- •§1. Оборот there is (there are)
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences and make them negative or interrogative:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •§ 2. Видо-временные формы глагола
- •1. Indefinite Forms
- •1. Make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense from these notes:
- •2. Open the brackets using the appropriate (Present or Past Indefinite) verb form:
- •4. Read the statements. Ask two questions based on the statement according to the pattern:
- •5. Put questions about the italicised words of the following sentences:
- •6. Turn the following into the Past or Future Indefinite tense. Make all the necessary changes:
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the Indefinite tenses:
- •10. Translate into English using Indefinite tenses:
- •2. Perfect Forms
- •1. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the italicized words:
- •4. Make up sentences from the following notes using Present Perfect.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite tense.
- •6. Open the brackets. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •7. Translate into English using Present Perfect where required.
- •8. Translate into English using the required tense forms.
- •9. Complete the letter, opening the brackets:
- •3. Continuous Forms
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the words in italics:
- •4. Use the contracted forms of verbs instead of full forms according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous tense:
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tense. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous tense. Explain the use of tense forms:
- •9. Translate into English using Continuous forms where required:
- •4. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Change the statements to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •2. Change the questions to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •3. Put the following into the Passive Voice, mentioning the agent where necessary:
- •4. Put the following into the Active Voice, supplying the agent if one was not mentioned:
- •5. Translate into English using the passive forms:
- •1. Use the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets:
- •2. Open the brackets using the verb in the active or in the passive voice:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •§ 3. Неличные формы глагола
- •1. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •1. Translate into Russian. Find the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •2. Fill each blank, choosing between infinitives with or without to:
- •3. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction:
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •1. Make up sentences from the table below. Follow the example.
- •2. Use the gerunds instead of the verbs in brackets and fill in the prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Insert the correct form of the Gerund:
- •4. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive). Translate into Russian:
- •6. Open the brackets choosing between a Gerund or an Infinitive:
- •7. Translate into English using gerunds or infinitives:
- •3. Причастие (The Participle)
- •1. Complete the sentences using Participle I or Participle II:
- •2. Translate into Russian. Find sentences with the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction:
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Give short answers:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •§ 5. Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)
- •1. Повествовательное предложение
- •2. Вопросительное предложение
- •3. Повелительное предложение
- •§ 6. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •1. Change the direct statements into indirect ones according to the patterns:
- •2. Make up sentences according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the following into indirect speech according to the pattern:
- •6. Put the following into direct speech with the appropriate changes. Mind the puctuation:
- •§ 7. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •1. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным нереального условия (Conditional Sentences)
- •2. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в других типах придаточных предложений
- •1. Open the brackets:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the correct forms of the verb:
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences according to the pattern:
- •6. Translate into English:
3. Continuous Forms
Времена группы Continuous употребляются для сообщения о действии (в настоящем, прошедшем или будущем), которое имеет, имело или будет иметь длительный характер; о таком действии, которое продолжалось, продолжается или будет продолжаться в тот период времени, о котором идет речь.
Present Continuous
Утвердительная фoрма |
|||
I |
am (I’m) |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
I am going/walking |
She He |
is (‘s) |
She is going/walking He is going/walking |
|
We You They |
are (‘re) |
We are going/walking You are going/walking They are going/walking |
|
Отрицательная форма |
|||
I |
am not |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Раrticiple I) |
I am not going/walking |
She He |
is not (isn’t) |
She is not going/walking He is not going/walking |
|
We You They |
are not (aren’t) |
We are not going/walking You are not going/walking They are not going/walking |
|
Вопросительная форма |
|||
Am |
I |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Раrticiple I) |
Am I going/walking? |
Is |
she he |
Is she going/walking? Is he going/walking? |
|
Are |
they |
Are we going/walking? Are you going/walking? Are they going/walking? |
|
Past Continuous
Утвердительная форма |
|||
I She He |
was |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
I was going/walking She was going/walking He was going/walking |
We You They |
were |
We were going/walking You were going/walking They were going/walking |
|
Отрицательная форма |
|||
I She He |
was not (wasn’t) |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
I was not going/walking She was not going/walking He was not going/walking |
We You They |
were not (weren’t) |
We were not going/walking You were not going/walking They were not going/walking |
|
Вопросительная фoрма |
|||
Was |
I she he |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
Was I going/walking? Was she going/walking? Was he going/walking? |
Were |
they |
Were we going/walking? Were you going/walking? Were they going/walking? |
|
Future Continuous
Утвердительная фoрма |
|||
I We |
will (‘ll)/shall be |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
I will/shall be going/walking We will/shall be going/walking |
She He You They |
will (‘ll) be |
She will be going/walking He will be going/walking You will be going/walking They will be going/walking |
|
Отрицательная форма |
|||
I We |
shall not be (shan’t be) |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
I will/’ll/shall not be going/walking We will/’ll/shall not be going/walking |
She He You They |
will not be (won’t be) |
She will not be going/walking He will not be going/walking You will not be going/walking They will not be going/walking |
|
Вопросительная фoрма |
|||
Shall |
I we |
Причастие настоящего времени смыслового глагола (Participle I) |
Shall I be going/walking? Shall we be going/walking? |
Will |
she he you they |
Will she be going/walking? Will he be going/walking? Will you be going/walking? Will they be going/walking? |
|
Употребление видо-временных форм Continuous
Present Continuous употребляется: |
|
а) Для выражения действия, происходящего в момент речи |
Someone is knocking at the door. Кто-то стучит в дверь. |
б) Для выражения действия, происходящего в более длительный период времени в настоящем, включая момент речи. Действие в течение этого времени может протекать с перерывами |
Не is writing a new novel. Сейчас он работает над новым романом (букв. пишет новый роман). |
в) Для выражения заранее намеченного будущего действия, в особенности с глаголами to leave, to fly, и др., а также с глаголами come, go, stay, do, have |
They are leaving/flying for Germany tomorrow Завтра они уезжают/улетают в Германию. We are having a party tonight. Сегодня вечером у нас будет вечеринка. |
г) Для выражения действия, постоянно повторяемого (обычно с always) |
She is always ringing and asking me silly questions. Она постоянно звонит и задает мне глупые вопросы. |
Past Continuous употребляется: |
|
а) Для выражения длительного незаконченного действия, имевшего место в определенный момент в прошлом. Указание времени может отсутствовать, однако подразумевается из контекста |
She was standing at the bus stop. I asked her what bus she was waiting for. Она стояла на автобусной остановке. Я спросил ее, какой автобус она ждала. |
б) Время действия может быть выражено обстоятельствами времени типа: all day long, all the time, from five to six o’clock и т.п. или другим действием, которое обычно бывает выражено глаголом в Past Indefinite в) Два длительных действия, совершавшихся одновременно, могут быть выражены формами Past Continuous. В этом случае они соединены союзом while. |
Who were you talking to on the telephone when I came in? С кем ты разговаривал по телефону, когда я вошел? Yesterday in the evening my father and I were playing chess while my sister and my mother were watching TV. Вчера вечером мы с отцом играли в шахматы, в то время как сестра и мать смотрели телевизор. |
Future Continuous употребляется: |
|
Для выражения действия, которое будет происходить в определенный момент в будущем. Действие это будет иметь незаконченный характер. Период времени, в течение которого действие будет совершаться, может быть выражен обстоятельствами времени (at six o’clock, at that moment, then и т.п.) или другим действием, которое выражено глаголом в Present Indefinite |
I shall be calling you tomorrow at five о’clock. Я буду звонить тебе завтра в 5 часов. I shall call for her at eight. - No, don’t, she will still be having breakfast then. Я зайду за ней в 8. - Нет, не нужно; в это время она еще будет завтракать. The children will be sleeping when you come home. Дети будут спать, когда ты придешь домой. |
Exercises