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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5442_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Biological evaluat ion as antimicrobials of plant extracts in Colombia
Table 1.2 shows a list of in vitro antimicrobial studies of 98 plant species, collected in
Colombia, and distributed in the following 41 families: Adoxaceae (1), Alliaceae (1),
Amaranthaceae (1), Anacardiaceae (2), Annonaceae (8), Apocynaceae (3), Aquifoliaceae
(1), Asteraceae (12), Bignoniaceae (1), Bombacaceae (1), Boraginaceae (1), Burseraceae (1),
Caesalpiniaceae (1), Clusiaceae (4), Commelinaceae (1), Cucurbitaceae (2), Euphorbiaceae
(7), Fabaceae (2), Labiaceae (1), Lamieaceae (6), Lecythidaceae (1), Magnoliaceae (1),
Malpighiaceae (1), Melastomataceae (1), Melastomataceae (2), Meliaceae (1),
Menispermaceae (2), Myristicaceae (5), Myrtaceae (6), Onagraceae (1), Papaveraceae (1),
Piperaceae (9), Poaceae (1), Polygonaceae (2), Rhamnaceae (1), Rubiaceae (2), Rutaceae (2),
Scrophulariaceae (1), Solanaceae (5), Urticaceae (1), Verbenaceae (3), Zingiberaceae (1).
This institution published in 2016, for the first time in the history of Colombia, the
Catalog of Plants and Lichens of Colombia, a floristic inventory prepared by researchers
from the National University of Colombia and researchers from other countries (Bernal
et al., 2016). The latest report on plants in Colombia is of 29,917 species distributed in
more than 400 families and 3000 genera, the most abundant families being Orchidaceae,
Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Rubiaceae and Mela stomataceae with more than a thousand species
each, and with the greatest diversity in the group of orchids with more than 3000 species
(Raz and Zamora., 2020). In Colombia, knowledge of the flora is still incomplete and there
are vast regions of the country that have been scarcely explored. Every year several dozen
species new to science are discovered and the range known to many others is expanded,
while researchers discover new applications for our plants day after day. The Humbolt
Institute has also characterized medicinal species, which will be discussed later in this
chapter. The use of these species in Colombia is regulated by Decrees 2266 of 2004, 3553 of
2004, 4927 of 2009 and 1156 of 2008, issued by the Ministry of Health and Social
Protection. Through Resolution 2834 of 2008, the Colombian Vademecum of Medicinal
Plants is adopted as a mandatory reference to issue the sanitary registration of traditional
phytotherapeutic products and finally. Through Decree 1156 of 2018, the health registra-
tion regime of phytotherapeutic products and a list of medicinal plants is adopted, built
from the monographs of the World Health Organization (WHO), the European Health
Agency (EMA) and the Colombian Vademecum of Medicinal Plants
Similarly, in this review we wanted to highlight the native species with indications for
antimicrobial use in the Colombian Vademecum, as well as the species with the highest
number of antimicrobial uses in traditional Colombian medicine, such as Jacaranda caucana
Pittier, Solanum nudum Hassl (Solanaceae), Hymenaea courbaril L. (Leguminosae), Xanthium
strumarium L. (Asteraceae), Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (Malvaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (DC.)
Stapf (Poaceae) and Austroeupatorium inulifolium Kunth.
Respiratory diseases are one of the most treated by medicinal plants in Colombia. In
Table 1.1, 51 plants are reported to be used for a range of respiratory diseases, from the
common flu to serious pulmonary tuberculosis infections. In the Orinoquia region, the
Carapichea ipecacuanha (Rubiaceae) species is used to treat bronchitis, bronchopneumonia,
and lung congestion, among other non-infectious diseases. The plants Mentha piperita
(Lamiaceae), Aloysia citriodora (Verbenaceae), Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae), Sambucus nigra
24 1. A review of medicinal plants used as antimicrobials in Colombia
Medicinal Plants as Anti-infectives
TABLE 1.2 Biological evaluation as antimicrobials of plant extracts in Colombia.
Scientific name
(family)
Common
name
Collection
place Type of extract
Biological
activity Microorganism Result Reference
Thymus vulgaris L.
(Lamiaceae)
Tomillo Bucaramanga,
Santander
Essential oil
(leaves, stem, and
flowers)
Antibacterial Porphyromonas
gingivalis
MIC 5 250 μg/mL
Parra Sepu
´
lveda (2020)
Elettaria
cardamomum L.
Maton
(Zingiberaceae)
Cardamomo Essential oil
(seeds)
MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Ilex paraguariensis.
A St-Hil.
(Aquifoliaceae)
Yerbamate Viota
´
,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Helicobacter
pylori
MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Portela Quintero (2020)
Rosmarinus
officinalis L.
(Lamiaceae)
Romero Bucaramanga,
Santander
Essential oil
(whole plant)
Porphyromonas
gingivalis
MIC 5 375700 μg/mL
Duarte Velandia (2020)
Austroeupatorium
inulaefolium Kunth.
R.M.King & H.
Rob. (Compositae)
Salvia de
castilla, salvia
de hora
Bogota
´
,
Cundinamarca
Chloroform
extract (aerial
parts)
Antiparasitic Plasmodium
falciparum
CL
50
5 2.27 μg/mL Sosa Puerto (2019)
Miconia theizans
Bonpl. Cogn.
(Melastomataceae)
Tuno blanco Chloroform
extract (aerial
parts)
CL
50
5 0.56 μg/mL
Ethanol extract
(aerial parts)
CL
50
5 0.63 μg/mL
Otholobium
mexicanum L.f. J.W.
Grimes.
(Leguminosae)
Ruchica Cerinza,
Boyaca
´
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Antibacterial Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 0.1 μg/mL
Ramı
´
rez Romero and
Prieto Mune
´
var (2019)
Cymbopogon
citratus DC. Stapf
(Poaceae)
Limonaria Sierra nevada
de Santa
Marta,
Magdalena
Essential oil
(leaves)
Streptococcus
mutans
MIC 5 1.0 μg/mL
Cuadros, Rivera,
Merini, and Pabon
(2018)
Solanum nudum
Dunal (Solanaceae)
Sau
´
co y
zapata
Tumaco,
Narin
˜
o
hexane extract
(leaves)
antiparasitic Plasmodium
falciparum
IC
50
5 17.4 μg/mL Barrios et al. (2018)
Corcona
´
,
Antioquia
IC
50
5 100 μg/mL
(Continued)
TABLE 1.2 (Continued)
Scientific name
(family)
Common
name
Collection
place Type of extract
Biological
activity Microorganism Result Reference
Rosmarinus
officinalis L.
(Lamiaceae)
Romero Chı
´
a,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Antibacterial Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 5.2 μg/mL
Ortı
´
z-Ardila et al.
(2017)
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
MIC 5 10.1 μg/mL
Salmonella spp. MIC5 22.4 μg/mL
Bacillus subtilis MIC 5 15.6 μg/mL
Cecropia mutisiana.
Mildbr
(Urticaceae)
Calentano,
guarumo
Viota
´
.
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 17.6 μg/mL
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Salmonella spp. MIC5 11.7 μg/mL
Cucurbita moschata
Duchesne.
(Cucurbitaceae)
Ahuyama Atla
´
ntico Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Staphylococcus
aureus
methicillin
sensitive
MIC 5 19.1 μg/mL
del Castillo Pereira,
Molinares Moscarella,
Campo Urbina, and
Bettin Martı
´
nez (2017)
Staphylococcus
aureus
methicillin
resistant
MIC 5 0.16 μg/mL
Momordica
charantia L.
(Cucurbitaceae)
Balsamina Bolı
´
var Dichlomethane
extract (leaves)
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 62.5 μg/mL
Cervantes Ceballos,
Sa
´
nchez Hoyos, and
Go
´
mez Estrada (2017)
Methanol extract
(leaves)
MIC 5 125 μg/mL
Heliotropium
indicum L.
(Boraginaceae)
Verbena
blanca
Ethanol extract
(whole plant)
MIC . 512 μg/mL
Sambucus nigra L.
(Adoxaceae)
Sauco San Antonio de
Tequendama,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(flowers)
Streptococcus
pneumoniae
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Pava, Sanabria, and
Leal (2017)
Enterococcus
faecium
vancomycin
resistant
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Klebsiella
pneumoniae with
KPC
(carbapenemase
producer)
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Providencia
rettgeri ESBL
(extended
spectrum
betalactamases)
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Enterobacter
cloacae
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Escherichia coli MIC . 500 μg/mL
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC . 500 μg/mL
Candida albicans MIC . 500 μg/mL
Ulex europaeus L.
(Leguminosae)
Retamo
espinoso
Monserrate,
Cundinamarca
Dichloromethane
fraction (leaves)
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 367.9 μg/mL
Parra Garzo
´
n (2017)
Ethyl acetate
fraction (leaves)
Escherichia coli MIC 5 219.1 μg/mL
Mammea americana
L.(Calophyllaceae)
Mamey Turbaco,
Bolı
´
var
Coumarin A
(ethanol extract)
Antiviral Dengue virus EC
50
5 9.6 μg/mL Martı
´
nez Vega et al.
(2017)
Coumarin B
(ethanol extract)
EC
50
5 2.6 μg/mL
Tabernaemontana
cymosa Jacq.
(Apocynaceae)
Bola de
puerco
Lupeol acetate
(ethanol extract)
Dengue virus EC
50
5 37.5 μg/mL
Voacangine
(ethanol extract)
EC50 5 10.1 μg/mL
(Continued)
TABLE 1.2 (Continued)
Scientific name
(family)
Common
name
Collection
place Type of extract
Biological
activity Microorganism Result Reference
Solanum
lycopersicum L.
(Solanaceae)
Tomate Barranquilla,
Atla
´
ntico
Ethanol extract
(fruits and seeds)
Antibacterial Streptococcus
mutans
MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Puerta Domı
´
nguez and
Vargas Herna
´
ndez
(2016)
Minthostachys
mollis (Benth.)
Griseb.
(Lamiaceae)
Mun
˜
a Pamplona,
Norte de
Santander
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Escherichia coli MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Torrenegra-Alarco
´
n
et al. (2016)
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Staphylococcus
epidermidis
MIC 5 600 μg/mL
Gnaphalium
polycephalum
Michx.
(Compositae)
Siempreviva Tunja, Boyaca
´
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Ramı
´
rez-Rueda and
Mojica-A
´
vila (2014)
Escherichia coli MIC 5 500 μg/mL
Croton leptostachyus
Kunth
(Euphorbiaceae)
Mosquero Alvarado,
Tolima
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Antiparasitic Leishmania
panamensis
CI
50
5 7.39 μg/mL Neira, Stashenko, and
Escobar (2014)
Leishmania
braziliensis
CI
50
5 22.7 μg/mL
Croton pedicellatus
Kunth
(Euphorbiaceae)
Ricino Leishmania
panamensis
CI
50
5 7.14 μg/mL
Leishmania
braziliensis
CI
50
5 19.6 μg/mL
Phyllanthus
acuminatus Vahl
(Phyllanthaceae)
Jobillo,
barsbaco
Puerto Lo
´
pez,
Metazdsa
Leishmania
panamensis
CI
50
5 19.6 μg/mL
Leishmania
braziliensis
CI
50
5 91.2 μg/mL
Piper holtonii C.DC.
(Piperaceae)
Cordoncillo Mesitas,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(aerial parts)
Antiparasitic Plasmodium
falciparum
chloroquine-
resistant strain
CI
50
5 12.0 μg/mL Rojas Cardozo,
Garavito Ca
´
rdenas,
and Rinco
´
n Velandia
(2014)
Lippia alba Mill. N.
E.Br. ex Britton &
P.Wilson
(Verbenaceae)
Prontoalivio Different
zones of
Colombia
Essential oil Antibacterial Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Aristizabal and Marı
´
n
(2012)
Escherichia coli
amoxicillin
resistant
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Lippia origanoides
Kunth
(Verbenaceae)
Ore
´
gano de
monte
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Amoxicillin-
resistant
Escherichia coli
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Cananga odorata
Lam. Hook.f. &
Thomson
(Annonaceae)
Flor de
cananga
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 50
μg/mL
Salmonella
gallinarum,
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
(Continued)
TABLE 1.2 (Continued)
Scientific name
(family)
Common
name
Collection
place Type of extract
Biological
activity Microorganism Result Reference
Amoxicillin-
resistant
Escherichia coli
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Tagetes lu
´
cida Cav.
(Compositae)
Perico
´
no
yerbaanı
´
s
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Amoxicillin-
resistant
Escherichia coli
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Eucalyptus
citriodora Hook.
(Myrtaceae)
Eucalipto
aroma
´
tico
Pereira,
Risaralda
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 10
50 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 1050 μg/mL
Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Amoxicillin-
resistant
Escherichia coli
MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Cymbopogon
citratus DC. Stapf
(Poaceae)
Limonaria Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Amoxicillin-
resistant
Escherichia coli
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
susceptible to
amoxicillin
MIC 5 3050 μg/mL
Salvia rubriflora
Epling (Lamiaceae)
Ethanol
extract
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Sigesbeckia
agrestis Poepp
(Compositae)
Ton-tzun Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 1050 μg/mL
Hyptis perbullata
Fern. Alonso
(Lamiaceae)
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 50 μg/mL
Conobea scoparioides
Cham. & Schltdl.
Benth
(Plantaginaceae)
Hierba de
sapo
Choco
´
Essential oil Staphylococcus
aureus ATCC
33591
MIC 5 6.4 μg/mL
Zaraza Moncayo (2012)
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 3.2 μg/mL
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 12.8 μg/mL
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
MIC 5 16.7 μg/mL
Escherichia coli MIC 5 12.8 μg/mL
Eucalyptus globulus
Labill. (Myrtacea)
Eucalipto azul Pamplona,
Norte de
Santander
Essential oil
(leaves)
Escherichia coli MIC 5 34.2 μg/mL
Rueda and Mogollo
´
n
(2012)
(Continued)
TABLE 1.2 (Continued)
Scientific name
(family)
Common
name
Collection
place Type of extract
Biological
activity Microorganism Result Reference
Salmonella
enteritidis
MIC 5 57.5 μg/mL
Bacillus subtilis MIC 5 16.5 μg/mL
Enterococcus
faecalis
MIC 5 12.4 μg/mL
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 12.4 μg/mL
Eucalyptus
camaldulensis
Dehnh.
(Myrtaceae)
Eucalipto rojo Escherichia coli MIC 5 85.6 μg/mL
Salmonella
enteritidis
MIC 5 51.3 μg/mL
Bacillus subtilis MIC 5 31.3 μg/mL
Enterococcus
faecalis
MIC 5 30 μg/mL
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 33.2 μg/mL
Lippia origanoides
Kunth
(Verbenaceae)
Ore
´
gano de
monte
Different
zones of
Colombia
Salmonella
gallinarum
MIC 5 641024 μg/mL
Ramı
´
rez, Isaza, Veloza,
Stashenko, and Marı
´
n
(2011)
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 2561024 μg/mL
Escherichia coli
amoxicillin-
resistant
MIC 5 2561024 μg/mL
Escherichia coli MIC 5 2561024 μg/mL
Pseudomonas
aeruginosa
MIC . 1024 μg/mL
Staphylococcus
aureus
MIC 5 641024 μg/mL
Bacillus cereus MIC 5 2561024 μg/mL
Piper cumanense
Kunth (Piperaceae)
Cordoncillo Zapatoca,
Santander
Ethanol extract Antiparasitic Leishmania
panamensis
CE 5 382.9 μg/mL
Sa
´
nchez-Sua
´
rez et al.
(2010)
Piper holtonii C.DC
(Piperaceae)
Cordoncillo La Mesa,
Cundinamarca
Leishmania
panamensis
CE 5 280.9 μg/mL
Rosmarinus
officinalis L.
(Lamiaceae)
Romero Medellı
´
n,
Antioquia
Essential oil
(leaves)
Antibacterial Shigella sonnei MIC 5 512 μg/mL
Castan
˜
o, Gelmy,
Zapata, and Jime
´
nez
(2010)
Salmonella
typhimurium
MIC 5 512 μg/mL
Annona muricata L.
(Annonaceae)
Guana
´
bana Anapoima,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(leaves)
Antiparasitic Trypanosoma
cruzi
IC
50
5 10 μg/mL Caldero
´
n et al. (2010)
Plasmodium
falciparum
IC
50
5 20 μg/mL
Calea peruviana
Kunth Benth. ex S.
F. Blake
(Compositae)
Carrasposa Sabana de
Bogota
´
,
Cundinamarca
IC
50
5 22 μg/mL
Calea jamaicensis L.
(Compositae)
Cunday,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(aerial parts)
Trypanosoma
cruzi
IC
50
5 30 μg/mL
Chromolaena
leivensis Hieron. R.
M. King & H. Rob.
(Compositae)
Sanalo-todo La Mesa.
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(aerial parts)
IC
50
5 8 μg/mL
Critonia morifolia
Mill. R.M. King &
H. Rob.
(Compositae)
Lengua de
vaca
La Mesa,
Cundinamarca
Ethanol extract
(fruits)
IC
50
5 29 μg/mL
(Continued)