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Файл:Английский язык = English. Учебное пособие-2
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2) размер
The measurements of the ground are 100 by 50 feet.
3) система мер
The metric system of measurements was used offi cially in almost all
nations.
19. metric system [ˈmetrɪk ˈsɪstəm] метрическая система
Metric system is based on the metre for length and the kilogram for mass.
20. observation [ˌɒbzɜːˈveɪʃn] n. 1) наблюдение
During the experiment we recorded our observations in the notebooks.
2) наблюдательность
Ann has good powers of observation.
21. property [ˈprɒpətɪ] n. 1) имущество; собственность; хозяйство
They paid him the value of his lost property.
2) свойство
A chemical property of iron is its ability to react with other compounds.
22. quantity [ˈkwɒntɪtɪ] n. количество; величина; размер
Huge quantity of oil was spilling into the sea.
23. (to) research [rɪˈsɜːtʃ] n. (обычно pl.) (научное) исследование
The results are consistent with earlier research.
v. заниматься исследованиями
An important problem has been successfully researched.
24. science [ˈsaɪəns] n. наука
This idea is discredited by modern science.
25. scientist [ˈsaɪəntɪst] n. ученый; натуралист, естествоиспытатель
My father is a scientist studying the machinery.
26. simplicity [sɪmˈplɪsɪtɪ] n. простота; простодушие
Simplicity is the key to an effi cient design.
27. unit [ˈjuːnɪt] n. единица; единица измерения
The metric unit of energy is the “joule”.
28. velocity [vəˈlɒsɪtɪ] n. скорость; быстрота
The velocity of light is a constant.
2. Прочитайте следующие словосочетания с новой лексикой и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на сочетаемость
слов.
To light a candle, to blow out a candle, a productive capacity, to have a
capacity of 5 litres, peak capacity, coherent rocks, coherent thought, coherent
system of units, complicated mechanism, clear conception, air density, to
determine the meaning of a word, linear dimensions, to ensure an income,
equal parts, to equal smb’s record, to establish an international organization,
fi xed prices, illogical deduction, metrical measure, to measure land, to
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take smb’s measurements, the metric system of measurements, record of
observation, private property, considerable quantity, advanced research, the
methods of science, qualifi ed scientist, the velocity of light.
3. Образуйте возможные словосочетания из слов в обеих колонках.
AB
to light units modern system
productive a new candle to measure science
coherent capacity metric the distance
4. Поставьте разные типы вопросов к следующим предложениям.
1. Candle (cd) is one of the basic units of the metric system.
2. The professor gave equal attention to every student.
3. The metric system of measurements was used offi cially in almost all
nations.
4. An important problem has been successfully researched.
5. The velocity of light is a constant.
5. Образуйте словосочетания и предложения с новыми словами.
ORAL PRACTICE
6. Прочитайте текст. Поставьте к нему разные типы вопросов и
дайте на них краткие и полные ответы.
ABOUT MYSELF
It is both pleasant and a bit diffi cult to speak about myself. It is pleasant
because every person enjoys speaking about his or her interests, likes
or dislikes. But at the same time it is diffi cult because to study a person,
especially yourself, is a great journey, not a little walk.
First of all let me introduce myself. I’m Maxim Gromyko. My friends
usually call me Max. I was born on the 16th of October in 2002 in Gomel.
Like many other children when I was a child I went to a kindergarten. At
the age of 6 I went to school number 39 in Gomel. I was very proud when
I became a pupil. I was quite good at school. My favourite subjects were
Geography and History, but I gave considerable attention to Mathematics
and Physics because I wanted to enter a technical university.
I fi nished school in 2019 and now I am a fi rst-year student of the
Technological department at Gomel State Technical University named after
22
P.O. Sukhoi. It’s not easy to study, but I’m really enjoying my course at the
university.
Despite the fact that I am focusing on studies I try to gain time for extra-
curricular activities. I am a forward in the region football team. We often
take part in diff erent competitions. I’m also fond of listening to music.
I’m a sociable person so I have a lot of friends. I spend a lot of time with
them. We like to dance, have coff ee and soft drinks. Sometimes we go to the
theatre or they come to my place and we just chat.
When I need some relaxation, I like to stay home alone. Then I listen to
music, watch television or read books. I am fond of reading detective stories.
It is considered that detective stories can’t be regarded as the real literature.
I don’t agree with this. Everything depends on the skill and gift of the writer.
I’m not married and still live with my parents.
My family is rather large: my father, my mother, my elder brother Ivan
and my younger sister Maria. My father’s name is Vladimir. He is 47. He
works as an engineer at a big plant. I think my father is quite handsome. He
is tall and broad-shouldered. His dark hair is just beginning to go grey. He’s
a clever man but a little unpractical. Though he is always busy he helps my
mother about the house.
My mother’s name is Irina. She’s a tall good-looking woman of 46 but
she doesn’t look her age. She has a kind face and when you meet her the
fi rst thing you notice is her smile – she has a very charming smile. As to her
character, she is kind and gentle, warm-hearted and tactful. I really adore her
sense of humour. My mother is a teacher of English at school. Besides she
does all the housework. My mother is fond of tennis. She’s also very good
at cooking.
My elder brother Ivan is twenty-one, he attends the Medical University
and he will be a surgeon. My younger sister Maria is only twelve, she is
a schoolgirl. I can’t but mention one more member of our family. It’s our
favourite cat Tom.
My grandparents are already pensioners, but they are still full of life and
energy. I have many relatives – aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces.
Some of them live in our city. But the others live far from us. We try not to
miss a chance of seeing each other. They often stay with us during holidays.
Or either we go to see them.
I think I’m a happy person. I have a loving family and a lot of friends.
Notes:
to give considerable attention – уделять большое внимание;
fi rst-year / second-year student – студент-первокурсник / -второкурсник;
Technological department – технологический факультет;
extra-curricular activities – внеаудиторная деятельность;
23
to be fond of – увлекаться;
to regard – считать, рассматривать;
to depend (on) – зависеть (от);
gift – талант, способность;
to adore – обожать;
to mention – упоминать.
7. Соедините слова из групп А и В парами по смыслу.
A: married, mother, son, younger, sister, grandmother, nephew, wife.
B: husband, daughter, single, father, brother, niece, grandfather, elder.
8. Подберите соответствующее слово из предложенных ниже, поставьте его в правильную форму.
I want to tell you about my sister Helen. Helen is 39 … . She teaches German at … . She likes her … very much. Helen is … . Her husband’s name is
Robert. Helen and Robert have 2 … : a son and a daughter. Their daughter’s
name is Jane. She is 8. Jane is a … girl. She has a lot of friends. Helen’s son
Mike is 18. He is a fi rst-year … at the Open University. Mike is a good son and
a good brother. He … his parents about the house and … his younger sister.
children, job, to help, sociable, years old, to look after, married, student,
school
9. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, используя синонимы.
to be fond of / to be interested in
Model: I like classical music. I am fond of classical music. I am interested
in classical music.
1. Roger likes fi shing. 2. Do you like gardening? 3. Does your daughter like
reading? 4. My father doesn’t like travelling. 5. Do you like collecting coins?
can / to be good at
Model: Mike skates well. Mike can skate well. Mike is good at skating.
1. Robert plays chess very well. 2. Mary swims well. 3. Do you cook
well? 4. Do you ski well? 5. Does Peter know maths well?
10. Используя текст “About Myself”, скажите, верны ли следующие
утверждения; исправьте неверные утверждения.
1. Every person enjoys speaking about himself.
2. Maxim didn’t go to a kindergarten in his childhood.
24
3. Maxim’s favourite subjects were Mathematics and Physics.
4. Maxim is a fi rst-year student of the Power Engineering department.
5. Max is a player in the region football team.
6. He is fond of reading historical novels.
7. Maxim is an only child in his family.
8. Surgeon is a future medical specialty of Maxim’s elder brother Ivan.
9. Max has a favourite pet.
10. Maxim’s relatives often stay at his place during holidays.
11. Выберите из текста слова и словосочетания, которые описывают: а) внешность; б) характер.
12. Найдите в тексте и прочитайте предложения, в которых используются следующие слова. Поставьте вопросы к этим предложениям.
Dislikes, to introduce, kindergarten, fi rst-year student, course, forward,
competition, to chat, handsome, good-looking, to notice, to be fond of,
schoolgirl, holidays.
13. Ответьте на вопросы о Максиме.
1. How old is he?
2. What’s his occupation?
3. How long has Maxim been a university student?
4. Is it easy for him to study at university?
5. Does he have a family of his own?
6. What does he like doing in his free time?
7. What does his father look like?
8. Is he a good family man?
9. Where does Maxim’s mother work?
10. Is she a good-looking woman?
11. Is Maxim an only child?
12. Is he a happy person? Why (not)?
14. Расскажите о Максиме, используя следующий план:
a) his childhood;
b) his study;
c) his hobbies;
d) his father;
e) his mother;
f) his brother and sister;
g) his relatives.
25
15. Расскажите о себе, используя следующий план:
а) your childhood;
b) your family;
c) your studies;
d) your free time.
GRAMMAR
ВРЕМЕНА ГРУППЫ SIMPLE (INDEFINITE)
В ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНОМ И СТРАДАТЕЛЬНОМ
ЗАЛОГАХ
Времена группы Simple употребляются для обозначения обычного,
постоянного, регулярно повторяющегося действия или ряда последовательных действий, а также для обозначения действия как факта, которое
происходит в настоящем (Present Simple), происходило в прошедшем
(Past Simple), будет происходить в будущем (Future Simple) или в будущем по отношению к прошедшему (Future-in-the-Past):
Время
Present Действительный залог
26
Личные
местоимения
I, we, you, they
he, she, it
+ I ask. – Я спрашиваю (обычно,
часто). He asks.
? Do you ask? Does he ask?
– I do not (don’t) ask. He does not
(doesn’t) ask.
Страдательный залог
I
he, she, it
we, you, they
+ I am often asked. – Меня часто спра-
шивают.
? Is he asked?
– I am not asked.
Глагольная форма
Вспом. гл. Смысл. гл.
–V
–
V1 + -s / -es
asks, pays
am V
is
are
1
ask, pay
3
asked
paid
Случаи
употребления
Действие совершается обычно, ежедневно, вообще, часто,
редко и т. п., но не сейчас.
Действие совершается в мо-
*
мент речи, с глаголами, которые
не употребляются в Continuous
(to see, to hear, to recognize, to want,
to understand).
Будущее действие (употребляется вместо Future Simple в обстоятельственных придаточных
предложениях условия и времени, которые вводятся союзами if,
unless, until, till, before, as long as,
as soon as)
Время
Личные
местоимения
Глагольная форма
Вспом. гл. Смысл. гл.
Случаи
употребления
Past Действительный залог
I, he, she, it,
–V
we, you, they
+ I asked. – Я спрашивал (спросил).
? Did I ask?
– I did not ask.
Страдательный залог
I, he, she, it
we, you, they
was V
were
+ I was asked yesterday. – Меня
спросили вчера.
? Was he asked yesterday?
– I was not asked yesterday.
Future Действительный залог
I, we
shall /
will
he, she, it,
will
you, they
+ I shall (I’ll) ask. – Я спрошу (буду
спрашивать).
? Will you ask?
– I shall not ask.
asked
paid
asked
paid
V
ask
pay
Действие совершилось в про-
шлом, обычно с указанием про-
2
шедшего времени (last year /
month / week – в прошлом году,
ме сяце, неделе; 2 days ago – 2 дня
назад; yesterday – вчера).
Ряд прошедших действий, передаваемых в той последовательности, в которой они происходили
3
Когда речь идет о действии (однократном или повторяю щемся),
1
ко торое совершится в будущем (по
отношению к моменту речи)
Страдательный залог
I, we
he, she, it,
shall /will beV
asked
will be
paid
3
you, they
+ I shall be asked. – Меня спросят.
? Will you be asked?
– I shall not be asked.
27
Время
Futurein-thePast
Личные
местоимения
Действительный залог
I, we
he, she, it,
you, they
I said that I should ask. – Я сказал, что
спрошу.
Страдательный залог
I, we
he, she, it, you,
they
Глагольная форма
Вспом. гл. Смысл. гл.
should / would
would
should / would be V
would be
asked
paid
V
ask
pay
Случаи
употребления
Выражает будущее
действие по отношению
1
к прошедшему моменту.
Употребляется в придаточных пред ложениях,
когда сказуемое главного предложения стоит в
прошедшем времени
3
I said that I should (I’d) be asked. – Я
сказал, что меня спросят.
*
В третьем лице единственного числа, если слово оканчивается на буквы s, ss, x, sh,
ch, o, к глаголу добавляется окончание -es: do – does; teach – teaches; pass – passes.
Если слово оканчивается на y, которой предшествует согласный, то y меняется на i, а
к глаголу добавляется окончание -es: deny – denies; study – studies; try – tries.
Спряжение глагола to be
(Simple Tense in the Active Voice)
Местоимение Present Past Future Future-in-the-Past
I am
He, she, it is will be would be
We
You, they will be would be
are were
was
shall / will be should / would be
shall / will be should / would be
Спряжение глагола to have
(Simple Tense in the Active Voice)
Местоимение Present Past Future Future-in-the-Past
I have
He, she, it has will have would have
We
had
have
You, they will have would have
28
shall / will have should / would have
shall / will have should / would have
16. Соотнесите события, о которых идет речь ниже, сначала с будущим временем, затем с прошедшим. Поставьте к данным предложениям разные типы вопросов.
1. Doctor Smith often sleeps in his study. 2. One lives and learns. 3. She
always talks too much when she is nervous. 4. I quite understand what you
mean. 5. Squares have four sides. 6. A triangle has three sides and three right
angles. 7. My brother is a third-year student of mechanical engineering.
8. Does she speak English? 9. He doesn’t usually ring up early in the morning.
10. That old man is seventy-fi ve but he looks much younger.
17. Ответьте на следующие вопросы утвердительно или отрицательно в краткой и полной форме.
1. Did he write the letter? 2. Did he put his books in the bag? 3. Did the
cat go up the tree? 4. Did the boys see the sunrise? 5. Did they understand
the text? 6. Did you see my brother last week? 7. Did you go to the theatre
yesterday? 8. Did the students eat the soup in the university canteen? 9. Did
you play football last month? 10. Did Tom see the professor near the hostel?
18. Раскройте скобки, поставив глаголы в соответствующую временную форму.
1. The Browns … (to come back) next week. 2. I often … (to listen) to
the radio in the morning. 3. They … (to live) in Brest two years ago. 4. The
students’ canteen … (to be) very noisy and always full of hungry students.
5. A square … (to have) four equal parallel sides. 6. They usually … (to play)
chess on Saturday. 7. I … (to like) to watch TV every evening. 8. I … (to
go) to the exhibition next Sunday. 9. They … (to be) all technical students.
10. They … (to have) no English lessons yesterday.
19. Вставьте вместо пропусков подходящие по смыслу слова: to
boil, to close, to complete, to cost (2), to like, to meet, to open, to solve, to
speak, to study, to teach, to understand, to wash.
1. Margaret … four languages. 2. In Britain the bank usually … at 9.30 in
the morning. 3. The City Museum … at 5 o’clock in the evening. 4. Tina is a
teacher. She … math to young children. 5. My job is very interesting. I … a
lot of people. 6. Peter … his hair twice a week. 7. Food is expensive. It … a
lot of money. 8. Shoes are expensive. They … a lot of money. 9. Water … at
100 degrees Celsius. 10. Julia and I are good friends. I … her and she … me.
11. Andrew … a new programme yesterday. 12. The students … a calculating
machine at the laboratory class last month. 13. Julia … a complicated problem
at the lesson of math yesterday. 14. All the students … the basic concepts in
computers science.
29
20. Составьте словосочетания и предложения со следующими глаголами, употребив их в страдательном залоге временной группы
Simple в положительной, отрицательной и вопросительной формах.
To determine, to bring, to buy, to do, to send, to take, to teach, to tell, to
write.
21. Употребите глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в страдательном залоге.
1. She … (to visit) by her parents every day. 2. English … (to speak) in
many countries of the world. 3. Many new magazines … (to publish) in our
republic. 4. The meetings … (to hold) usually here. 5. At the yesterday’s
meeting the best students … (to reward) with diploma. 6. Unfortunately,
hundreds of rare animals … (to kill) every day. 7. The new school …
(to situate) in the centre of the city. 8. The modern hostel … (to built) next
year. 9. This theorem … (not to prove) yesterday. 10. The new petrol station
… (to open) next week.
22. Найдите в следующих предложениях глаголы в страдательном
залоге и определите их видовременную форму.
1. This article is often referred to. 2. Dmitri Mendeleev is remembered
as the outstanding scientist. 3. His pictures will be exhibited at the Picture
Gallery. 4. He doesn’t like to be laughed at. 5. We were told this story. 6. The
international exhibition of up-to-date devices will be held next month.
7. Water is heated and added to the mixture. 8. Our research was carried
out last year. 9. The telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell.
10. University laboratories are equipped with up-to-date devices.
23. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребив страдательный залог. Поставьте общие и специальные вопросы к данным
предложениям.
1. The teacher explained to us many important things. 2. We have just
fi nished our work. 3. The workers will build a new school in the village next
year. 4. They had eaten all the dinner before they fi nished the conversation.
5. Our friends are making special preparations. 6. This actor will play the
part of Hamlet. 7. The students have learnt a lot of new English words.
8. The guide proposed us to see this cathedral. 9. We gave our friend many
interesting books for his birthday. 10. They sent a telegram to him yesterday.
24. Опишите предметы, которые находятся в аудитории, употребляя временную группу Simple и используя данные слова.
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