- •Contents
- •Передмова
- •Financial system
- •Finance and financial system
- •II. Vocabulary exercises
- •Revenue sources and revenue-sharing arrangements in Ukraine:
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs:
- •Vocabulary list:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •Communicative situations
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Budgetary policy
- •2. Read the text and name the facts from the text which are new to you: Treasury
- •3.Read the text and say what you know about the budget process in Ukraine:
- •III. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Fiscal management
- •Financial policy. Fiscal sphere
- •A. Dialogue
- •Vocabulary list:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •Communicative situations
- •2.Express your attitude to the following:
- •3.Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Financial Policy
- •A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Fiscal Policy in the uk
- •A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •A) Read and discuss the texts.
- •Write down five questions about each text.
- •A) Read and discuss the texts.
- •Say what you know about the use of multiyear budgeting and budget classification in Ukraine. Types of Budget Classification
- •A) Read the article quickly and underline the parts about the challenge the transition economies face and the constraints affecting the ability of the governments to meet the challenge.
- •I. Fill in each space with the appropriate words from a, b or c:
- •Taxation
- •What are taxes?
- •Column a
- •Tax system in Ukraine
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: Taxation in Ukraine
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •4. Make a short essay on the following:
- •A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •A) Supply prepositions where necessary.
- •What Is an Excise Duty?
- •Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form: Tax Reform in Developing Countries
- •Read the text below carefully and underline the parts of it giving basic ideas about the desired features of a tax system. Tax System Design
- •I. Mark the correct answers on the following questions:
- •II.Fill the tables:
- •III. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Central banking system
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: Banking system in Ukraine
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Credit Policy
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •3.A) Open the brackets, putting the verbs in the correct form.
- •The Bank of England
- •Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box. Sum up the text in 5-7 sentences. Present your summary in class.
- •Us Activities of Foreign Banking Organizations
- •A) Read and discuss the text.
- •Is Monetary Policy Needed?
- •A) Read and discuss the text.
- •Payment Systems
- •I. For each word or sentence choose the correct definition:
- •II.Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Banking system
- •Commercial banks
- •6To transact stock and share business – укладати угоди із цінними паперами
- •Column b
- •A. Dialogue
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3.Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •Make a short essay on the following:
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •2. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Bank Accounts
- •3.A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •The Nature of Banking
- •4. A) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form.
- •5.Look through the text and name the facts which are new to you.
- •Choose the word which best completes each sentence:
- •II.Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •International monetary system
- •International monetary institutions
- •A. Dialogue
- •Imf’s support for ukrainian reforms
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs:
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3. Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •International Monetary Fund
- •2.A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Your Partner ebrd
- •3. A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Imbalances pur World Bank – International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (ibrd)
- •Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •II. Fill the tables:
- •Foreign exchange market. Global financial markets
- •Trading in the foreign exchange market
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: cornerstone of the global financial market
- •Vocabulary
- •2.Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •Communicative situations
- •Global Financial Markets
- •2. A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •The Eurocurrency Market
- •3.Read the text quickly to find the types of most widely used swaps: Foreign Exchange Swaps
- •4. Read the text quickly to find answers to the following questions:
- •Foreign Exchange Options
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Financial markets. The stock market
- •Stock markets
- •A. Dialogue
- •The corporate securities market in ukraine
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out.
- •B. Communicative situations
- •2.A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Equity Market
- •3.A) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form.
- •4. A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box below.
- •The New York Stock Exchange
- •5. A) Read the text below quickly and name organizations involved in the issues.
- •The New Issue Market
- •I. Choose the correct answer:
- •II.Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •III.Fill the tables:
- •Financial markets. The bond market
- •Trading in the bond market
- •A. Dialogue
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3.Make up a dialogue on the following:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •You have an exam. The question is: “What is the difference between debt and equity market?”
- •Prepare a short talk on the following:
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •The Eurobond Market
- •2. A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •3. A) Read the text.
- •4. A) Look through the text below to say what types of securities are described in it.
- •Us Government Securities
- •I.Choose the correct answer:
- •II. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •III. Fill the tables:
- •Financial management
- •Financial function
- •Financial ratios
- •A. Dialogue
- •Ratio analysis
- •Vocabulary list:
- •Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •1. A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •A) Read the text.
- •Corporate Governance
- •3. Read the text and say how investment risks can be reduced:
- •Investment Management
- •4. A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Financial Capital
- •5. A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •I. For each word or sentence choose the correct definition:
- •II. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Accounting
- •Accounting principles and concepts
- •Book-keeping:
- •The double-entry bookkeeping:
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: accountancy in a free-market economy
- •Vocabulary list:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3. Speak about the work of public accountants, private accountants, and accountants who work for units of the government and non-for-profit firms. B. Communicative situations
- •1. A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •2. A) Read the text and single out the main facts and present them in a short review.
- •Read the text that follows to find the answers to the following questions:
- •Financial Statements And Their Elements
- •Balance sheet
- •Liabilities
- •Revenues
- •Expenses
- •Gains and losses
- •Choose the correct answer:
- •II. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •Auditing
- •Performing an audit
- •Audit strategy:
- •Audit risk:
- •A. Dialogue
- •1. Read and translate the dialogue in pairs: auditing in ukraine
- •Vocabulary:
- •2. Read the dialogue, translate the Ukrainian remarks into English and act it out:
- •3.Make up dialogues on the following:
- •B. Communicative situations
- •Discuss with your friends:
- •1. A) Read the texts and do the tasks that follow.
- •2.A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •Auditors’ Report
- •3.A) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct form.
- •Misuse of Public Funds
- •4.A) Supply the articles where necessary.
- •Fill in each space with the appropriate words from a, b or c:
- •II. Which is correct:
- •III. Match what statements are true and what are false. Results write to the table:
- •IV. Fill the tables:
- •Glossary
- •Phraseology of reports and speeches coherent and generalization phrases
- •Phrases that are used in admission expressions
- •Nouns: common and possessive case
- •Count and noncount nouns
- •Some common noncount nouns
- •Using nouns as modifiers
- •The indefenite aricle
- •The definite article
- •No article
- •Personal pronouns
- •Possessive pronouns
- •Reflexive pronouns
- •Indefinite pronouns
- •Quantitive pronouns
- •Demonstrative pronouns
- •Degrees of comparison of adectives and adverbs
- •Numerals
- •The functions of the verb «to be»
- •The functions of the verb «to have»
- •The functions of the verb «to do»
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Question words when
- •More questions with how
- •Modal verbs can; could to be able to
- •May; might
- •Must; be to; have to; have got to
- •Should; ought to
- •Will; would
- •Indefinite pronoun «one»
- •The pronouns «both, either and neither»
- •Senquence of tenses
- •The infinitive
- •The prepositional infinitive complex
- •The objective infinitivecomplex
- •The subjective infinitive complex
- •The participle
- •Complexes with the participle the objective participle complex
- •The subjective participle complex
- •The gerund. Forms and functions
- •The gerundal complex
- •Conditional sentenses
- •Irregular verbs
- •Reference list
Financial ratios
A financial ratio is a relationship between particular groups of assets or liabilities of an enterprise and corresponding totals of assets or liabilities, or between assets or liabilities and flows like turnover or revenue.
A leading example is the price/earnings ratio which is the ratio of the current quoted stock exchange price of an equity to the most recent declared dividend per share.
Another is the ratio of equity to debt finance (gearing ratio) within a company’s overall capital structure.
Financial ratios are used to give summary indications of the financial performance, prospects or strength of a company which help financial managers to make a comparison of a firm’s financial condition over time or in relation to other firms.
No single financial ratio can answer all questions analysts may have.
In fact, five different groups of rations have been developed:
liquidity ratios indicating a firm’s ability to meet short-term financial obligations;
activity ratios indicating how efficiently a firm is using its assets to generate sales;
financial leverage ratios indicating a firm’s capacity to meet short- and long-term obligations;
profitability rations measuring how effectively a firm’s management generates profits on sales, assets, and stockholders’ investments;
market-based ratios measuring the financial market’s evaluation of a company’s stock.
VOCABULARY LIST
financial management – управління фінансовою діяльністю, фінансовий менеджмент
finance function – організація фінансової діяльності
concern – справа, заклопотаність
maximize – довести до максимуму
common stocks – прості акції
acquisition – поглинання (компанії)
to be exposed to risks – бути схильним до ризику
management of fixed assets – управління основними засобами
working capital management –управління поточними активами
management of current assets – управління оборотними засобами
management of current liabilities – управління короткостроковими зобов’язаннями
cash management – управління грошовими операціями
receivables management – управління дебіторською заборгованістю
inventory management – управління запасами, матеріально-технічним оснащенням
capital structure – структура капіталу
long-term/short-term financing – довгострокове/короткострокове фінансування
assets – активи
financial statements – фінансова звітність
balance sheet – балансовий звіт
income statement – звіт про фінансові результати
liquid assets – ліквідні активи (засоби)
accounts receivable – рахунки дебіторів
notes/bills receivable – векселі до отримання
work in process – незавершене виробництво
liabilities – зобов’язання
accounting period – звітний період
mortgage – заставна
accounts payable – кредиторська заборгованість
bills/notes payable – векселя до сплати
accrued expenses – нараховані витрати
deferred income – прибутки майбутніх років/періодів
equity – акціонерний капітал
paid-up capital – сплачена частина акціонерного капіталу
retained earnings – нерозподілений прибуток
dividends – дивіденди
to plough back – перетворювати на капітал
net worth of the business – власний капітал фірми
fixed capital – основні фонди (засоби)
working capital – оборотний капітал (засоби, фонди)
chief financial officer – віце-президент корпорації по фінансам/фінансовий директор
controller – фінансист-контролер, що проводить аналіз господарської та обліково-фінансової діяльності
treasurer – казначей компанії
financial ratios – фінансові коефіцієнти/показники
price/earnings ratio – відношення ринкової ціни (акції) до чистого прибутку компанії (в розрахунку на одну акцію)
gearing ratio (debt-to-equity ratio) – відношення заборгованості до власного капіталу
indication – показник
analyst – економіст-аналітик
liquidity ratio – коефіцієнт ліквідності
financial leverage ratios – частка позичкових засобів в сукупному капіталі
II. VOCABULARY EXERCISES
Ex.1. Find equivalents:
activity ratio
secured loans
equity capital
investments
current assets
current liabilities
long-term liabilities
treasurer
fixed assets
merger
controller
acquisition
profitability ratio
a) інвестиції
b) придбання
c) об’єднання
d) скарбник
компанії
e) фінансист-контролер
f) власний
капітал
g) основні фонди
h) оборотні
фонди
i) коефіцієнт
активності
j) коефіцієнт
прибутковості
k) позика під
забезпечення
l) довготермінові
зобов’язання
m) короткотермінові
зобов’язання
Ex.2. Enter correct correspondences:
ENGLISH |
UKRAINIAN |
|
фінансовий менеджер |
|
акціонер |
income statement |
|
|
інвестування |
summary indication |
|
|
активи |
|
фінансова звітність |
particular investment |
|
|
балансовий звіт |
deferred income |
|
|
ліквідні засоби |
working capital management |
|
|
нерозподілений прибуток |
financial performance |
|
|
основний капітал |
|
оборотний капітал |
cash management |
|
|
фінансовий показник |
financial leverage ratio |
|
Ex.3. Find English equivalents for the following Ukrainian phrases:
управління фінансовою діяльністю; на вигідних умовах; ефективно використовувати фінансові засоби; придбавати активи; злиття та поглинання; дивідендна політика; бути схильним до ризику; управління основними засобами; управління поточними активами; управління оборотними засобами; управління короткостроковими зобов’язаннями; управління дебіторською заборгованістю; управління запасами; структура капіталу; фінансова звітність; балансовий звіт; звіт про фінансові результати; основні засоби; оборотні засоби; рахунки дебіторів; векселі до отримання; незавершене виробництво; заставна; кредиторська заборгованість; векселі до сплати; нараховані витрати; прибутки майбутніх років; сплачена частина акціонерного капіталу; нерозподілений прибуток; власний капітал; фінансові коефіцієнти; відношення ринкової ціни (акції) до чистого прибутку компанії; відношення заборгованості до власного капіталу; коефіцієнт ліквідності; коефіцієнти, що характеризують частку позичкових засобів у сукупному капіталі компанії; коефіцієнт прибутковості; прибуток від продажу.
Ex.4. Fill in the blanks with prepositions, pronouns or conjunctions if necessary:
The financial manager has to take decisions … reference … the objectives … the firm.
The position … an enterprise, its assets … capital are best illustrated … its financial statements .
The first major component … the balance sheet … an enterprise is its assets, … are the resources owned … the enterprise.
Fixed assets are assets purchased for use … the business … a permanent basis.
Investments represent investment … funds … the securities … another company, the purpose … which is either to earn a return or to control another company.
Liabilities … the enterprise represent the amount … the enterprise owes … other enterprises … the outside sources … the enterprise uses to finance its assets.
The owners’ equity is a part … the resources … a firm … are supplied … its owners – shareholders.
Capital is the store … accumulated wealth contributed … the firm … its proprietors – it is the net worth … the business … the owners.
The finance function … a firm is headed … a chief financial officer, … reports … the firm’s president.
A financial ratio is a relationship … particular groups … assets … liabilities … an enterprise … corresponding totals … assets … liabilities.
Financial ratios are used … give summary indications … the financial performance, prospects … strength … a company .
Ex.5. Complete the following sentences:
Major objective of the financial manager is … .
Financial managers are primarily concerned with … , they are responsible for … .
The position of an enterprise, its assets and capital are best illustrated by … .
Fixed assets are assets purchased for … .
Current assets are known as … .
Investments represent …of another company, the purpose of which is either to … .
Capital is the store of … contributed to … .
Fixed capital is … and working capital is … .
The chief financial officer … between the controller and the treasurer.
A financial ratio is … and corresponding totals of … .
Financial ratios are used …which help financial managers … .
Ex.6. Answer the following questions:
What financial concerns face every enterprise?
What for do modern businesses have financial managers?
What problems do finance managers face daily?
What does financial management involve?
What are financial managers concerned with?
What are the main financial statements?
What are the major components of a balance sheet?
What is the standard classification of assets?
What are the differences between fixed assets, current assets and investments?
What do the liabilities of the enterprise represent?
What is the owner’s equity?
How can you characterize the capital and its types?
How the finance function is most commonly organized?
What is a financial ratio?
What do financial ratios help to measure?
What groups of ratios have been developed?
Ex.7. Translate into English:
Вибір інвестування, яке буде прибутковим, — це одне із питань, що постають перед менеджерами щодня.
Фінансові менеджери головним чином мають справу з управлінням основними засобами та управлінням поточними активами.
Фінансові менеджери відповідальні за проектування структури капіталу, вибір довгострокових та короткострокових фінансових заходів.
Головними складовими фінансової звітності є балансовий звіт та звіт про фінансові результати.
Фонди підприємства поділяються на: основні фонди, поточні фонди, інвестиції та інші активи.
Інвестування – це вкладення капіталу у цінні папери іншої компанії з метою отримання прибутку або контролю над цією компанією.
Зобов’язання підприємства можуть бути довгостроковими, що підлягають оплаті після звітного періоду.
Акціонерний капітал може складатись з двох елементів – сплаченої частини акціонерного капіталу та нерозподіленого прибутку підприємства.
Організація фінансової діяльності покладена на віце-президента корпорації з фінансових питань, який є підзвітним президенту корпорації.
Фінансові коефіцієнти використовуються для отримання зведених показників фінансового стану підприємства.
Фінансові показники допомагають фінансовим менеджерам робити порівняння фінансового стану підприємства протягом певного періоду чи проводити аналіз відносин з іншими підприємствами.
Ex.8. Match each term in Column A with its definition in Column B:
Column A
Ratio
Treasurer
Manager
Cash ratio
Balance sheet
Management
Fixed asset
Current assets
Column B
the control or organization of people, a business, a department of
a firm, a project or a process;
a person who is employed to control, organize and direct part or
all of a business or organization;
a document that shows the totals of money received and money paid
out by a company and the difference between them;
the relation between two amounts determined by the number of times
one contains another;
amounts owed by a business to other organizations and individuals
that should be paid within one year from the balance-sheet date
the relationship between the amount of money a bank holds in cash
the total amount it holds in deposits and investments;
a person who keeps records of the money obtained or spent by an
organization, and who is responsible for investing any surplus;
an asset that is expected to be used for a considerable time in a
trade or business;
Ex 9. Write several paragraphs on the following using given words and word combinations:
financial managers:
to look after; to maximize the value; the shareholders’ wealth; to be represented by; market price; common stock;
questions that managers have to decide:
assets; to acquire; particular investment; profitable; to finance the investment; to maintain; equity capital; bank borrowing agreements; to offer a credit; inventory; to held; merger; acquisition; advisable; profits; to distribute; dividend policy; exchange rate variations; interest rate changes; risk; return; to balance;
the concerns of the financial managers:
fixed assets; capital management; current assets; current liabilities; cash management; inventory management; capital structure; long- and short-term financing techniques;
the structure of assets:
fixed assets
to be purchased for; a permanent basis;
current assets
short-term; liquid assets; to include; cash and marketable securities; accounts receivable; notes/bills receivable; inventory;
investments
to represent; funds; securities; a purpose; to earn a return; to control;
e) liabilities of the enterprise
amount; to owe; outside sources; long-term liabilities; current liabilities;
f) owner’s equity
resources; to supply; shareholder; elements; paid-up capital; retained earnings.
iii. ORAL Practice