- •НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ БІОРЕСУРСІВ ТА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ
- •АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
- •Посібник
- •Навчальне видання
- •Укладач: РИТІКОВА ЛАРИСА ЛЕОНІДІВНА
- •CONTENTS
- •WHAT IS ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. Make the sentences negative.
- •DISCIPLINES OF ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •sometimes
- •nowadays
- •never
- •already
- •naturally
- •mainly
- •certainly
- •often
- •unfortunately
- •scientifically
- •recently
- •seldom
- •rather
- •somewhere
- •either
- •practically
- •particularly
- •since
- •AN ECOLOGIST IS …
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •HISTORY OF ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •1.The portion of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life.
- •2. The combined differences of living things, generally classified in four broad categories.
- •1.the outer layer
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •ECOSYSTEM
- •Notes on the text
- •Post-text exercises
- •to interact
- •поживна речовина
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •1. Modal verbs.
- •ENVIRONMENT AND ITS CHANGING
- •Notes on the text
- •THE MAIN PROCESSES IN ECOSYSTEMS
- •Notes on the text
- •10. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that decompose dead plants and animals.
- •1. Organisms (specifically, animals) that are not able to produce their own food and must eat other organisms.
- •A Сonsumers
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi ..... decompose dead plants and animals.
- •4. Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
- •4. Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
- •2. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi ..... decompose dead plants and animals.
- •POLLUTION
- •It is a complex and far reaching problem and includes:
- •land pollution: Land pollution can be caused by poor agricultural practices, pesticide use, mineral exploitation, industrial discharges and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes.
- •Notes on the text
- •2. Pollution effects have on human harmful can health.
- •2. Pollution can have harmful effects on …. .
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •Notes on the text
- •What do you know about radioactive contamination?
- •What problems can pollution bring?
- •7.Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •PRESERVATION OF NATURE
- •Notes on the text
- •3. Many species of animals and birds face extinction due to ...... .
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •B.:He (she) has read the journals too.
- •1. to look through the latest political events;
- •2. to be to the University;
- •3. to read the offer from the dean’s office;
- •4. to listen to the BBC English lessons;
- •5. to see a TV program about octopuses and snails.
- •B.:No, I haven’t. I have not read this journal yet.
- •1. to be to London;
- •2. to attend English classes;
- •3. to look through the latest biochemical papers;
- •4. to listen to this compact disk.
- •5. to watch this film
- •Example 3. (to go to Las Vegas)
- •2. Make up sentences using Present Perfect Tense.
- •ever – коли-небудь (питання)
- •3.Make up questions.
- •Exampe: A.Have you discussed the terms of the summer session with your dean yet?
- •B.We have already discussed the terms of the summer session with our dean, but we have not discussed the terms of our clinical practice yet.
- •4. Make up sentences using Past Perfect Tense.
- •before they sent their letter – до того, як вони надіслали свого листа
- •Example: He had translated the text by five o’clock.
- •(to translate the article, to learn to speak Spanish, to finish one’s work, to loose one’s textbook, to fulfill one’s plan, to look through the catalogue).
- •2.Our group had translated the article about preservation of nature by 6 o’clock.
- •UNIT 12
- •POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
- •Notes on the text
- •Notes on the text
- •When you only partially
- •7. Read and translate the following text:
- •HYDROGEN AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY
- •PROBLEMS OF THE PLANET
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. The Complex Sentences.
- •14. We'll go to the party if he ______ us.
- •Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
- •Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
- •Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
- •ACID RAINS
- •WHAT IS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
- •Text 9
- •Ecosystem as Landscape Building Block
- •An Agroecosystem Model
- •Text 10
- •FARMING AND NATURAL RESOURCES
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •ЧАСИ ГРУПИ PERFECT В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •ЧАСИ ГРУПИ PERFECT CONTINUOUS В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •ЗВЕДЕНА ТАБЛИЦЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКИХ ЧАСІВ
- •В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •І worked –
- •Я працював
- •CONTINUOUS
- •PERFECT
- •PASSIVE VOICE
- •ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН ДІЄСЛОВА
- •SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) PASSIVE TENSES
- •CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) PASSIVE TENSES
- •PERFECT PASSIVE TENSES
- •Tense
- •Affirmative
- •Interrogative
- •Negative
- •Головне речення
- •Підрядне речення
- •giving
- •being given
- •РЕЧЕННЯ. ТИПИ РЕЧЕНЬ
- •ПРИСУДОК (THE PREDICATE)
- •ДРУГОРЯДНІ ЧЛЕНИ РЕЧЕННЯ
- •(THE SECONDARY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE).
- •ДОДАТОК (THE OBJECT)
- •ОЗНАЧЕННЯ (THE ATTRIBUTE)
- •ОБСТАВИНИ (THE ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS)
- •ОСНОВНI ПРЕФIКСИ ТА ЇХ ЗНАЧЕННЯ
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Таблиця основних нестандартних (неправильних) дієслів
- •Drought. An extended period of unusually low rainfall.
- •Fauna .
- •Фауна.
- •Глобальне потепління.
- •Парникові гази.
- •Microclimate.
- •Озон. Форма кисню з трьох атомів кисню, який формує озоновий шар.
- •Збереження.
- •АНГЛО-УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ СЛОВНИК
- •СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
- •Навчальне видання
Grammar Issues to Be Revised
1. Adjectives and adverbs.
1.Complete the chart.
Adjectives |
Adverbs |
|
|
high |
- |
- |
considerably |
- |
exceptionally |
particular |
- |
|
especially |
notable |
- |
natural |
- |
- |
primarily |
|
|
main |
- |
productive |
- |
- |
well |
slow |
- |
bad |
- |
- |
quickly |
fast |
- |
2. Choose a correct answer to complete the sentence.
1. Recently/recent technology has allowed the discovery of the deep ocean vent communities.
2.Conditions are rather constant/ constantly in some tropical lands and seas.
3.All the factors mentioned are interrelated and none acts independent/ independently.
4.It smells bad/ badly and stings our eyes.
5.All we need to do is to open our eyes and act immediate/ immediately. 6. The greenhouse effect unquestionably real; it is the essential/ essentially for life on the Earth.
3. Make up new words using multi-.
national – multinational disciplinary –
cellular – purpose – vitamin – lateral – channel –
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4.Give the English equivalents of the following words.
sometimes |
з наукової точки зору |
nowadays |
головним чином |
never |
на жаль |
already |
звичайно |
naturally |
інколи |
mainly |
ніколи |
certainly |
рідко |
often |
нещодавно |
unfortunately |
десь, де-небудь |
scientifically |
досить |
recently |
вже |
seldom |
практично |
rather |
природньо |
somewhere |
також |
either |
на сьогоднішній день |
practically |
часто |
particularly |
відколи |
since |
особливо |
5.Complete the table with the following words.
noun |
verb |
adjective |
adverb |
|
|
|
|
animal |
confuse |
geological |
badly |
|
|
|
|
group, animal, geological, time, close, aquatic, relatives, timid, hide, escape, avoid, danger, match, confuse, shoot, crop, pests, fast, late, friendly, seldom, nowadays, effect, hard,elderly, rather, ecologist, good, badly, well, primarily, exist, reproduction, chemists, deep, recently, examine.
6.Complete the sentences using a few, few, a little, little.
1.I don't think I can do this work on my own. I need ___ help.
2.___Ukrainian ecologists visited Northern Ireland in 2009.
3.The snow was quite deep. There seemed to be___hope of completing the work on the fields.
4.___teenagers in the village could read before the revolution.
5.We only need ____ tractors to do this work.
6. They had _sheep, ___ goats and some hens & cocks. 7. Unfortunately, there were____ rains last summer.
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8.____ water made those flowers more beautiful.
9.In hot weather plants look fading. They need at least ___ water.
10.This village on the map is very small, but it has ___ big buildings. 11.Fanners work hard to earn ___ money.
12.There are ___ roads in the village, but they all are in a good condition. 13.In the evening after hard work farmers feel really tired. They need ____
energy to work on their own fields.
7. Translate words in brackets, using the words (few or a few).
1.During our last practice we have discussed (декілька) business matters.
2.I have (мало) German books. 3. There are (мало) plants in my native city.4. I have written (декілька) letters to my former schoolmates. 5. My brother has read (мало) English books this year. 6. We have (декілька) foreign students in our college. 7. There were very (мало) people there. 8 Many students were invited but (декілька) came. 9. He has (мало) friends.
8. Complete the sentences using much, many, a lot of.
1. I’ve got ______ spare time today. 2. There isn’t ______ snow on the ground. – No, the sun has melted it. 3. How ______ times did you have a shower yesterday? 4. There are ______flowers in the garden. – Yes, they are beautiful, aren’t they? 5. Have you got any money? – Yes, ______
6.Have you got any vegetables? - Yes, but ______ . 7. Can you lend me some money? – No, sorry –I haven’t got money with me. 8. We’ll have to hurry. The man was badly injured in the accident. He lost ______blood. 9. Don’t disturb me. I’ve got work to do. 10. We didn’t take ______
photographs when we were on holiday.
9. Complete the sentences using some, any, no:
1.Have you got … coffee? – No, I haven’t got …coffee.
2.Would you like … tea?
3.Don’t worry. I’ve got …free time. I’ll go shopping.
4.I’m going to buy … oranges.
5.There is … milk left in the fridge.
6.I’m afraid there is … tea left.
7.You can call me … time you like.
10. Complete the sentences using many, much, little, few, a little.
1.Are there … students in your group?
2.We didn’t spend … money when we were in Moscow.
3.He speaks … English.
4.They usually drink … tea.
5.I don’t know … people in my native town. I know … of them.
6.He is very busy today. He has … work to do.
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7.Did she take … photographs when you were on holidays in London?
8.You must be quick. You have … time.
9.Have you ever been to Canada? Yes, I have been there … times. 10.You should be very lucky. You have … problems.
11. Do the grammar test.
1.I make ___ money than my brother. |
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A |
fewer |
B |
less |
C |
the least. |
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2. Do you get ____ letters every week? |
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A |
much |
|
B |
little |
C |
many |
D |
a little |
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3.I am not as ___ at swimming as you are. |
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A |
good |
B |
well |
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4. I had ___ money, so I couldn't buy lunch. |
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A little |
B a little |
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5.I'd like to buy a pullover. How ____ is it? |
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A |
many |
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B |
much |
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6.Can you be _____ , please? |
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A |
quiet |
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B |
slowly |
C nicely |
D quietly |
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7.The've got ____ butter, but they haven't got ____ rolls. |
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A |
some / any |
B |
any / some |
C |
a / some |
D |
a / any |
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8. There aren't ____ cars in the garage, but there are ____ motorbikes. |
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A |
some / any |
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B |
any / any |
C |
any / some |
D |
some / some |
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9.Dad doesn’t spend _____ money on his clothes. |
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A |
much B |
a few |
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C |
few |
D |
many |
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10.'Have you got ____ free time?' |
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'No, I haven't got ____ .' |
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A |
a / any |
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B |
a / some |
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C |
any / some |
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D |
any / any |
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