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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5442_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
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- •Contents
- •List of contributors
- •Preface
- •Introduction
- •Materials and methods
- •Plants traditionally used in Colombia as antimicrobials
- •Xanthium strumarium L. (Asteraceae)
- •Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae)
- •Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae)
- •Austroeupatorium inulaefolium (Kunth) R.M.King & H.Rob. (Asteraceae)
- •Jacaranda caucana Pittier (Bignoniaceae)
- •Solanum nudum Dunal (Solanaceae)
- •Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae)
- •Biological evaluation as antimicrobials of plant extracts in Colombia
- •Antibacterial activity
- •Otholobium mexicanum (L.f.) J.W. Grimes. (Fabaceae)
- •Cucurbita moschata Duchesne (Cucurbitaceae)
- •Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf (Poaceae)
- •Conobea scoparioides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth (Scrophulariaceae)
- •Rosmarinus officinalis Govaerts. (Lamiaceae)
- •Antiparasitic activity
- •Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogn. (Melastomataceae)
- •Annona purpurea Dunal (Annonaceae)
- •Guatteria amplifolia Triana & Planch. (Annonaceae)
- •Annona muricata Linn. (Annonaceae)
- •Austroeupatorium inulifolium (Kunth) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Compositae)
- •Campnosperma panamense Standl. (Anacardiaceae)
- •Huberodendron patinoi Cuatrec. (Bombacaceae)
- •Swinglea glutinosa Merr (Rutaceae)
- •Antiviral activity
- •Annona sp. (Annonaceae)
- •Byrsonima verbascifolia L. DC (Malpighiaceae)
- •Vismia macrophylla Kunth. (Clusiaceae)
- •Mammea americana L. (Calophyllaceae)
- •Maclura tinctoria L. D.Don ex Steud. (Moraceae)
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •Lebanese plants with antimicrobial activity
- •Amaryllidaceae
- •Allium cepa/Allium sativum
- •Anacardiaceae
- •Pistacia species
- •Apiaceae
- •Prangos asperula
- •Asteraceae/Compositae
- •Matricaria species
- •Berberidaceae
- •Berberis libanotica
- •Cannabaceae
- •Humulus lupulus
- •Cistaceae
- •Cistus species
- •Conifers
- •Lamiaceae
- •Phlomis species
- •Cyclotrichium species
- •Salvia species
- •Rosmarinus officinalis
- •Thymol/carvacrol rich species
- •Za’atar plants: Satureja thymbra; Origanum syriacum
- •Different Lamiaceae genera
- •Thymbra spicata
- •Myrtaceae
- •Eucalyptus species
- •Portulacaceae
- •Portulaca oleracea
- •Ranunculaceae
- •Clematis vitalba
- •Nigella sativa
- •Rutaceae
- •Ruta species
- •Rosaceae
- •Rosa damascena
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Medicinal plants with antimicrobial properties
- •Amaryllidaceae
- •Allium sativum L.
- •Picea abies (L.) H.Karst.
- •Rosaceae
- •Agrimonia eupatoria L.
- •Prunus spinosa L.
- •Rosa canina L.
- •Rubus fruticosus L.
- •Urticaceae
- •Urtica dioica L.
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •Apiaceae
- •Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss
- •Asteraceae
- •Achillea millefolium L.
- •Artemisia absinthium L.
- •Calendula officinalis L.
- •Matricaria chamomilla L.
- •Betulaceae
- •Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.
- •Lamiaceae
- •Lavandula angustifolia Mill.
- •Mentha longifolia (L.) L.
- •Mentha x piperita L.
- •Ocimum basilicum L.
- •Origanum vulgare L.
- •Malvaceae
- •Althaea officinalis L.
- •Malva sylvestris L.
- •Pinaceae
- •Larix decidua Mill.
- •Introduction
- •Pathophysiology of wound healing
- •Wound infection
- •Currently available treatments and products
- •Topical creams
- •Transdermal drug delivery systems
- •Bacteria associated with infections of dermal wounds
- •Bacillus subtilis
- •Staphylococcus aureus
- •Staphylococcus epidermidis
- •Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- •Aloe barberae Dyer
- •Traditional usage
- •Aloe excelsa Berger
- •Traditional usage
- •Aloe ferox Miller
- •Traditional usage
- •Elephantorrhiza elephantina (Burch.) Skeel
- •Traditional usage
- •Erythrina lysistemon Hutch
- •Traditional usage
- •Galenia africana L
- •Traditional usage
- •Grewia occidentalis L
- •Traditional usage
- •Melianthus comosus Vahl.
- •Traditional usage
- •Traditional usage
- •Polystichum pungens (Kaulf.) C. Presl
- •Traditional usage
- •Sutherlandia frutescens (L.) R.Br.
- •Traditional usage
- •Urtica urens L.
- •Traditional usage
- •Aloe species
- •Elephantorrhiza elephantina
- •Erythrina lysistemon
- •Galenia africana
- •Melianthus comosus
- •Plectranthus fruticosus
- •Sutherlandia frutescens
- •Discussion
- •Conclusion
- •Index
- •Glossary
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Background on gonorrhea
- •The causal agent: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- •Pathogenesis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and evasion of host immune system
- •Evasion of host immune system via nutrition immunity
- •Coinfections of Neisseria gonorrhoeae
- •Status of available treatments for gonorrhea
- •Aloe ferox
- •Cassia abbreviata
- •Combretum molle
- •Elaeodendron transvaalense
- •Hypoxis hemerocallidea
- •Peltophorum africanum
- •Tabernaemontana elegans
- •Terminalia sericea
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Antibacterial properties of different medicinal plants from Pakistan
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Traditional medicine for diarrheal diseases in the Mekong Basin
- •The role of traditional medicine in the management of diarrhea
- •The cultural belief system of people living in the Mekong area
- •Pharmacological validation of plants used for diarrhea
- •Models assessing the effect of plants on the signs and symptoms of diarrhea
- •Antidiarrheal effect
- •Spasmolytic activity
- •Models assessing the antimotility and antisecretory activities
- •Antimotility activity
- •Antisecretory activity
- •Models assessing the antiinfective properties
- •Antibacterial activity
- •Antiviral and antiparasitic activity
- •Other models
- •Medicinal plants used for diarrhea in the lower Mekong basin
- •Literature search methodology
- •Overview of the dataset
- •Discussion of some selected plant species
- •Psidium guajava
- •Chromolaena odorata
- •Alstonia scholaris
- •Allium sativum
- •Centella asiatica
- •Punica granatum
- •Caesalpinia sappan
- •Mangifera indica
- •Holarrhena pubescens
- •Oroxylum indicum
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Traditional use of medicinal plants in West Africa
- •In vitro antimalarial evaluation of plant extracts
- •In vivo antimalarial evaluation of plant extracts
- •In vitro and in vivo evaluation of antimalarial compounds
- •The case of Artemisia in West Africa
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Significance of quorum quenching research
- •Current state of quorum quenching research
- •Quorum sensing versus quorum quenching
- •Biofilms
- •Background on biofilms
- •Biofilms and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- •Virulence factors
- •Background on virulence factors
- •Virulence factors and Mycobacterium tuberculosis
- •Medicinal plants as quorum quenching agents
- •Medicinal plants and mycobacterial quorum quenching
- •Phytochemicals used in bacterial quorum quenching
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Plants as sources of antiinfective agents
- •Bioassay-guided fractionation
- •Metabolomics
- •Methods of detection
- •Data analysis
- •Biochemometrics
- •Metabolomics-driven antiinfective discovery from plants
- •Challenges and future directions
- •Metabolome coverage
- •Annotation/identification
- •Synergy
- •Conclusions
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Taxonomy and DNA barcoding
- •Infectious diseases and antiinfective plants
- •Herbal products, commercialization, and quality issues of antiinfective plants
- •Advancements in quality control methods
- •Materials and methods
- •Results and discussion
- •Embelia ribes—anthelmintic plant
- •Swertia chirayita—antiviral plant
- •Picrorhiza kurroa—antiviral plant
- •Paris polyphylla—anthelmintic plant
- •Saussurea costus—anthelminthic/antiparasitic plant
- •Syzygium aromaticum—antimicrobial plant
- •Andrographis paniculata—antimicrobial plant
- •Future perspectives
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Current situation of microbial infections
- •Microbial natural products as sources of new drugs
- •Endophytic fungi
- •Antimicrobial compounds from endophytic fungi
- •Antibacterial compounds
- •Alkaloids
- •Pyrazin-2-one
- •Piperine
- •Pyrrocidines
- •Bisindoles
- •Peptides
- •Dipeptides
- •Polypeptides
- •Polyketides
- •Chromones
- •Quinones
- •Xanthones
- •Benzofurans
- •Octaketides
- •Benzophenones
- •Terpenoids
- •Antivirulence compounds
- •Antiparasitic compounds
- •Antileishmanial compounds
- •Polyketides
- •Polyketide-alkaloids
- •Terpenoids
- •Antiplasmodial
- •Alkaloids
- •Polyketides
- •Polyketide-alkaloid
- •Polypeptides
- •Terpenoids
- •Antitrypanosomal/antiplasmodial/antileishmanial compounds
- •Polyketides
- •Polypeptides
- •Discussion and conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Dengue disease
- •Conventional treatment
- •Medicinal plants
- •Introduction
- •Psidium guajava: a potential antidengue medicinal plant
- •A metabolomic approach in antiviral compound identification
- •Objectives
- •Results
- •UHPLC-HRMS-based metabolomics approach
- •Antidengue activity
- •Identification of putative antidengue compounds
- •Antidengue assay of pure authentic standards
- •Discussion
- •Materials and methods
- •Plant collection
- •Leaf extraction
- •Cells and virus
- •Extracts preparation
- •Cell viability assay
- •Virus infection
- •UHPLC-HRMS profiling
- •Data processing
- •Statistical analysis
- •Identification of significant features
- •References
- •Introduction
- •Brief history of Arabic medicine
- •Principles of Arab medicine: theoretical aspects
- •Cutaneous infections and medications
- •Plants and metals useful for skin diseases
- •Toxicity of metals
- •Elementary metal particle
- •Organometallic molecule
- •Metal nanoparticles
- •Conclusion
- •References
- •Introduction
- •General information on improved traditional medicines
- •Definition
- •Regulatory framework
- •Categories of improved traditional medicines
- •Marketing authorization files for ITMs in Mali

TABLE 6.1 (Continued)
Species
number Botanical name
Common
name Family Plant part Solvent used Concentration Bacterial strain
Zone of inhibition
(mm) References
17. Calotropis
procera (Aiton)
Dryand.
Auricula tree,
Dead sea
apple
Apocynaceae Leaf Methanol 10 μg Proteus mirabilis/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/Bacillus
cereus
17 6 2/19 6 2/16 6 2
Bilal et al.
(2020)
18. Cannabis sativa
L.
Marijuana,
Hemp, or
Gallow grass
Cannabaceae Leaf n-hexane 100 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Bacillus cereus/
Escherichia coli
15 6 0.5/11 6 0.2/
10 6 0.3
Nasrullah,
Rahman,
Ikram,
Nisar, and
Khan (2012)
Methanol 50 mg/mL Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/
Salmonella Typhi
11.4 6 0.2/14 6 0.2
19. Cannabis sativa
L.
Marijuana,
Hemp, or
Gallow grass
Cannabaceae Leaf Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 23.3 6 0.5
Hazrat,
Nisar, and
Zaman
(2013)
20. Carissa carandas
L.
Kerenda Apocynaceae Fruit Ethanol 5 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
4.50 6 0.4082 Naqvi,
Azhar,
Jabeen, and
Hasan
(2012)
21. Carissa spinarum
L.
Granda Apocynaceae Leaf Crude 20 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Salmonella setubal/
Staphylococcus
aureus/
Pseudomonas
pickettii
10.2 6 0.07/NA/
NA/NA/NA
Bibi et al.
(2011)
Aqueous NA/NA/NA/NA/
NA
Hexane NA/NA/NA/NA/
NA
Chloroform 11.3 6 0.03/NA/
NA/10.2 6 0.05/NA
Ethyl acetate 12.3 6 0.04/NA/
NA/NA/NA
Methanol NA/NA/NA/NA/
NA

22. Cerastium
glomeratum
Thuill.
Clammy
chickweed,
Sticky mouse-
ear chickweed
Caryophyllaceae Whole plant Aqueous 20 mg/mL Escherichia coli/
Staphylococcus
aureus
26.03 6 0.1/
28.06 6 0.02
Ullah et al.
(2020)
n-hexane 86 0/8 6 0
Dichloromethane
(DCM)
10 6 0/10 6 0
Ethyl acetate 8 6 0/8 6 0
23. Cichorium
intybus L.
Chicory, Kasni Asteraceae Whole plant Aqueous 250 g/L Escherichia coli/
Staphylococcus
aureus
13 6 0.3/16 6 0.5
Rahimullah
et al. (2019)
Ethanol 10 6 0.5/11 6 0.5
Chloroform 10 6 0.5/11 6 0.5
Hexane 11 6 0.5/14 6 0.5
24. Cordia latifolia
Roxb.
Latifolia,
Sebestan, Bara
lasura
Boraginaceae Flower and fruit Methanol 15 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
2.53
Walter et al.
(2011)
25. Coriandrum
sativum L.
Coriander,
dhania
Apiaceae Fruit Ethanol Bacillus cereus/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
NA
Khan et al.
(2013)
26. Cucumis sativus
L.
Cucumber Cucurbitaceae Seed Ethanol Bacillus cereus/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
NA
Khan et al.
(2013)
27. Curcuma longa
L.
Common
turmeric
Zingiberaceae Ethanol Staphylococcus
aureus
10 Khattak
et al. (2005)
28. Alpinia galanga
(L.) Willd.
Haldi Zingiberaceae Ethanol Staphylococcus
aureus
10 Khattak
et al. (2005)
29. Datura innoxia
Mill.
Pricklyburr or
recurved
thorn-apple
Solanaceae Leaf/seed/stem/
root
Methanol 10 μL Escherichia coli 24/21/21/23
Hussain
et al. (2016)
(Continued)

TABLE 6.1 (Continued)
Species
number Botanical name
Common
name Family Plant part Solvent used Concentration Bacterial strain
Zone of inhibition
(mm) References
30. Debregeasia
saeneb (Forssk.)
Hepper & J.R.I.
Wood
Chewr, Ajlai Urticaceae Stem Crude 20 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Salmonella setubal/
Staphylococcus
aureus/
Pseudomonas
pickettii
14 6 0.03/NA/NA/
NA/13.2 6 0.05
Bibi et al.
(2011)
Aqueous NA/NA/NA/
11.6 6 0.08/NA
Hexane NA/NA/NA/NA/
NA
Chloroform 14.1 6 0.12/
15.1 6 0.14/
13.3 6 0.09/
12.1 6 0.21/
17.2 6 0.07
Ethyl acetate 13.7 6 0.11/NA/
NA/12.3 6 0.13/
13.7 6 0.01
Methanol NA/NA/NA/NA/
NA
31. Diospyros kaki L.
f.
Kaki, Japanese
persimmon, or
Oriental
persimmon
Ebenaceae Bark Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 27.8 6 0.5
Hazrat et al.
(2013)
32. Dodonaea viscosa
(L.) Jacq.
Sand olive,
hopbush
Sapindaceae Aerial part Crude ethanol 3.2 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus/Micrococcus
luteus/Bacillus
subtilis/Bacillus
cereus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/
Salmonella Typhi
12.0 6 0.3/
12.9 6 0.2/
13.3 6 0.2/0/
11.0 6 0.2/
12.4 6 0.4/0
Khurram
et al. (2009)
33. Dodonaea viscosa
(L.) Jacq.
Broad leaf
hopbush,
candlewood,
or giant
hopbush
Sapindaceae Leaf Methanol n-
hexane
100 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/P.
aeruginosa/B.
cereus/Escherichia
coli/S. Typhi
10 6 0.4/17.3 6 0.1/
13.2 6 0.1/18 6 0.1/
15 6 0.2
Nasrullah
et al. (2012)

34. Dodonaea viscosa
(L.) Jacq.
Broad leaf
hopbush,
candlewood,
or giant
hopbush
Sapindaceae Leaf Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 18.6 6 1.1
Hazrat et al.
(2013)
35. Ephedra
gerardiana Wall.
ex Stapf
Jointfir, Soma
kalpa
Ephedraceae Whole plant Methanol 15 mg/mL Escherichia coli 2.57
Walter et al.
(2011)
36. Eucalyptus
globulus Labill.
Southern blue
gum
Myrtaceae Leaf Ethanol 100 mg/mL Salmonella Typhi 24 Malik et al.
(2010)
37. Euphorbia
prostrata Aiton
Prostrate
spurge or
prostrate
sandmat
Euphorbiaceae Whole plant Methanol 3 μg/mL Micrococcus luteus 24
Ahmad
et al. (2011)
5 μg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
24/20/26
38. Fagonia indica
Burm.f.
Dramaaho Zygophyllaceae Whole plant Methanol 10 mg/mL Escherichia coli 12.3 6 0.7
Mustafa
et al. (2016)
39. Ficus sarmentosa
Buch.-Ham. ex
Sm.
Nepal Fig Moraceae Whole plant n-hexane ethyl
acetate n-hexane
Klebsiella
pneumonia/
Salmonella
Typhimurium/
Bacillus
stearothermophilus
16/15/15
Rauf et al.
(2012)
40. Glycyrrhiza
glabra L.
Liquorice Fabaceae Root Methanol 15 mg/mL Escherichia coli 3.6 Walter et al.
(2011)
41. Grewia erythraea
Schweinf.
Gaddeim,
gaddein, or
godem
Malvaceae Whole plant Methanol 200 μg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/
Staphylococcus
aureus/
Streptococcus
pyogenes/Klebsiella
pneumoniae
12 6 2/7 6 1/
24 6 2/8 6 1/7 6 2/
8 6 1
Zaidi and
Crow (2005)
(Continued)

TABLE 6.1 (Continued)
Species
number Botanical name
Common
name Family Plant part Solvent used Concentration Bacterial strain
Zone of inhibition
(mm) References
42. Helianthus
annuus L.
Common
sunflower
Asteraceae Leaf Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 36.6 6 0.1
Hazrat et al.
(2013)
43. Heliotropium
strigosum Willd.
Gorakh pam,
Kharsan
Boraginaceae Leaf Methanol 10 mg/mL Escherichia coli 9.3 6 1.3 Mustafa
et al. (2016)
44. Himalaiella
heteromalla (D.
Don) Raab-
Straube
Kaliziri Asteraceae Whole plant Methanol 30 μg/mL Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/
Salmonella Typhi/
Stenotrophomonas
maltophilia/Serratia
marcescens/Bacillus
subtilis/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Micrococcus
luteus
11.5/11.75/10.95/
8.67/13.87/6.45/
6.78/9.57
Batool,
Miana,
Muddassir,
Khan, and
Zafar (2019)
60 μg/mL 12.27/13.13/12.67/
9.11/16.2/6.96/
7.21/9.75
90 μg/mL 13.57/11.29/12.87/
15.23/20.65/7.83/
9.78/10.92
45. Hymenocrater
sessilifolius
Benth.
Lamiaceae Whole plant Methanol 200 μg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
22 6 1/8 6 1/16 6 2
Zaidi and
Crow (2005)
46. Hyssopus
officinalis L.
Hyssopus,
Zoofa
Lamiaceae Leaf Methanol 15 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
3.37 Walter et al.
(2011)
47. Isodon rugosus
(Wall. ex
Benth.) Codd
Wrinkled Leaf
Isodon
Lamiaceae Whole plant Ethyl acetate
Methanol
Salmonella
Typhimurium/
Bacillus
stearothermophilus/
Staphylococcus
aureus
14/12/14
Rauf et al.
(2012)
48. Justicia adhat oda
L.
Vasica,
Vasaka, Baikar
basuti
Acanthaceae Whole plant Methanol 15 mg/mL Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
2.67 6 0.06
Walter et al.
(2011)
49. Lavandula
angustifolia Mill.
Lavender Lamiaceae Flower Essential oil 2 μL Staphylococcus
aureus/
Streptococcus spp./
Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
7.5/7/2/0.5
Sohoo et al.
(2019)

50. Lawsonia inermis
L.
Hina, The
henna tree,
The
mignonette
tree or The
Egyptian
privet
Lythraceae Leaf/stem Aqueous 100 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis 23
Malik et al.
(2010)
51. Lawsonia inermis
L.
Henna,
Mehndi
Lythraceae Leaf Ethanol Bacillus cereus/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
7.10 6 0.03/
7.10 6 0.03/
7.10 6 0.03/
8.67 6 0.52
Khan et al.
(2013)
52. Lens culinaris
Medik.
Lentil, Masur Fabaceae Seed Ethanol Bacillus cereus/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
NA
Khan et al.
(2013)
53. Litchi chinensis
Sonn.
Maida Sak Lauraceae Bark n-hexane 100 mg/mL Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
18 Malik et al.
(2010)
54. Leptadenia
pyrotechnica
(Forssk.) Decne.
Khimp, Kheep Asclepiadaceae Fruit Ethanol 50 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
16 Munazir
et al. (2012)
Methanol 19
Ethyl acetate Staphylococcus
epidermidis
10
Root Methanol 15
55. Malva syl ves tri s
L.
Common
mallow, Tree
mallow,
Khabazi
Malvaceae Dried leaf, root,
and flower
Methanol 15 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
3.1
Walter et al.
(2011)
56. Mangifera indica
L.
Sindhri variety Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
10 6 1/10 6 1/
13 6 0.25/8 6 1/
15 6 0.5
Suleman,
Ali, Haq,
Nisa, and
Zia (2019)
Pulp 7 6 1/10 6 1/
12 6 1/9 6 0.5/
19 6 1
Kernel 12 6 0.25/14 6 0.75/
10 6 1/10 6 0.5/
13 6 1
(Continued)

TABLE 6.1 (Continued)
Species
number Botanical name
Common
name Family Plant part Solvent used Concentration Bacterial strain
Zone of inhibition
(mm) References
57. Mangifera indica
L.
Hujra variety Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
12 6 0.5/15 6 1/
10 6 1/10 6 0.4/
15 6 0.5
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 10 6 0.3/9 6 0.1/
12 6 0.2/8 6 0.4/
10 6 1
Kernel 15 6 0.5/11 6 1/
9 6 1/10 6 1/
15 6 0.5
58. Mangifera indica
L.
Langra variety Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
17 6 1/8 6 0.5/
10 6 0.2/22 6 0.5/
20 6 0.3
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 14 6 1/10 6 0.25/
7 6 0.7/9 6 0.25/
15 6 1
Kernel 15 6 1/14 6 0.75/
13 6 0.5/10 6 0.5/
9 6 0.2
59. Mangifera indica
L.
Chaunsa
variety
Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
12 6 1/16 6 0.5/
8 6 0.3/17 6 0.5/
20 6 0.7
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 10 6 0.6/10 6 1/
10 6 1/12 6 1/
19 6 0.8
Kernel 14 6 0.9/13 6 0.5/
9 6 1/19 6 0.4/
14 6 1
60. Mangifera indica
L.
Dosehri
variety
Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
15 6 0.4/10 6 1/
11 6 1/15 6 0.9/
17 6 0.10
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 9 6 1/8 6 0.7/
12 6 0.75/14 6 0.4/
19 6 0.7
Kernel 16 6 1/18 6 0.9/
9 6 0.75/8 6 1/8 6 1

61. Mangifera indica
L.
Almashil
variety
Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
11 6 0.9/15 6 0.3/
7 6 0.5/9 6 0.5/
9 6 0.10
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 13 6 0.8/9 6 1/
11 6 1/10 6 0.7/
11 6 0.8
Kernel 8 6 1/10 6 0.5/
15 6 0.2/7 6 0.6/
9 6 0.5
62. Mangifera indica
L.
Dalasi variety Anacardiaceae Peel Ethanol 4 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Pseudomonas
septica/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Enterobacter
aerogenes
10 6 1/13 6 0.75/
10 6 0.7/10 6 0.6/
9 6 1
Suleman
et al. (2019)
Pulp 9 6 0.7/12 6 0.75/
18 6 0.5/11 6 1/
10 6 0.4
Kernel 14 6 0.75/10 6 1/
15 6 0.6/12 6 0.9/
13 6 1
63. Medicago falcata
L.
Yellow
lucerne, sickle
alfalfa, or
yellow-
flowered
alfalfa
Fabaceae Whole plant n-hexane Ethyl
acetate
Chloroform
Butanol
200 μL Salmonella Typhi 15.33 6 1.15/
11.33 6 0.57/
13.33 6 1.15/
13.33 6 0.57
Javid et al.
(2015)
64. Melaleuca
alternifolia
(Maiden &
Betche) Cheel
Tea tree Myrtaceae Leaf Essential oil 2 μL Staphylococcus
aureus/
Streptococcus spp./
Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
4.5/3.7/4/1.7
Sohoo et al.
(2019)
65. Melia azedarach
L.
Chinaberry
tree or Pride
of India
Meliaceae Leaf Aqueous 100 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis 18
Malik et al.
(2010)
66. Mentha
longifolia (L.) L.
Wild mint Lamiaceae Leaf Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 26.1 6 0.5 Hazrat et al.
(2013)
(Continued)

TABLE 6.1 (Continued)
Species
number Botanical name
Common
name Family Plant part Solvent used Concentration Bacterial strain
Zone of inhibition
(mm) References
67. Mentha 3 piperita
L.
Breena Lamiaceae Leaf Ethanol,
methanol
0.1 mL E. coli,
Staphylococcus,
Pseudomonas,
Salmonella,
Streptobacillus
15
Sabahat and
Perween
(2005)
68. Momordica
charantia L.
Karela Cucurbitaceae Skin, pulp Ethanol,
methanol
0.1 mL Staphylococcus,
Pseudomonas,
Salmonella,
Streptobacillus
15
Sabahat and
Perween
(2005)
69. Moringa oleifera
Lam.
Suhanjna Moringaceae Root bark Ethanol 100 mg Staphylococcus
aureus
13 Nikkon,
Saud,
Rahman,
and Haque
(2003)
70. Myrtus communis
L.
Myrtle Myrtaceae Fruit Aqueous 100 mg/mL Shigella dysenteriae 16 Malik et al.
(2010)
71. Nigella sativa L. Black caraway Ranunculaceae Seed Ethanol 100 mg/mL Salmonella Typhi 20 Malik et al.
(2010)
72. Nigella sativa L. Black seed Ranunculaceae Seed Essential oil 2 μL Staphylococcus
aureus/
Streptococcus spp./
Escherichia coli/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
10/10/6/11.7
Sohoo et al.
(2019)
73. Ocimum
basilicum L.
Great basil Lamiaceae Leaf Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 24.0 6 0.0 Hazrat et al.
(2013)
74. Onosma
bracteatum Wall.
Gao zuban Boraginaceae Leaf Methanol 15 mg/mL Staphylococcus
aureus
2.67 Walter et al.
(2011)
75. Periploca aphylla
Decne.
Leafless
Silkflower
Shrub
Asclepiadaceae Whole plant Methanol
chloroform
Klebsiella
pneumoniae/
Bacillus
stearothermophilus
12/14
Rauf et al.
(2012)

76. Polygonum
bistorta L.
Bistorta,
Anjbar
Polygonaceae Root Methanol 20 μL Bacillus subtilis/
Enterococcus
faecalis/
Staphylococcus
aureus/
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa/
Salmonella Typhi
6.5/8/0/6/0
Khalid et al.
(2011)
30 μL 11/13/8/ 9/0
Aqueous (Cold) 20 μL 8/0/0/6/0
30 μL 12/9/NA/10/8
Aqueous (Hot) 20 μL 7/0/0/0/0
30 μL 10/10/9/8/8
77. Phyllanthus
emblica L.
Indian
gooseberry or
amla
Phyllanthaceae Fruit Aqueous 100 mg/mL Shigella dysenteriae 24
Malik et al.
(2010)
78. Phyllanthus
emblica L.
Indian
gooseberry,
amla
Phyllanthaceae Fruit Ethanol Bacillus cereus/
Staphylococcus
aureus/Escherichia
coli/Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
22.03 6 0.10/
20.31 6 0.43/
23.68 6 0.36/
20.39 6 0.17
Khan et al.
(2013)
79. Pistacia chinensis
Bunge
Pistachio or
Chinese
pistache
Anacardiaceae Bark Methanol 100 mg/mL Escherichia coli 26.3 6 0.5 Hazrat et al.
(2013)
80. Pistacia chinensis
subsp.
integerrima (J. L.
Stewart ex
Brandis) Rech.
f.
Pistachio,
Kakar singi,
Kangar
Anacardiaceae Stem Crude 20 mg/mL Bacillus subtilis/
Micrococcus luteus/
Salmonella setubal/
Staphylococcus
aureus/
Pseudomonas
pickettii
20.33 6 0.41/17 6 0/
17.33 6 0.34/
23 6 0.34/
19.66 6 0.05
Bibi et al.
(2011)
Aqueous 19.66 6 0.05/NA/
NA/NA/NA
Hexane 14.6 6 0.11/
13.3 6 0.05/
13.3 6 0.2/12 6 0.2/
10.3 6 0.05
Chloroform 13 6 0/12 6 0/
12 6 0/11.66 6 0/
12 6 0
Ethyl acetate 15 6 0/12.66 6 0.05/
14.3 6 0.37/
13.3 6 0.2/NA
Methanol NA/NA/106 0/
11.5 6 0/11 6 0.5
(Continued)
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