3.Give definitions of the following words: biodiversity, community, biosphere, species, ecosystem

1.The portion of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life.

2.The combined differences of living things, generally classified in four broad categories.

3.A group of different populations.

4.An ecological community of various plants, animals, and other organisms, interacting with each other and with the nonliving resources in their environment, all functioning as a unit.

5.A group of similar and related organisms.

4.Match the following English words with their Ukrainian equivalents:

5.Translate word combinations into Ukranian.

1.the outer layer

2. several compartments 3.living matter

4.ensure thermal and climatic stability

5.the chemically unstable oxygen-rich atmosphere 6.terrestrial life

7.great quantities of elements

8.various dysfunctions related to human activity 9.multicellular organisms

10.smaller amounts

6.Complete the following sentences:

1.Ecology can be studied at …. .

2.The outer layer of the planet Earth can be divided into …. . 3.It is thought that life first developed in …. .

4.Terrestrial life developed …. .

5.The biosphere contains great quantities of … .

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6.American scientists simulated …. .

Grammar Issues to Be Revised

1.Nouns as attributes.

2.Past Simple.

1. Choose word combinations with the noun + noun attributive phrase. Translate the sentences into Ukranian.

1.Ecology is a broad discipline comprised of many sub-disciplines.

2.Landscape ecology examines processes and relationship across multiple ecosystems or very large geographic areas.

3.Ecology can also be sub-divided according to the species of interest into fields such as animal ecology, plant ecology, insect ecology, and so on.

4.The primary technique used for investigation is often used to subdivide the discipline into groups such as chemical ecology, genetic ecology, field ecology, statistical ecology, theoretical ecology, and so forth.

5.Multicellular organisms then appeared and colonized benthic zones. 6.Terrestrial life developed later, after the ozone layer protecting living beings from UV rays formed.

2.Give the forms of Past Indefinite of the given verbs.

To be, to keep, to reflect, to go out, to effect, to make, to have, to influence, to pollute, to catch, to cause, to protect, to use

3. Complete the following sentences using the given verbs . killed, simulated, used, warned, invented, took, thought, were

1.American scientists … the biosphere in a small-scale model, called Biosphere II.

2.Yesterday the television weather forecast ... everybody of "poor air quality".

3.The government of Germany …. very decisive and serious steps punishing those responsible for the pollution.

4.For many centuries the people who lived on our planet before us … that resources of the Earth … endless.

5.They …those resources without thinking about the generations that would come after them.

6.Our ancestors … animals .

7.They … machines and instruments that polluted the water, the air and the soil.

4. Underline the verbs in Past Indefinite and make the sentences negative.

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Model: Last month they estimated the quantity of pollution from the cans over a period of 2 weeks.

They did not estimate the quantity of pollution from the cars over a period of 2 weeks.

1.He wrote an article about environmental pollution in Ukraine yesterday.

2.Particularly bad smog lasted for several years.

3.We started discussing the topic "Air pollution" last class.

4.The teacher told us much interesting about our future profession yesterday.

5.They suggested running a competition for the most ecologically sound production technology.

6.This law stopped much of the pollution from factories.

5.Put in was/wasn't/were/weren't.

1.We didn't like our new office. It... very small and it... very clean.

2.Where ... you at 7 o'clock yesterday afternoon?

3.I ... really busy yesterday.

4.British cities ... the first to suffer this atmospheric condition.

5.The radioactive leak ... as disastrous as in Chornobyl in any of the cases.

6.In the 19th century the word «ecology» …. born, but the idea of environmental protection …. not clear yet.

6.Use the Past Simple instead of the infinitives in brackets.

1.Ernst Haeckel (to coin) the term oekologie in 1866.

2.It is thought that life first (to develop) in the hydrosphere, at shallow depths, in the photic zone.

3.Photosynthetic organisms gradually (to produce) the chemically unstable oxygen-rich atmosphere that characterizes our planet.

4.Where life (to originate)?

5.Terrestrial life (to develop) later, after the ozone layer protecting living beings from UV rays (to form).

6.When multicellular organisms ( to appeare and colonize) benthic zones?

7.Life (not /to originate) on the earth.

7.Make up the sentences using the table.

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1. American scientists simulated the biosphere in a small-scale model, called Biosphere II.

2.Grass provided food for millions of cattle and sheep.

3.Ernst Haeckel coined the term oekologie in 1866.

4.This law stopped much of the pollution from factories. 5.Multicellular organisms then appeared and colonized benthic zones.

6.He wrote a report about environmental pollution in Ukraine yesterday.

8. Ask questions to the selected words in sentences.

1.We started discussing the topic "Air pollution" last classes. 2.Grass provided food for millions of cattle and sheep. 3.Bacteria existed in air, water, soil etc.

4.Bacteria caused an outbreak of dangerous disease.

5.Only after 1870 veterinary education became a reality in the United States.

6.We enjoy wild animals and plants because they make the earth a more pleasant place to live.

7.Our ancestors thought that resources of the Earth were endless.

8.They used those resources without thinking about the generations that would come after them.

9.Our ancestors chopped down the forests, killed animals that lived there 10.Biology includes botany, zoology, microbiology and genetics.

9. Do the grammar test.

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