- •НАЦІОНАЛЬНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ БІОРЕСУРСІВ ТА ПРИРОДОКОРИСТУВАННЯ УКРАЇНИ
- •АНГЛІЙСЬКА МОВА
- •Посібник
- •Навчальне видання
- •Укладач: РИТІКОВА ЛАРИСА ЛЕОНІДІВНА
- •CONTENTS
- •WHAT IS ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. Make the sentences negative.
- •DISCIPLINES OF ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •Adjectives
- •Adverbs
- •sometimes
- •nowadays
- •never
- •already
- •naturally
- •mainly
- •certainly
- •often
- •unfortunately
- •scientifically
- •recently
- •seldom
- •rather
- •somewhere
- •either
- •practically
- •particularly
- •since
- •AN ECOLOGIST IS …
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •HISTORY OF ECOLOGY
- •Notes on the text
- •1.The portion of the earth and its atmosphere in which living organisms exist or that is capable of supporting life.
- •2. The combined differences of living things, generally classified in four broad categories.
- •1.the outer layer
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •ECOSYSTEM
- •Notes on the text
- •Post-text exercises
- •to interact
- •поживна речовина
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •1. Modal verbs.
- •ENVIRONMENT AND ITS CHANGING
- •Notes on the text
- •THE MAIN PROCESSES IN ECOSYSTEMS
- •Notes on the text
- •10. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi that decompose dead plants and animals.
- •1. Organisms (specifically, animals) that are not able to produce their own food and must eat other organisms.
- •A Сonsumers
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi ..... decompose dead plants and animals.
- •4. Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
- •4. Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
- •2. Organisms such as bacteria and fungi ..... decompose dead plants and animals.
- •POLLUTION
- •It is a complex and far reaching problem and includes:
- •land pollution: Land pollution can be caused by poor agricultural practices, pesticide use, mineral exploitation, industrial discharges and indiscriminate disposal of urban wastes.
- •Notes on the text
- •2. Pollution effects have on human harmful can health.
- •2. Pollution can have harmful effects on …. .
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •Notes on the text
- •What do you know about radioactive contamination?
- •What problems can pollution bring?
- •7.Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •PRESERVATION OF NATURE
- •Notes on the text
- •3. Many species of animals and birds face extinction due to ...... .
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •B.:He (she) has read the journals too.
- •1. to look through the latest political events;
- •2. to be to the University;
- •3. to read the offer from the dean’s office;
- •4. to listen to the BBC English lessons;
- •5. to see a TV program about octopuses and snails.
- •B.:No, I haven’t. I have not read this journal yet.
- •1. to be to London;
- •2. to attend English classes;
- •3. to look through the latest biochemical papers;
- •4. to listen to this compact disk.
- •5. to watch this film
- •Example 3. (to go to Las Vegas)
- •2. Make up sentences using Present Perfect Tense.
- •ever – коли-небудь (питання)
- •3.Make up questions.
- •Exampe: A.Have you discussed the terms of the summer session with your dean yet?
- •B.We have already discussed the terms of the summer session with our dean, but we have not discussed the terms of our clinical practice yet.
- •4. Make up sentences using Past Perfect Tense.
- •before they sent their letter – до того, як вони надіслали свого листа
- •Example: He had translated the text by five o’clock.
- •(to translate the article, to learn to speak Spanish, to finish one’s work, to loose one’s textbook, to fulfill one’s plan, to look through the catalogue).
- •2.Our group had translated the article about preservation of nature by 6 o’clock.
- •UNIT 12
- •POLLUTION IN UKRAINE
- •Notes on the text
- •Notes on the text
- •When you only partially
- •7. Read and translate the following text:
- •HYDROGEN AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY
- •PROBLEMS OF THE PLANET
- •Notes on the text
- •Grammar Issues to Be Revised
- •2. The Complex Sentences.
- •14. We'll go to the party if he ______ us.
- •Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g. lakes, rivers, oceans, groundwater).
- •Water pollution affects plants and organisms living in these bodies of water; and, in almost all cases the effect is damaging either to individual species and populations, but also to the natural biological communities.
- •Water pollution occurs when pollutants are discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without adequate treatment to remove harmful compounds.
- •ACID RAINS
- •WHAT IS THE GREENHOUSE EFFECT?
- •Text 9
- •Ecosystem as Landscape Building Block
- •An Agroecosystem Model
- •Text 10
- •FARMING AND NATURAL RESOURCES
- •The Past Continuous Tense
- •ЧАСИ ГРУПИ PERFECT В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •ЧАСИ ГРУПИ PERFECT CONTINUOUS В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •ЗВЕДЕНА ТАБЛИЦЯ АНГЛІЙСЬКИХ ЧАСІВ
- •В АКТИВНОМУ СТАНІ
- •І worked –
- •Я працював
- •CONTINUOUS
- •PERFECT
- •PASSIVE VOICE
- •ПАСИВНИЙ СТАН ДІЄСЛОВА
- •SIMPLE (INDEFINITE) PASSIVE TENSES
- •CONTINUOUS (PROGRESSIVE) PASSIVE TENSES
- •PERFECT PASSIVE TENSES
- •Tense
- •Affirmative
- •Interrogative
- •Negative
- •Головне речення
- •Підрядне речення
- •giving
- •being given
- •РЕЧЕННЯ. ТИПИ РЕЧЕНЬ
- •ПРИСУДОК (THE PREDICATE)
- •ДРУГОРЯДНІ ЧЛЕНИ РЕЧЕННЯ
- •(THE SECONDARY PARTS OF THE SENTENCE).
- •ДОДАТОК (THE OBJECT)
- •ОЗНАЧЕННЯ (THE ATTRIBUTE)
- •ОБСТАВИНИ (THE ADVERBIAL MODIFIERS)
- •ОСНОВНI ПРЕФIКСИ ТА ЇХ ЗНАЧЕННЯ
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Значення
- •Таблиця основних нестандартних (неправильних) дієслів
- •Drought. An extended period of unusually low rainfall.
- •Fauna .
- •Фауна.
- •Глобальне потепління.
- •Парникові гази.
- •Microclimate.
- •Озон. Форма кисню з трьох атомів кисню, який формує озоновий шар.
- •Збереження.
- •АНГЛО-УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ СЛОВНИК
- •СПИСОК ЛІТЕРАТУРИ
- •Навчальне видання
4.I don't ride the bus to work every morning because it's always so crowded.
5.Sara didn't know that highway 57 was closed, so she didn't take an alternative route.
5.Camille couldn't finish unloading the truck because no one was there to help her.
3. Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
1.I am not an astronaut. If I (be) were an astronaut, I (take) would take my camera with me on the rocket ship next month.
2.That sounds like a good job offer. I (accept) _____ it if I (be) _____
you.
3.Don't throw aerosol cans into a fire. An aerosol can (explode) you
(throw) |
|
it into a fire. |
4.It is expensive to call across the ocean. However, if transoceanic telephone calls (be) _____cheap, I (call) ______my family every day and (talk) _____ for hours.
5.The teacher was absent today, so class was canceled. If she (be) _____
absent if again tomorrow, class (cancel)_______ tomorrow, too.
6.Sea water is salty. If the oceans (consist) _________ of fresh water,
there (be) _________ plenty of water to irrigate all of the deserts in the world to provide an abundant food supply for the entire population of the earth.
4.Open the brackets and put the proper form of verbs.
1.If the population of one animal (increase), there would not be enough food and water for all the animals.
2.As the oxygen in the atmosphere (increase), a layer of ozone was formed, life would be impossible without it on the surface of the Earth.
3.If fire (destroy) the vegetation in a region, there will be certain changes.
4.Plants die if you (not / water) them.
5.Today life on the Earth (be) is in danger: if man himself will destroy the equilibrium of ecosystem by pollution.
6.If the Sun (not be ) there would not be light, heat, energy of any kind. 7.If factories (stop) pouring chemicals into lakes and rivers, there (be) more clean water.
5.Read and translate these pairs of sentences. Compare them.
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1. If the population of one animal |
1.If the population of one animal |
|
|
increases, there is not enough food |
increased, there would not be |
|
and water for all the animals. |
enough food and water for all the |
|
|
animals. |
2. |
If fire destroys the vegetation in a |
2.If fire destroyed the vegetation |
|
region, there will be certain |
in a region, there would be certain |
|
changes. |
changes. |
3. |
First grass and some flowers will |
3.First grass and some flowers |
|
grow. |
would grow. |
4. |
Then insects will appear. |
4.Then insects would appear. |
5. The wind will blow the |
5.The wind would blow the |
|
|
seeds of small trees. |
seeds of small trees. |
6. |
These trees will grow and |
6.These trees would grow and |
|
birds and animals will appear. |
birds and animals would appear. |
7. Life is impossible without |
7.Life would be impossible without |
|
|
a layer of ozone. |
a layer of ozone. |
8.Without the Sun there is no light, |
8.Without the Sun there would be |
|
|
heat, no energy of any kind. |
no light, no heat, no energy of any |
|
|
kind. |
|
|
|
3. Make up sentences using conjunctions: when ,which, where, as, that
1.A gas without colour, ..... forms about four fifths of the air.
2.Organisms such as bacteria and fungi ..... decompose dead plants and animals.
3. The long-term process through ..... a population of organisms accumulats genetic changes that enable its members to successfully adapt to environmental conditions and to better exploit food resources.
4.Consider the evolution of the atmosphere: ..... life began there was no oxygen in the atmosphere.
5.It is a necessity for maintaining animal life and is the medium in .....
many animals live.
6. .... the oxygen in the atmosphere increased, a layer of ozone was formed, life would be impossible without it on the surface of the Earth.
7.Crops can grow and produce best in correct place ..... you know the microclimate of this or that part of the area.
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