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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5442_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Legal certainty 543
New trends and evolutions 544
The curious case of pathogens 545
Digital sequence information 545
Biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction 546
Conclusion 547
Acknowledgments 548
References 549
Index 555
x Contents
List of contributors
Fozia Abasi Department of Botany, PMAS-
Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Roula M. Abdel-Massih Department of
Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences,
University of Balamand, El-Koura, Lebanon
Elora Aubert CNRS, UMR 7200, Laboratory of
Therapeutic Innovation, Medalis LabEx,
Faculty of Pharmacy, Strasbourg University,
Strasbourg, France
Agne
`
s Aubouy UMR 152 PharmaDev,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse,
France
Julia
´
n Cabrera-Barraza Phytochemical and
Pharmacological Research Laboratory of the
University of Cartagena (LIFFUC), Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Aissata Camara Institute for Research and
Development of Medicinal and Food
Plants of Guinea (IRDPMAG), Dubre
´
ka,
Guinea
Jose
´
Cerra-Dominguez Phytochemical and
Pharmacological Research Laboratory of the
University of Cartagena (LIFFUC), Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Kitti Wing Ki Chan Programme in Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical
School, Singapore
Franc¸ois Chassagne UMR 152 PharmaDev,
IRD, UPS, Universite
´
de Toulouse, Toulouse,
France
Xiaoyan Chen Department of Chemistry,
School of Computer, Mathematical and
Natural Sciences, Morgan State University,
Baltimore, MD, United States
Bruno David Green Mission Pierre Fabre,
Pierre Fabre Research Institute, Toulouse,
France
Marco Nuno De Canha Department of Plant
and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa
Eric Deharo UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, UPS,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, Toulouse, France;
Institut de Recherche pour le
De
´
veloppement, Vientiane, Lao PDR
Tanyaradzwa Tiandra Dembetembe Department
of Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural
and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Adama De
´
nou Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Sciences, Techniques and
Technologies of Bamako, Mali
Fredyc Dı
´
az-Castillo Phytochemical and
Pharmacological Research Laboratory of the
University of Cartagena (LIFFUC), Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Marc El Beyrouthy Department of Agricultural
Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik,
Beirut, Lebanon
Pierre Fechter CNRS, UMR 7242,
Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, Strasbourg
University, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
Lydia Gibango Department of Plant and Soil
Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa
Bertrand Graz Antenna Foundation, Geneva,
Switzerland
Mohamed Haddad UMR 152 PharmaDev,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse,
France
xi
Mahamane Haı
¨
dara Faculty of Pharmacy,
University of Sciences, Techniques and
Technologies of Bamako, Mali
Avni Hajdari Department of Biology,
University of Prishtina, Prishtine
¨
, Kosovo
Joe
¨
lle Houriet School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU,
Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western
Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU,
Geneva, Switzerland
Joshua J. Kellogg Department of Veterinary
and Biomedical Sciences, Pennsylvania State
University, University Park, PA, United
States
Nadia Khalid Department of Botany, PMAS-
Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Muhammad Faraz Khan Department of
Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Quenton Kritzinger Department of Plant and
Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa
Namrita Lall Department of Plant and Soil
Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa; School of Natural Resources,
University of Missouri, Columbia, MO,
United States; College of Pharmacy, JSS
Academy of Higher Education and Research,
Mysuru, India
Samantha Rae Loggenberg Department of
Plant and Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural
and Agricultural Sciences, University of
Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
Guillaume Marti UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD,
UPS, Universite
´
de Toulouse, Toulouse,
France; Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences
Ve
´
ge
´
tales and Metatoul-AgromiX Platform,
MetaboHUB, National Infrastructure for
Metabolomics and Fluxomics, LRSV,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS,
Toulouse, France
Zia Ur Rehman Mashwani Department of
Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University,
Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Behxhet Mustafa Department of Biology,
University of Prishtina, Prishtine
¨
, Kosovo
Andre
´
s Felipe Oliveros-Dı
´
az Phytochemical
and Pharmacological Research Laboratory of
the University of Cartagena (LIFFUC),
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences,
University Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
Carel B. Oosthuizen Department of Plant and
Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa
Sergio Ortiz UMR 152 PharmaDev, Universite
´
de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse, France;
UMR 7200 Laboratoire d’Innovation
The
´
rapeutique, Universite
´
de Strasbourg,
CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and
Development Institute (IMS), Illkirch-
Graffenstaden, France
Romina Pacheco UMR 152 PharmaDev,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse,
France
Yina Pa
´
jaro-Gonza
´
lez Phytochemical and
Pharmacological Research Laboratory of the
University of Cartagena (LIFFUC), Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Research
Group in Healthcare Pharmacy and
Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Atla
´
ntico,
Barranquilla, Colombia
Jiangnan Peng Department of Chemistry,
School of Computer, Mathematical and
Natural Sciences, Morgan State University,
Baltimore, MD, United States
Minhua Peng Programme in Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical
School, Singapore
xii List of contributors
Chiobouaphong Phakeovilay UMR 152
PharmaDev, IRD, UPS, Universite
´
de
Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Laboratoire de
Recherche en Sciences Ve
´
ge
´
tales and
Metatoul-AgromiX Platform, MetaHUB,
National Infrastructure for Metabolomics and
Fluxomics, LRSV, Universite
´
de Toulouse,
CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
Ve
´
ronique Pitchon CNRS, UMR 7044,
Archaeology and Ancient History:
Mediterranean - Europe, MISHA, Strasbourg
University, Strasbourg, France
Cassandra L. Quave Center for the Study of
Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta,
GA, United States; Department of
Dermatology and Center for the Study of
Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta,
GA, United States
Naveed Iqbal Raja Department of Botany,
Faculty of Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture
University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Rokia Sanogo Department of Traditional
Medicine, Bamako, Mali; Faculty of
Pharmacy, University of Sciences, Techniques
and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
Seethapathy G. Saroja Department of
Chemistry, School of Computer,
Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Morgan
State University, Baltimore, MD, United
States
Jonathan L. Seaman Department of Plant and
Soil Sciences, Faculty of Natural and
Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria,
Pretoria, South Africa
Sarah Shabih Center for the Study of Human
Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
United States
Danielle Twilley Department of Plant and Soil
Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural
Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria,
South Africa
Remya Unnikrishnan Forest Genetics and
Biotechnology Division, Kerala Forest
Research Institute, Thrissur, India
Santhosh Kumar J. Urumarudappa Research
Unit of DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal
Plants, Department of Pharmacognosy and
Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of
Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn
University, Bangkok, Thailand
Marieke Vansteelandt UMR 152 PharmaDev,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, IRD, UPS, Toulouse,
France
Subhash G. Vasudevan Programme in
Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS
Medical School, Singapore
Thomas Vial UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, UPS,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, Toulouse, France;
Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases,
Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Catherine Vonthron CNRS, UMR 7200,
Laboratory of Therapeutic Innovation,
Medalis LabEx, Faculty of Pharmacy,
Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
Rahmat Wali Department of Botany, PMAS-
Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi,
Pakistan
Satoru Watanabe Programme in Emerging
Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical
School, Singapore
Jean-Luc Wolfender School of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU,
Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of
Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western
Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU,
Geneva, Switzerland
xiiiList of contrib utors
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Preface
Medicinal plants have been used for cen-
turies to treat various diseases including
infectious disorders. Several traditional
medical systems (e.g., Traditional Chinese
Medicine, Ayurveda, Greek medicine) use
plant species to cure disorders known to be
caused or worsened by microbial infections
such as fever, abscess, wounds, tuberculo-
sis, and urinary tract infections. To validate
these traditional uses and discover new
drugs, scientific investigations of medicinal
plants with anti-infective properties have
been carried out since the last century. One
of the most famous examples of drug dis-
covery from anti-infectives plants is the
compound artemisinin isolated from
Artemisia annua L.,
1
which was used in the
traditional Chinese medicine to treat vari-
ous type of fevers, and then investigated by
Youyou Tu in the 1970s to cure malaria.
Forty years later, artemether,
1
an artemisi-
nin derivative, led to the development
of an antimalarial drug approved by the
FDA, which is now listed on the WHO’s
List of Essential Medicines. Because other
medicinal plants led to the discovery of
new anti-infective drugs and some other
are currently under investigation (e.g., ber-
berine isolated from Berberis species such as
Berberis vulgaris
1
), an appraisal of the cur-
rent knowledge of plant-derived com-
pounds investigated for their antimicrobial
properties is necessary. This includes plants
studied for their antibacterial, antifungal,
antimalarial, and antiviral properties.
Historically, the validation of traditional
usage and the discovery of drugs from
plants is based on interdisciplinary fields
such as ethnobotany (recordings of tradi-
tional medical knowledge, and collection/
identification of plant species), phytochem-
istry (plant extracts preparation and
chemical characterization of bioactive com-
pounds), and pharmacology (biological
evaluation of plant extracts). However,
recent innovations and regulations in each
field are changing the way to study medici-
nal plants. For example, metabolomics
allow for a faster identification of active
compounds, DNA barcoding help to avoid
misidentification of medicinal plants, new
pharmacological tools (e.g., quorum sens-
ing, antibiofilm) lead to a better under-
standing of the mechanism of action, new
targets (e.g., fungal endophytes) uncover
new drugs from plants, new approaches
(e.g., reverse pharmacology) simplify and
speed up the process of safety and efficacy
evaluation, and new regulations (i.e.,
Nagoya Protocol) induce a change in the
documentation of traditional knowledge
and collection of genetic resources. Finally,
the paradigm of the higher therapeutic
value of single compounds from plants ver-
sus plant extracts is changing, and phyto-
medicines are becoming more attractive.
The book Medicinal Plants as Anti-infec-
tives: Current Knowledge and New Perspectives
is organized in two independent sections
which aims to:
• describe the medicinal plants and plant-
derived compounds investigated for
1
Pictures of these plant species and representation of
the compound are shown on the book front cover.
xv
their anti-infective properties in different
geographic area (i.e., the Balkans,
Colombia, India, Lebanon, Mali,
Pakistan, South Africa, Southeast Asia
and West Africa); and
• provide an overview of the main recent
innovations and regulations for
selecting, accessing, evaluating,
identifying, and legalizing anti-infective
medicinal plants.
This book is intended to target a large
audience including scientists in the field of
phytomedicine, pharmacognosy, ethnobot-
any, ethnopharmacology, and phytochem-
istry; students in schools of pharmacy
following courses on pharmacognosy and
undergraduate students following cours es
on ethnobotany, biology, and chemistry;
international and national agencies (e.g.,
WHO, FDA in the US, ANSES in France)
responsible for assessing the benefits and
risks associated with the use of health pro-
ducts including plants and plant-derived
compounds; and pharmaceutical compa-
nies or any private companies interesting
in legal rules to access biodiversity and
new technologies for drug discovery
purposes.
I would like to sincerely thank all the
experts for sharing their knowledge and
contributing to this book. In spite of the
Covid-19 pandemic, they all made great
effort to finish their chapters on time and
provide a meticulous examination of their
field.
Franc¸ois Chassagne
UMR 152 PharmaDev, IRD, UPS,
Universite
´
de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
xvi Preface
PART I
Medicinal plants as
anti-infectives: an appraisal of
current knowledge worldwide
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CHAPTER
1
A review of medicinal plants used as
antimicrobials in Colombia
Yina Pa
´
jaro-Gonza
´
lez
1,2
, Andre
´
s Felipe Oliveros-Dı
´
az
1
, Julia
´
n
Cabrera-Barraza
1
, Jose
´
Cerra-Dominguez
1
and
Fredyc Dı
´
az-Castillo
1
1
Phytochemical and Pharmacological Research Laboratory of the University of Cartagena
(LIFFUC), Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia
2
Research Group in Healthcare Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry and
Pharmacy, University of Atla
´
ntico, Barranquilla, Colombia
Introduction
Colombia is located in the northwestern corner of South America, in the connection area of
this subcontinent with Central America. It is the only South American country that has coasts
on the Atlantic (1600 km) and Pacific (1300 km) oceans. Its continental territory extends from
12 degrees 26
0
46v N in Punta Gallinas, La Guajira (the northernmost point of South America),
to 4 degrees 12
0
30v S, at the mouth of the San Antonio Creek on the Amazon River, in the
city of Leticia, and from 60 degrees 50
0
54v W, on the island of San Jose
´
,ontheNegroRiver
(point of convergence of the borders of Colombia, Brazil, and Venezuela) to 79 degrees 02
0
33v
or at Cape Manglares, at the mouth of the Mira River, in the Pacific Ocean. The equatorial
line crosses the south of the country, in such a way that 87% of the continental territory is in
the Northern Hemisphere. The Colombian territory also includes the Gorgona (26 km
2
)and
Gorgonilla (1.1 km
2
) islands, located in the Pacific Ocean at 2 degrees 58
0
N, about 29 km from
the coast, and Malpelo Island (0.35 km
2
), an oceanic rock located at 4 degrees N and 465 km
west of the continent (
Bernal, Gradstein, & Celis, 2016).
In the Caribbean Sea, the Colombian territory also includes the archipelago of San
Andre
´
s and Providencia, located off the coast of Nicaragua, between 12 degrees and 16
degrees 30
0
N and 78 degrees and 82 degrees W. This archipelago includes the islan ds of
San Andre
´
s (26 km
2
), Providencia (17 km
2
), and Santa Catalina (1 km
2
), along with several
3
Medicinal Plants as Anti-infectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90999-0.00005-7 Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.