Евангелие от матфея 6, 9-13 Молитва Господня

Отче наш,

Иже ecu на небесех! Да святится имя Твое; да приидет Царствие Твое; да будет воля Твоя, яко на небеса и на земли; хлеб наш насущный даждь нам. днесь; и остави нам долги наши, якоже и мы оставляем должником нашим; и не введи нас во искушение; но избави нас от лукавого. Яко Твое есть Царство и сила, и слава Отца и Сына и Святого Духа ныне и присно и во веки веков.

Аминь.

EXERCISE 7. Restore the omitted parts of the text.

CHURCH OF ENGLAND

[The name is used in reference to] the English branch of the (1)*** Church, rejecting the pope’s authority since the Reformation and having the monarch as its titular head and nominator of its bishops and archbishops. A (2)*** held at Whitby in 664 resolved the earlier conflict between the indigenous Celtic Church, dominated by missionaries from Ireland and Scotland, and the Roman customs, introduced by (3)*** mission (597), in favor of the latter.

The English Church remained part of the Western (4)*** Church until the 16th century, when, against a background of religious dissatisfaction and growing national self-awareness, (5)*** failed to obtain a divorce from Catherine of Aragon and subsequently repudiated papal supremacy, bringing the Church under the control of the (6)***.

Some of Henry’s advisers, notably Thomas Cromwell and Archbishop Cranmer, were deeply influenced by the (7)*** Reformation, and the influence of Continental Protestantism reached a peak in the reign of (8)***. The Church achieved its definitive form under Elizabeth I, when the Book of (9)*** became its service-book and thе Thirty-nine Articles its statement of doctrine.

The aim of the Church of England has been, while rejecting thе claims of (10) ***, to maintain its continuity with earlier tradition. [OEED]

CHURCH OF SCOTLAND

[This is the official name of] the national (1) *** Church of Scotland. At the Reformation the (2) *** party in Scotland, under John Knox, reformed the established Church and organized it on (3) *** lines (1560). During the next century there were repeated attempts by the (4) *** monarchs to impose episcopalianism, and the Church of Scotland was not finally established as (5) *** until 1690. Its statement of doctrine is the Westminster Confession (1643). Like many Protestant Churches it has a complicated history of (6) *** and reunification. [OEED]

EXERCISE 8. The Bible as the Source of Artistic Inspiration. For centuries Biblical subjects have been inspiring artists to create various pieces of art. On taking visitors to museums, guides have to refer to the respective story resorting to correct terminology. Restore the omitted parts of the text and then translate the text into Russian. State which part of the Bible was used by the painters.

THE BAPTISM

(c 1442) by Piero delta Francesca

Piero della Francesca was born and lived (1) большую часть своей жизни in the small town of Borgo San Sepolcro in Umbria. The Baptism is an early work and was created as part of an altarpiece for (2) небольшой монастырь of San Giovanni Battista in his native town. From the nave of the church (3) взор непременно привлекает the central figure of Christ, with the dove of the Holy Spirit above his head, and the scene framed by the rounded arch.

The calm and statuesque figures (4) купающиеся в ярком свете are set against a background of Umbrian valleys and hills, Piero’s own native landscape. The composition, although not sym­metrical, has (5) удивительно приятное чувство равновесия. Dominating it are the figures of Christ and John the Baptist, who (6) совершает помазание Христа with water from a shallow bowl. Their own heads, and John the Baptist’s outstretched arm, are outlined against the clear blue sky, and this device (7) успешно сосредоточивает внимание out attention on them both.

The scene is framed by the dark leaves of a tree, whose pale slim trunk repeats the vertical lines of the figures. To the left are three angels, and in the middle ground other people can be seen preparing for baptism. The winding river Jordan, transposed to Umbria, reflects the sky, the scenery and the background figures. The arrangement may look simple, even random, but in fact the distribution of the figures and the spaces between them is carefully calculated to create an atmosphere of stillness and tranquillity. (Famous Paintings, p. 21)

RUSSIAN PRAVOSLAVNAYA (‘ORTHODOX’) CHURCH

EXERCISE 9. Restore the omitted parts of the text.

THE OCTOBER REVOLUTION AND THE ERA OF ATHEISM

In the summer of 1917, soon after the February Revolution, the first (1)*** of the Russian Orthodox Church for two and a half centuries was held. It took place at the very heart of the old (2)***, in (3)*** in the Moscow Kremlin. It reestablished the (4)*** and chose Patriarch. The choice fell on Tikhon, newly elected metropolitan of Moscow (1865-1925).

The Church which he was called upon to lead was faced with unprecedented problems. With him began a new line of martyrs and confessors, for although the Church was suddenly (5)*** from the state the new establishment was to subject it to every kind of indignity and constraint.

The Bolshevik government decree of 23 January 1918 on the separation of Church and state and of schooling from the Chun affected all religious bodies, but none so obviously or so immediately as the formerly (6)*** Church of the Russian Empire. Now the Church found itself (7)*** even of the rights of a person at

The (8)*** of Church property (legitimized by the same decree) soon led to confrontation. The newly elected patriarch’s first encyclicals expressed a severity, which bordered on (9)*** (19 January and 7 November 1918). But his insistence that the new leaders acted ‘in a manner contrary to the conscience of the people’ could only serve to confirm the Bolsheviks in their resolve to mould that conscience in accordance with their own (10)***. An intensive (generally crude) anti-religious propaganda campaign was put into operation as soon as the (11)*** ended in 1922. There followed clashes, deaths and arrests. Among those to be tried and executed, in 1922, was the meek and popular (12)*** of Petrograd, Veniamin Kazansky.

The 1930s saw a drastic reduction in the number of churches, the dissolution of the monasteries, and the imprisonment of count­less (13)***. At the outbreak of war, hardly four bishops were at li­berty to exercise their pastoral role within the narrow limits permit­ted by the authorities. The war created an entirely new (14)***. (CamEnc 1994, abridged)

EXERCISE 10. Back-translate this tent into English using the words and phrases of the original text. Compare the original English text and its translation. Speak of the xenonyms of Russian culture.

starets (a Man of God who lived in poverty, asceticism and solitude, offering himself as a guide to other souls in moments of suf­fering and turmoil) <> strannik (a pilgrim who carried his poverty and his offerings of guidance in wanderings from place to place) <> to walk barefoot <> to claim powers of healing <> remote and sophisticated <> to be blessed with extraordinary powers <> an ob­ject of pilgrimages <> private confessor to <> a revered priest <> an impressive step <> apparent fervor о ranking churchman о a genuine starets <> to cause little comment <> impeccable <> a devout peasant <> the highest social circles <> humpbacked horse <> the evil witch Baba Yaga <> to suit one’s role <> to deepen the contrast <> polished figures of court and society