- •1. Look at the pictures. Which could be connected to the following aims? Discuss in pairs.
- •2. A. What do you think the most important factors in keeping healthy are?
- •3. Paraphrase the following quotations. Which do you agree with? Why? Discuss.
- •1. A. You will read a text about four great medical discoveries. Before you read, discuss the following with a partner.
- •Throughout history, key discoveries have changed the course of medical science. We look at four historic medical breakthroughs.
- •Penicillin
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •1. Explain the highlighted words in the passage.
- •2. Match the beginnings with the endings.
- •3. Match the English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •4. Discussion
- •Vocabulary and Speaking
- •1. Label the numbered parts of the body, using the words in the box. The numbers in black boxes are inside the body.
- •3. What part of your body do you use to do these things?
- •4. A. Say where each of the following body parts is located. Use a dictionary if necessary.
- •If you’re fit, you don’t need to exercise. If you aren’t fit, exercise is dangerous.
- •If your total score is:
- •Say No to Death
- •1. Define the statements as true or false.
- •2. Answer the questions.
- •3. Match the beginnings with the endings.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •4. Мatch the English word combinations with their Ukrainian equivalents.
- •5. Paraphrase the sentences using the word combinations from the previous exercise.
- •6. Translate into Ukrainian.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •1. Study the ‘case history’ below. Then write ten headlines for the President’s ten-day illness, from President taken ill to The nation holds its breath.
- •2. After all that, do you feel well enough to read on? Note the ways that illnesses can be spoken of and reported in the text below. Examination Fever
- •4. Without looking back at the previous two texts (Ex. 1,2), try to supply the missing word that completes these expressions. Translate them into Ukrainian:
- •5. This is a section on symptoms, possible diagnosis and remedies. These six exchanges between doctor and patient have been mixed up. Decide which response should follow which question.
- •6. Rearrange these six paragraphs in the same way.
- •Vocabulary Practise
- •1. What are your symptoms? Study the material that follows to enlarge your vocabulary.
- •2. What does the doctor prescribe?
- •3. Match the diseases with their symptoms.
- •4. Fill in the missing words in these sentences. Use words from the box.
- •5. Make collocations by matching words from two columns.
- •Health: illness and disease
- •Aches and pains
- •6. Fill in the gaps with a suitable word.
- •7. Translate the following phrasal verbs and verb-preposition collocations for health and illness.
- •8. Read the text below and find words in the text which mean the following.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Learn the following vocabulary.
- •11. Sort these everyday phrasal verbs and expressions connected with health and illness into two groups, depending on whether they have positive or negative meanings with regard to health.
- •12. Translate the sentences with minor ailments and ways of talking about minor problems.
- •13. Rewrite the underlined parts of these sentences using the active vocabulary.
- •1. What do you know about alternative medicine? Learn the new words and use them in the sentences of your own.
- •2. What do we call the type of alternative medicine which...
- •3. Read the text. Make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.
- •4. Match the words with their definitions.
- •5. Match the two columns to form meaningful word combinations.
- •6. Translate into English.
- •7. Translate these sentences into English.
- •8. Complete the sentences using the material of the text about acupuncture (ex.3)
- •9. Translate into English.
- •1. Look at the pictures. What is the text about?
- •2. Do you take any exercise? Why/Why not?
- •1. Qigong is perfect for those who
- •3. Fill in the correct word(s) from the list below. Use the words only once.
- •4. Which of the treatments and procedures below, relate to conventional and which to alternative medicine?
- •5. Match the medical people with what they might say...
- •6. Find the odd word out.
- •7. Fill in the correct word derived from the words in bold, then cover the text and talk about the two types of medicine.
- •8. Fill in the missing words related to medicine and health. The first letter is given to help you.
- •9. Underline the correct item.
- •A Visit to a Doctor
- •10. Read the text and describe your last visit to the dentist. At the dentist’s
- •11. Answer the questions.
- •12. Explain the meanings of the following words and word combinations in English and use them in situations of your own.
- •13. Translate into English.
- •14. Choose the right form.
- •15. Fill in the blanks with the words below. You may need to change the form оf the words. Each word can be used only once.
- •General Dental Practice
- •16. Give English equivalents for the following words and phrases.
- •Parts of the body
- •3. Choose the correct answer
- •4. Body. Match the Ukrainian names of the parts of the body with their English counterparts.
- •5. Body. Match the following parts of the body with the jumbled definitions on the right.
- •7. Body. Choose one of the four possibilities that best completes the sentence.
- •8. Body. Complete the sentences.
- •The Science of Life
- •A symbol of medicine, a triumph of simplicity
- •5. Read the article and answer the questions (1-7).
- •3. Match words from columns a and b to make collocations, then make sentences.
- •4. Match the sets of adjectives to the nouns to form collocations. Choose any 3 sets and make sentences.
- •5. Select two suitable words which can complete each sentence.
- •6. Study the pairs of words/phrases below and make sentences in order to show their difference in meaning.
- •1. Study the difference.
- •3. Give English equivalents for the following words.
- •4. Here is a list of injuries. Look them up in your dictionary to check the meaning and the pronunciation, and fill in the chart. Use your imagination to think of a cause for the injuries.
- •Diseases
- •5. Give the Ukrainian names of the following diseases.
- •6. Diseases. Choose the correct answer.
- •7. Read the article. Work in pairs and discuss the health problems people might have in the 21st century.
- •8. Find the appropriate word for the definitions.
- •9. Translate the following text into English. Україна – перша у Східній Європі за кількістю віл-інфікованих.
- •Doctors and specialists
- •1. Give Ukrainian equivalents for the following phrases.
- •2. Give the name of the people defined below.
- •3. Translate the article about the the world-famous Ukrainian surgeon, scientist and philosopher Mykola Amosov.
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets into the appropriate forms of the Verbals. Define their functions. What do you think of the new ailment? help me, doctor, I'm too wealthy
- •Are you ontop of the world?
- •6. Discuss the answers to the questions below.
- •7. Translate the following into English.
- •8. Match the words to form the meaningful word combinations.
- •9. Translate into English.
- •10. Choose the correct answer.
- •1. Read the article.
- •3. Explain the meaning of the words and word combinations in English and use them in the situations of your own.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •5. Transcribe the words.
- •6. Match the words to form the meaningful word combinations.
- •7. Read the text and discuss it using the active vocabulary.
- •8. Think ahead. Look at the title of the article and guess what the article runs about. Read the article through once to see if you have guessed correctly.
- •9. Answer the questions.
- •10. Find words or phrases in the text which have these meanings.
- •11. Match the words into collocations.
- •12. Choose a word from the box to match one of the definitions below.
- •13. Complete the sentences with the words from the previous exercise. Change the word forms if necessary.
- •14. Give the Ukrainian equivalents.
- •15. Give the English equivalents.
- •16. Explain the meaning of the following words and word combinations in English and make up your sentences with them.
- •17. Discuss the following.
- •18. Read the text. Make sure you study the language of the text to be competent in further exercises and discussions.
- •18. Answer the questions.
- •19. The text contains quite a few words whose pronunciation could pose difficulty. Transcribe the following words to avoid possible mispronunciation and miscommunication in future.
- •20. Match the words into collocations.
- •21. Explain the meaning of the following word combinations in English and make up your own sentences with them.
- •22. Find the words in the text which correspond to the given definitions.
- •23. Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word from the topical vocabulary, making any necessary changes.
- •24. Find synonyms or near synonyms for the following words, and make up your own sentences to explore their associations.
- •25. Explain the contextual meaning of the words in bold and translate the following sentences into Ukrainian.
- •26. Translate the text into English.
- •The Subjective – with – the Participle Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
10. Choose the correct answer.
1. The doctor asked me to ….. to the waist.
a) bare b) strip c) take off d) undress
2. The nurse put a ….. round Peter's bleeding knee.
a) bandage b) belt c) ribbon d) scarf
3. He had injured his arm badly and had to keep it in a … for several weeks.
a) cradle b) litter c) sling d) stretcher
4. When he finally ….. , he couldn't remember what had happened.
a) came round b) held back c) stood back d) wore off
5. The doctor told her that her temperature was ….. .
a) current b) familiar c) habitual d) normal
6. He is ….. dark glasses to protect his eyes from the sun.
a) bearing b) carrying c) fitting d) wearing
7. The ambulance men took the injured climber down the mountain on ….
a) a bedstead b) a cot c) a couch d) a stretcher
8. Although the patient's condition is serious, she seems to be out of ……
a) control b) danger c) order d) place
9. If he loses consciousness, give him a sip of brandy to bring him …. .
a) back b) over c) round d) up
10. With every ….. he took, he got more and more tired.
a) foot b) march c) step d) walk
11.My sister works in a home for the deaf and ….. .
a) dumb b) mute c) speechless d) voiceless
12. Make sure you ….. your food properly before you swallow it.
a) bite b) chew c) crunch d) eat
13. The fact is, doctor, I just cannot ….. this dreadful cough.
a) get down to b) get out of c) get rid of d) get round to
14. The doctor took his temperature and felt his ….. .
a) blood b) muscle c) pulse d) vein
15. While he was in hospital, his wound was ….. twice a day.
a) changed b) cured c) dressed d) healed
16. After a quick ….. at the patient the doctor rang for an ambulance.
a) gaze b) glance c) glimpse d) stare
17. Apply direct ….. on the wound to stop severe bleeding.
a) compression b) contraction c) pressure d) restriction
18. The man who was taken to hospital had been ….. for three hours.
a) indifferent b) insensitive c) unconscious d) unfeeling
19. The injured man was taken to hospital on ….. .
a) an ambulance b) a bed c) a sling d) a stretcher
HEALTH PROBLEMS
Smoking – is it really worth it?
1. Read the article.
Medical research has proved that smoking is a habit that can lead to severe illness or an early death.
Smoking can cause:
A) lung cancer or cancer of the mouth, voice box, stomach, gullet or bladder;
B) chronic bronchitis;
C) heart disease;
D) gastric or duodenal ulcers.
In addition to these hazards a mother who smokes during pregnancy runs the risk of having:
A) a natural abortion or miscarriage;
B) a still-birth /a baby who is born dead/;
C) a baby with a congenital heart disease;
D) a baby who is physically and mentally underdeveloped.
Cigarette smoking is dangerous to all age-groups. Surveys have proved that children and adolescents who smoke up to six cigarettes a week, suffer lung damage. They may:
have frequent coughs and colds;
have a poorer health record than non-smokers;
become breathless easily and unable to take vigorous exercise;
bring up PHLEGM /the thick, slimy matter secreted in the throat/ when they have a cold.
There are four harmful substances in the tobacco smoke inhaled by cigarette smokers.
Nicotine. This increases the blood pressure and pulse rate, and can cause unpleasant side effects, such as sickness, irritability and trembling. It also impairs or weakens the normal healing power of the stomach, and this can delay the healing of ulcers.
Carbon monoxide. This gas reduces the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood and can cause dizziness and headaches.
Carcinogens or tars. These substances can produce or accelerate a cancerous growth.
Irritants. These damage the bronchial or breathing tubes, and can cause “smoker’s cough”.
Did you know that …?
A “low tar” cigarette is less likely to cause severe illness or death than a “high” or “medium tar” cigarette.
The tar in a cigarette becomes concentrated towards the butt end. This means that smoking the last 2 cm of a cigarette is far more dangerous than smoking the whole of the rest of the cigarette.
Smoking is addictive. This means that a person can become dependent upon tobacco, associating the drug with pleasure and the relief of tension. Even a light smoker will find the habit difficult to break and will experience unpleasant “withdrawal” symptoms when he stops smoking.
Smoking severely restricts physical fitness and athletic performance. Have you wondered why you seldom see successful footballers, gymnasts, athletes etc. who smoke?
When someone smokes in an enclosed space, such as an office, car, public house or cinema, the concentration of carbon monoxide in the air increases. This is harmful to all the non-smokers present, as well as to the smokers. Does this seem right?
If parents smoke, there is a greater risk that their babies will die of pneumonia or develop bronchitis before they are one year old. This is probably due to the smoke-filled air in the home.
The risk of a smoker developing a severe illness or dying increases:
A) with the number of cigarettes smoked;
B) if smoking began at an early age;
C) if smoke is inhaled;
D) if half-smoked cigarettes are re-lit.
If a cigarette is kept in the lips between puffs, there is a greater chance of developing bronchitis.
Apart from the unpleasant effects of smoking, such as breathlessness, sickness, bad breath, stained fingers and “smoker’s cough”, there may be no obvious signs of the damage being done to the body. A person may continue to smoke heavily for many years before the onset of severe illness or death.
2. Discuss each of these points with your friends.
There are many factors which might tempt a young person to start smoking. Here are a few.
Smoking is considered to be a sign of maturity and toughness.
Smoking is thought to be a social habit which gives confidence.
A young person may resent being advised not to smoke and will start smoking as an act of defiance and rebellion against authority.
A young person is influenced by the attitudes and example of parents, relations, friends and teachers. If they smoke there is a desire to conform and copy their behaviour.
If cigarettes are readily available at home, there is a greater temptation to start smoking.
A young person may be tempted to smoke from a sense of curiosity.
Although a young person can be aware of the long-term damaging effects of smoking, the possibility of severe illness or death during middle-age seems too remote to be relevant or important. He may take the attitude that:
A) “nothing will happen to me”;
B) he can always stop smoking at a later date, before any real damage has been done. Will this be easy or possible?