- •§1. Оборот there is (there are)
- •1. Read and translate the following sentences and make them negative or interrogative:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •4. Translate these sentences into Russian:
- •§ 2. Видо-временные формы глагола
- •1. Indefinite Forms
- •1. Make affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences in the Present Indefinite Tense from these notes:
- •2. Open the brackets using the appropriate (Present or Past Indefinite) verb form:
- •4. Read the statements. Ask two questions based on the statement according to the pattern:
- •5. Put questions about the italicised words of the following sentences:
- •6. Turn the following into the Past or Future Indefinite tense. Make all the necessary changes:
- •7. Fill in the blanks with one of the Indefinite tenses:
- •10. Translate into English using Indefinite tenses:
- •2. Perfect Forms
- •1. Make these sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the italicized words:
- •4. Make up sentences from the following notes using Present Perfect.
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect or the Past Indefinite tense.
- •6. Open the brackets. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •7. Translate into English using Present Perfect where required.
- •8. Translate into English using the required tense forms.
- •9. Complete the letter, opening the brackets:
- •3. Continuous Forms
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative:
- •2. Put questions about the words in italics:
- •4. Use the contracted forms of verbs instead of full forms according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present, Past or Future Continuous tense:
- •7. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Indefinite or the Present Continuous tense. Explain the use of the tense forms:
- •8. Put the verbs in brackets into the Past Indefinite or the Past Continuous tense. Explain the use of tense forms:
- •9. Translate into English using Continuous forms where required:
- •4. Страдательный залог (The Passive Voice)
- •1. Change the statements to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •2. Change the questions to the Passive Voice according to the pattern:
- •3. Put the following into the Passive Voice, mentioning the agent where necessary:
- •4. Put the following into the Active Voice, supplying the agent if one was not mentioned:
- •5. Translate into English using the passive forms:
- •1. Use the correct tense form of the verbs in brackets:
- •2. Open the brackets using the verb in the active or in the passive voice:
- •3. Translate into English:
- •§ 3. Неличные формы глагола
- •1. Инфинитив (The Infinitive)
- •1. Translate into Russian. Find the Complex Object and the Complex Subject.
- •2. Fill each blank, choosing between infinitives with or without to:
- •3. Replace the group of words in italics by an infinitive or an infinitive construction:
- •4. Translate into Russian:
- •2. Герундий (The Gerund)
- •1. Make up sentences from the table below. Follow the example.
- •2. Use the gerunds instead of the verbs in brackets and fill in the prepositions where necessary:
- •3. Insert the correct form of the Gerund:
- •4. Translate into English using the Gerund:
- •5. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form (gerund or infinitive). Translate into Russian:
- •6. Open the brackets choosing between a Gerund or an Infinitive:
- •7. Translate into English using gerunds or infinitives:
- •3. Причастие (The Participle)
- •1. Complete the sentences using Participle I or Participle II:
- •2. Translate into Russian. Find sentences with the Nominative Absolute Participial Construction:
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •§ 4. Модальные глаголы (Modal Verbs)
- •1. Make the sentences negative and interrogative. Give short answers:
- •8. Translate into English:
- •§ 5. Прямая и косвенная речь (Direct and Indirect Speech)
- •1. Повествовательное предложение
- •2. Вопросительное предложение
- •3. Повелительное предложение
- •§ 6. Согласование времен (The Sequence of Tenses)
- •1. Change the direct statements into indirect ones according to the patterns:
- •2. Make up sentences according to the pattern:
- •5. Put the following into indirect speech according to the pattern:
- •6. Put the following into direct speech with the appropriate changes. Mind the puctuation:
- •§ 7. Сослагательное наклонение (The Subjunctive Mood)
- •1. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным нереального условия (Conditional Sentences)
- •2. Употребление сослагательного наклонения в других типах придаточных предложений
- •1. Open the brackets:
- •2. Complete the sentences, using the correct forms of the verb:
- •3. Put questions to the following sentences according to the pattern:
- •6. Translate into English:
2. Герундий (The Gerund)
Герундий также является неличной формой глагола. Он образуется от основы инфинитива при помощи суффикса -ing и близок по значению к отглагольному имени существительному. Аналогичной формы в русском языке нет.
Формы герундия
Действительный залог |
Страдательный залог |
Indefinit Gerund |
|
Teaching dogs to seek for drugs requires patience. Обучение собак поискам наркотиков требует терпения. |
They insisted on being taught customs regulations. Они настаивали на том, чтобы их обучили таможенным правилам. |
Perfect Gerund |
|
I remember her having taught Business English. Я помню, что она преподавала деловой английский. |
I remember her having been taught Business English. Я помню, что ее обучали деловому английскому. |
Двойственный характер герундия
Свойства существительного |
Свойства глагола |
Герундий может быть: |
Герундий может: |
1. Подлежащим Advertising has its advantages and disadvantages. Рекламное дело имеет свои недостатки и преимущества. 2. Именной частью сказуемого Seeing is believing. Видеть значит верить. 3. Дополнением I don’t enjoy going to the dentist. Я не люблю ходить к дантисту. |
а) иметь прямое дополнение: Не enjoys teasing you. Ему нравится дразнить вас. б) определяться наречием Walking quickly is rather difficult. Ходить быстро довольно трудно. в) выражать формы времени и залога I heard of his having been appointed Managing Director of the company. Я слышал о том, что его назначили директором-распорядителем компании. Nobody likes being mocked at. Никто не любит, когда над ним насмехаются. |
Перед герундием может стоять: |
1. Предлог After reading this article you will give up smoking. Прочитав эту статью, ты бросишь курить. 2. Притяжательное местоимение Would you mind my opening window? Вы не возражаете, если я открою окно? 3. Существительное в притяжательном падеже She objected to her husband’s smoking at home. Она возражала против того, чтобы муж курил дома. |
Exercises
1. Make up sentences from the table below. Follow the example.
Example: Introducing the new line is going to be expensive.
suspend |
|
research project |
|
increase profits |
abandon |
the |
machinery |
is going to |
waste money |
finance |
|
development plan |
|
be difficult |
sell |
|
|
|
save money |
2. Use the gerunds instead of the verbs in brackets and fill in the prepositions where necessary:
1. Would you mind__(to wait) for a moment.
2. We couldn’t prevent them__(to turn to) another bank.
3. I look forward__(to hear) from you soon.
4. She insists__(to see) you personally, sir.
5. We are interested__(to buy) from you a lot of goods (партия товара).
6. Would you object__(to bring_ that report, Mrs Adams?