because each fl oor was very heavy it
was impossible to build very high houses. In the middle of the 19
th
century
steel became an important building material. This metal was strong and light.
Architects could now construct a steel skeleton to support very tall buildings.
Chicago’s Home Insurance Company Building was ten storeys tall and the
fi rst skyscraper to use such a steel construction.
Skyscrapers would have been useless if people had to walk up and down
many fl ights of stairs. In 1853 an elevator safe enough to carry passengers
was invented by Elisha Graves Otis.
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During the early 20th century the construction of tall buildings became
very popular in big cities. Cities grew bigger as more and more people could
live and work there. Tall buildings were also seen as a symbol of power and
greatness. Thus, major cities, especially in America, fought for the tallest
buildings in the world. For four decades the Empire State Building in New
York was the world’s highest structure. The 381 metre high landmark has
102 storeys and was completed in 1932. The World Trade Centre, fi nished in
1973, became a symbol of the city’s economic strength. Even though many
New Yorkers did not like them at the beginning, they got used to the “Twin
Towers” in the middle of Manhattan. The destruction of the World Trade
Centre in the terrorist attacks of 2001 hit the heart of the city.
Today the world’s tallest buildings no longer stand in America. Other
countries, mainly in the growing regions of Asia, have entered the prestigious
race for the tallest structures in the world. The 452 metre high Petronas
Towers in Malaysia, completed in 1996, became the fi rst skyscraper outside
the US to climb the top of the list. The 828 metres high Burj Dubai (Burj
Khalifa) in the United Arab Emirates is currently the tallest building that
has ever been built. For Dubai the skyscraper is a symbol of strength and
prosperity, even though the emirate is living beyond its means and spending
too much money.
As the race for the world’s tallest building continues most experts have
diff erent opinions on how tall skyscrapers can become. Some say building
a 1000-metre high structure would be no problem with today’s technology;
others think that we would need lighter, stronger materials as well as faster
elevators to make this possible.
Notes:
the Industrial Revolution – промышленная революция;
Elisha Graves Otis – Элиша Грейвс Отис;
the Empire State Building – Эмпайр-стейт-билдинг;
Petronas Towers – башни Петронас;
Burj Dubai (Burj Khalifa) – Бурж Дубай (Бурж Калифа).
32. Найдите в тексте следующие слова. Прочитайте и переведите
предложения, в которых они употребляются.
Industrial; fl oor; light; useless; bigger; symbol; trade; strength; destruction;
prestigious; to climb; prosperity; problem.
33. Найдите в тексте следующие даты и числа и прочитайте предложения с ними:
1800; 1853; 1932; 2001; 1996; 828; 1000.
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34. Составьте резюме по содержанию прочитанного текста.
35. Расскажите на английском языке все, что вы знаете о самых
высоких зданиях.
36. Прочитайте текст С. Найдите в нем пословицы и поговорки и
переведите их на русский язык.
Text C. My Home is My Castle
House is essential for man’s life. A house serves as a shelter and a place
to satisfy all our needs: we sleep, eat, hide ourselves from bad weather, store
personal property, work and rest there. So we want not just a house but a
home. So what is the diff erence between a house and a home? It is considered
that the place where you live is your home whatever type of house it is.
British people often say that your home is the place where you belong and
feel comfortable, so it is more than just a house. Some people think of home
in terms of where they grew up or where they lived. For them it is a place
that brings back old memories or feelings. The state of a person’s home can
physiologically infl uence his or her behaviour, emotions, and mental health.
Some people may become homesick when they are separated from their
home environment.
There are a lot of proverbs and sayings supporting the importance of
home to a person: “East or West, home is best”; “There is no place like
home”; “My house is my fortress”; “Home, sweet home”; “Home is where
the heart is”; “Home is home, though it be never so homely”; “Dry bread
at home is better than roast meat abroad” and many others. Such sayings
exist in any language and in any culture. Houses diff er from one culture to
another, depending on the world outlook of a certain community, which has
its roots in the religion of a nation, its traditions and historic heritage. That is
why there are so many types of houses and ways of life in the world. There
are certain cultures in which members lack permanent homes, such as with
nomadic people.
A person’s home can tell us what culture he belongs to, because
consciously or unconsciously, one usually keeps to one’s native traditions,
though it is rather diffi cult to do so in the modern world, especially in the
city.
An Englishman’s motto is “My home is my castle”. A house doesn’t only
ensure privacy or give a sense of stability and security, but it is also a status
symbol. A big and expensive house means that its owner is a very successful
person. There are diff erent types of houses in Britain. For example, a terraced
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house is a house joined to a row of other houses. A semi-detached house
is joined to another house. The British dream of living in a detached house
(which means a separate building) though having a detached house is much
more expensive than a semi-detached or a terraced one. A cottage is a small,
usually old house, typically in a rural, or semi-rural location. A bungalow is a
fairly modern house built on only one level. Most people don’t like blocks of
fl ats, because they don’t suit British attitudes and don’t give people enough
privacy. Besides many blocks of fl ats are badly built and are associated with
poverty and crime.
Nowadays some people prefer living in a houseboat. It is a boat designed
to be used as a human dwelling. In the United Kingdom, canal narrow boats
are used as homes and also as mobile, rented, holiday accommodation. Over
15,000 people live afl oat in Great Britain. They are found throughout the
canals, rivers and coasts; in cities, in the country and in harbours. Some cruise
continuously, some are permanently moored and the others mix cruising and
mooring. Many people fi nd houseboats very attractive because they can stay
in one area for a few weeks or months and than move somewhere else. It
helps them feel closer to nature and escape from everyday problems of life
ashore.
While travelling many people use a travel trailer or a caravan which is
towed behind a road vehicle. It is much more comfortable than a tent and it
gives travellers the opportunity not to spend their money on a motel or hotel.
There are travel trailers and caravans of various types. They may be little
more than a tent on wheels or they may contain several rooms with furniture
and equipment. Travel trailers are especially popular in North America,
Europe, Australia and New Zealand.
A house can say much about its inhabitants: their way of life, tastes,
fi nancial position, etc. No matter what type of house a person has, he should
feel comfortable there. As a rule one’s house is associated with one’s family.
Living under one roof people become closer and begin to understand each
other better. So we can say that a house unites and for every person his
house is a small Universe, a sacred place where love, friendship, mutual
understanding and mutual respect reign.
Note:
homesick – тоскующий по дому;
motto – девиз, лозунг;
semi-detached – смежный;
harbour – порт;
mutual – взаимный.
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37. Соедините начало и конец предложений.
1. British people often say that your
home is
a) not to spend their money on a
motel or hotel.
2. The state of a person’s home can b) don’t suit British attitudes and
don’t give people enough privacy.
3. A house doesn’t only ensure
privacy or give a sense of stability
and security, but it is also
c) a small Universe, a sacred place
where love, friendship, mutual
understanding and mutual respect
reign.
4. Most people don’t like blocks of
fl ats, because they
d) physiologically infl uence his or
her behaviour, emotions, and mental
health.
5. In the United Kingdom, canal
narrow boats are used as homes and
e) North America, Europe, Australia
and New Zealand.
also as
6. A travel trailer is much more
comfortable than a tent and it gives
f) the place where you belong and
feel comfortable.
travellers the opportunity
7. Travel trailers are especially
g) a status symbol.
popular in
8. For every person his house is h) mobile, rented, holiday accommodation.
38. Выразите согласие или несогласие со следующими английски-
ми высказываниями.
1. House is essential for man’s life.
2. Home is where the heart is.
3. A house gives a sense of stability and security.
4. It is rather diffi cult to keep to one’s native traditions in the modern city.
5. A house can say much about its inhabitants.
6. Living under one roof people become closer and begin to understand
each other better.
39. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.
1. What is the diff erence between a house and a home?
2. Why do many people feel homesick when they leave their home?
3. Why do houses diff er from one culture to another?
4. How can a house indicate a person’s status?
5. What types of houses do you know?
95
6. Would you like to live in a houseboat? Why?
7. What are the main advantages and disadvantages of a travel trailer?
8. What kind of house is ideal to your mind?
9. Which is more important: the exterior of a house or the atmosphere
that reigns in it? Explain your point of view.
10. Is your home important to you? Could you change your lodgings
easily?
40. Составьте план текста и перескажите его в соответствии с планом.
TEST
1. Из предложенных вариантов ответов выберите один правильный.
1. We … for you all day. Where have you been?
a) was looking c) have looked
b) were looking d) have been looking
2. Mary says she … this man for ages.
a) has known c) was knowing
b) has been knowing d) knows
3. Mrs. Stone … as a teacher for thirty years.
a) works c) has been working
b) worked d) is working
4. Their family has been living in this house since the 19
a) haven’t they c) don’t they
b) hasn’t it d) isn’t it
5. Come in and sit. We … our plans for next holidays.
a) have just been discussing c) have just discussed
b) just discussed d) just discuss
6. Tom’s hands are very dirty. He … his car since morning.
a) was repairing c) has been repairing
b) has repaired d) had been repairing
7. Ann … tennis since she was ten.
a) have been playing c) is playing
b) has been playing d) had been playing
8. By 2030 you … long enough to retire.
a) will not work c) will have not been working
b) will not have worked d) will not have been working
th
century, …?
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2. Соедините название жилища с его описанием.
1. Igloo is a) a very tall modern city building.
2. Castle is b) a small simple building with only one or two rooms.
3. Bungalow is c) a house made of blocks of hard snow or ice.
4. Caravan is d) a structure with a round or pointed roof used as a home
by some Native American tribes in the past.
5. Skyscraper is e) a very large strong building, built in the past as a safe
place that could be easily defended against attack.
6. Duplex is f) a small house with one fl oor.
7. Palace is g) the offi cial home of a person of very high rank,
especially a king or queen.
8. Wigwam is h) a small house in the country.
9. Hut is i) a vehicle that a car can pull and in which people can
live and sleep when they are on holiday.
10. Cottage is j) a type of house that is divided into two parts, so that it
has two separate homes in it.
UNIT V. A Country across the Channel.
Physics World
Vocabulary
Oral Practice: A Country across the Channel
Grammar: Модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты
Reading and Speaking Practice:
Text А. What is Physics?
Text B. Energy
Text С. Stephen Hawking
Test
VOCABULARY
1. Прочитайте и запомните новые слова, познакомьтесь с их русскими эквивалентами; переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. ability [əˈbɪlətɪ] n. способность, возможность, умение
The test measures verbal and mathematical ability.
2. accurate [ˈækjərət] adj. точный, правильный
Her calculation of the building costs proved quite accurate.
3. axis [ˈæksɪs] n. ось
The Earth rotates on its axis.
4. (to) charge [tʃɑːdʒ] n. заряд; нагрузка
I felt the emotional charge of the drama.
v. заряжать
I need to charge my car battery.
5. conductor [kənˈdʌktə] n. проводник
Metal is a good conductor of electricity.
6. conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl] adj. обусловленный; стандартный;
обычный
Most of her books are conventional detective stories.
7. electricity [ɪlekˈtrɪsɪtɪ] n. электричество
The new lights consume less electricity.
8. to exist [ɪɡˈzɪst] v. существовать; быть
None of the protection systems that exist today are completely fair safe.
9. fi ssion [ˈfɪʃn] n. деление; распад; раскол
Both fi ssion and fusion produce a lot of energy.
10. fusion [ˈfjuːʒn] n. слияние; синтез, объединение; сплав
The diamond is not susceptible of fusion even at a very high temperature.
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11. heat [hiːt] n. тепло; жар; жара
Many metals conduct heat.
12. light [laɪt] n. свет, освещение; огонь; лампа, фонарь, фара
The red light means ‘Stop’.
13. liquid [ˈlɪkwɪd] n. жидкость
Water and milk are liquids.
adj. жидкий; текучий; непостоянный
Water exists in three states: liquid, gaseous and solid.
14. magnetism [ˈmæɡnɪtɪzm] n. магнетизм
The magnetism comes from electric charges and currents.
15. motion [ˈməʊʃn] n. движение
They were in state of steady motion.
16. nuclear [ˈnjuːklɪə] adj. ядерный, атомный
This train is carrying nuclear waste.
17. observation [ˌɒbzɜːˈveɪʃn] n. наблюдение; наблюдательность;
замечание
Professor’s observation was very appropriate.
18. physics [ˈfɪzɪks] n. физика
Tom studied Physics at the university.
19. to possess [pɒˈzes] v. обладать, владеть
Humans possess the power of reasoning.
20. to predict [prɪˈdɪkt] v. предсказывать
The result is impossible to predict with any degree of certainty.
21. to revolve [rɪˈvɒlv] v. вращать(ся); обдумывать
The software allows you to revolve images.
22. rotational [rəʊˈteɪʃənəl] adj. переменный; чередующийся; враща-
ющийся
The two principal forms of kinetic energy are known as translational and
rotational.
23. (to) sound [saʊnd] n. звук; тон; шум
Light travels faster than sound.
v. звучать, издавать звук
It sounds very sophisticated.
24. stable [ˈsteɪbl] adj. стабильный; стойкий; устойчивый; твердый
A wide base will make the structure much more stable.
25. term [tɜːm] n. термин; срок; семестр
The term of the contract is 3 years.
26. translational [trænsˈleɪʃnəl] adj. поступательный
Explain the term ‘translational energy’ in your own words.
27. virtue [ˈvɜːtjuː] n. сила; действие; свойство; by
/ in virtue of по-
средством; благодаря
He became famous scientist by virtue of his research.
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2. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания с новой лексикой и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на сочетаемость
слов.
Verbal ability, accurate description, rotation about axis, to charge the
battery, a good conductor of electricity, conventional phrase, to generate
electricity, binary fi ssion, to conduct heat, the light of the sun, to put the
light on, to strike a light, liquid food, to put smth in motion, nuclear waste,
to keep under observation, quantum physics, to possess property, to predict
the result, to revolve round its axis, the sound of voices, stable foundation,
a spring term, translational energy.
3. Поставьте разные типы вопросов к следующим предложениям.
1. The Earth rotates on its axis.
2. Metal is a good conductor of electricity.
3. The new lights consume less electricity.
4. Both fi ssion and fusion produce a lot of energy.
5. Water exists in three states: liquid, gaseous and solid.
6. The two principal forms of kinetic energy are known as translational
and rotational.
4. Образуйте словосочетания и предложения с новыми словами.
ORAL PRACTICE
5. Прочитайте текст. Поставьте к нему разные типы вопросов и
дайте на них краткие и полные ответы.
A COUNTRY ACROSS THE CHANNEL
The British Isles, which include Great Britain, Ireland and a lot of smaller
islands, are situated off the north-western coast of Europe and once formed
part of that continent. They became islands when they were separated from
it. The separation took place thousands of years ago, after the last Ice Age,
when the ice melted, the level of the oceans rose and drowned the low-lying
coastlands.
Politically the British Isles are divided into two countries – the United
Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Irish Republic. All
in all there are over 5,000 islands in the system of the British Isles which lie
on the continental shelf, the zone of shallow water surrounding at present the
continent and resembling a shelf above the deep water of the oceans.
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