3. Volume number and page number

After the closed parenthesis and comma, cite the volume number (if any) and page number(s) to which the reference is made. It is not necessary to add the abbreviations p or pp unless their absence would cause confusion. In the example below the number 3 refers to the volume and 15 to the page number.

Adolf Harnack, History of Dogma, trans. Neil Buchanan, 7 vols. (Boston: Little, Brown & Co., 1896-1905), 3:15.

3. Preparing notes on periodicals

When citing periodicals (journals, newspapers, etc.) the following information is given:

• Full name of author(s).

• Title in quotation marks.

• Name of periodical in italics.

• Volume and issue numbers.

• Date in parentheses followed by a colon (:)

• Page number(s)

Examples:

Sergei Averintsev, “Overcoming the Totalitarian Past,” Religion in Eastern Europe Volume XXIV, Number 3 (June 2004): 28.

Josef Smolik, “Comenius, a Man of Hope in a Time of Turmoil,” Christian History, Volume VI, Number 1 (1987): 17.

3. Subsequent references

After the first complete reference to a work, it is acceptable to abbreviate subsequent references. For example:

⁵⁵Thomas M. Raitt, A Theology of Exile (Philadelphia: Fortress, 1977), 177.

³Raitt, Exile, 177.

When the same work is referred to with no other intervening references, it is acceptable to use the Latin abbreviation ibid. (short for ibidem, “in the same place”) in place of the author’s name, title of the work, and as much of the succeeding material as is identical. For example:

²Ruth A. Tucker and Walter L. Liefeld, Daughters of the Church: Women and Ministry from New Testament Times to the Present (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1987), 408.

⁵⁶Ibid., 410.

More examples are given in Section 5.

3. Bibliography

A bibliography is a list of major works that relate to the topic of an article or book and to related topics. A note tells the reader exactly where a certain quote or piece of information may be found, while a bibliography informs the reader of other works of interest. If a work was merely quoted in the article, it usually does not need to be included in the bibliography unless it relates to the topic being discussed. For example, if an author quotes a dictionary or encyclopedia article, it does not necessarily mean that the dictionary or encyclopedia must be listed in the bibliography—the note is sufficient.

A bibliography is given at the end of the work. It is usually organized alphabetically according to the authors’ last name, but if many different kinds of sources (books, articles, films, paintings, archival materials) are consulted, it may be divided into sections according to the type of medium. Sources in different languages may be grouped together or not, according to the preference of the author.

3.1. Preparing a Bibliography

A bibliography is single-spaced with one blank line between entries. The first line of each entry is flush left, and any additional lines are indented five spaces (see examples below). The different items included in a bibliography are separated by periods, not commas, as in a note. In general, the information included in a bibliographic entry is the same as in footnotes and endnotes and occurs in the same order, but is organized somewhat differently.

• Full name of author(s) or editor(s) as it appears on the title page, alphabetized according to surname.

• Full title of the book or article, including subtitle.

• Full name of editor(s), translator(s), or compiler(s), if any.

• Edition, if other than the first.

• Number of volumes.

• Facts of publication: city (and state or province, if published in the U.S. or Canada and the city is not well known), publisher, and year of publication.

• Volume number (if any).

• Page number(s), if the work cited is part of a larger whole. For example, to cite a chapter of a book or an article from a journal, the beginning and ending pages of the section should be included in the reference. Otherwise, page numbers are not given in bibliographies.