- •§1. Оборот there is (there are)
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences and make them negative or interrogative:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •§ 2. Видо-временные формы глагола
- •1. Indefinite Forms
- •1. Make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense from these notes:
- •2. Open the brackets using the appropriate (Present or Past Indefinite) verb form:
- •4. Read the statements. Ask two questions based on the statement according to the pattern:
- •5. Put questions about the italicised words of the following sentences:
- •6. Turn the following into the Past or Future Indefinite tense. Make all the necessary changes:
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the Indefinite tenses:
- •10. Translate into English using Indefinite tenses:
- •2. Perfect Forms
- •1. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the italicized words:
- •4. Make up sentences from the following notes using Present Perfect.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite tense.
- •6. Open the brackets. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •7. Translate into English using Present Perfect where required.
- •8. Translate into English using the required tense forms.
- •9. Complete the letter, opening the brackets:
- •3. Continuous Forms
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the words in italics:
- •4. Use the contracted forms of verbs instead of full forms according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous tense:
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tense. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous tense. Explain the use of tense forms:
- •9. Translate into English using Continuous forms where required:
- •4. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Change the statements to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •2. Change the questions to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •3. Put the following into the Passive Voice, mentioning the agent where necessary:
- •4. Put the following into the Active Voice, supplying the agent if one was not mentioned:
- •5. Translate into English using the passive forms:
- •1. Use the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets:
- •2. Open the brackets using the verb in the active or in the passive voice:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •§ 3. Неличные формы глагола
- •1. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •1. Translate into Russian. Find the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •2. Fill each blank, choosing between infinitives with or without to:
- •3. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction:
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •1. Make up sentences from the table below. Follow the example.
- •2. Use the gerunds instead of the verbs in brackets and fill in the prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Insert the correct form of the Gerund:
- •4. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive). Translate into Russian:
- •6. Open the brackets choosing between a Gerund or an Infinitive:
- •7. Translate into English using gerunds or infinitives:
- •3. Причастие (The Participle)
- •1. Complete the sentences using Participle I or Participle II:
- •2. Translate into Russian. Find sentences with the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction:
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Give short answers:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •§ 5. Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)
- •1. Повествовательное предложение
- •2. Вопросительное предложение
- •3. Повелительное предложение
- •§ 6. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •1. Change the direct statements into indirect ones according to the patterns:
- •2. Make up sentences according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the following into indirect speech according to the pattern:
- •6. Put the following into direct speech with the appropriate changes. Mind the puctuation:
- •§ 7. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •1. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным нереального условия (Conditional Sentences)
- •2. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в других типах придаточных предложений
- •1. Open the brackets:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the correct forms of the verb:
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences according to the pattern:
- •6. Translate into English:
КРАТКИЕ СВЕДЕНИЯ ПО ГРАММАТИКЕ АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА (с упражнениями)
§1. Оборот there is (there are)
Оборот there is (there are) употребляется, когда необходимо сообщить о наличии или отсутствии в каком-либо конкретном месте какого-либо предмета или лица, о котором ранее не упоминалось.
Утвердительная форма |
|||
There |
is was (were) will be have been (has been) had been |
Подлежащее a table books |
Обстоятельство места in the room on the table |
There is a table in the room.
В комнате есть стол.
There are books on the table.
На столе лежат (букв. есть) книги.
Вопросительная форма |
||||
Is Was (were) |
|
|
Подлежащее |
Обстоятельство места |
Will |
there |
be |
a table |
in the room? |
Have (has) Had |
|
been |
books |
on the table? |
Is there a table in the room?
В комнате есть стол?
Are there books on the table?
На столе лежат книги?
Отрицательная форма |
||||
There |
is was (were) will be have (has) been had been |
no |
Подлежащее table books |
Обстоятельство места in the room on the table |
There is no table in the room.
В комнате нет стола.
There are no books on the table.
На столе нет книг.
Оборот there is (are) часто употребляется с количественными словами:
many, a lot of (много) few (мало) |
much, a lot of (много) little (мало) |
a few (несколько) |
a little (немного) |
с исчисляемыми существительными |
с неисчисляемыми существительными |
с исчисляемыми существительными |
с неисчисляемыми существительными |
There are a few oranges in the fridge.
В холодильнике есть несколько апельсинов.
There is a little milk in the fridge. Enough for the coffee.
В холодильнике есть немного молока. Достаточно для кофе.
Exercises
1. Read and translate the following sentences and make them negative or interrogative:
1. There is a map here.
2. There is no blackboard in this room.
3. There are some pictures on the wall.
4. Are there any students in this room?
5. There are no notebooks on the table.
6. There are three windows and a door in my room.
7. Is there a piano there?
8. There is much air and light in that hall.
9. There are many trees in this park.
10. In his room there are some chairs, a table and a bed.
2. Insert little, a little, few, a few, much, many:
1. There are (мало) students in this classroоm now.
2. Just (несколько) students are present at the lecture.
3. (Многие) students are in the hall now.
4. They work (много) every day.
5. They like to chat (немного) when the lectures are over.
6. They study (много).
7. They study (много) subjects.
8. They work (немного) on their weekends.
9. They read (мало) English books.
10. There are (мало) students in the Institute now.