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CHAPTER
3
Medicinal plants in the Balkans with
antimicrobial properties
Sarah Shabih
1
, Avni Hajdari
2
, Behxhet Mustafa
2
and
Cassandra L. Quave
1,3
1
Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
2
Department of Biology, University of Prishtina, Prishtine
¨
, Kosovo
3
Department of
Dermatology and Center for the Study of Human Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA,
United States
Introduction
The Balkans are a European biodiversity hotspot characterized by high biological diver-
sity, resulting from unique geomorphological, climatic, hydrological, and soil conditions.
In addition to being a rich region for biodiversity, the Balkans also represents an attractive
center in terms of cultural, linguistic, and religious diversity, making the region a tremen-
dous reservoir of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) related to wild plants use
(
Mustafa et al., 2012). According to a recent study (Mustafa, Hajdari, Pulaj, Quave, &
Pieroni, 2020
), the richness in TEK in this region is due to the complex biocultural diver-
sity, economic development based mainly in small-scale agropastoral activities in rural
and mountainous areas, managed mainly by elderly peoples, and the long-held tradition
in the collection of wild plants. Although the region is rich in TEK, a limited number of
ethnobotanical investigations have been conducted last century. In the last few decades,
however, the Western Balkan countries have been the focus of several ethnobotanical sur-
veys. For example, these have been conducted in Albania (
Pieroni, Dibra, Grishaj, Grishaj,
& Gjon, 2005; Pieroni et al., 2014; Pieroni et al., 2014; Pieroni, Ibraliu, Abbasi, & Papajani-
Toska, 2015; Pieroni, 2008
), Bosnia and Herzegovina (
ˇ
Sari
´
c-Kundali
´
c, Dobe
ˇ
s, Klatte-
Asselmeyer, & Saukel, 2010;
ˇ
Sari
´
c-Kundali
´
c, Dobe
ˇ
s, Klatte-Asselmeyer, & Saukel, 2011
),
Kosovo (
Hajdari, Pieroni, Jhaveri, Mustafa, & Quave, 2018; Mustafa et al., 2012; Mustafa
et al., 2012; Mustafa et al., 2015; Mustafa et al., 2020; Pieroni et al., 2017
), Montenegro
(
Menkovi
´
c et al., 2011), North Macedonia (Pieroni et al., 2013; Pieroni et al., 2017; Rexhepi
103
Medicinal Plants as Anti-infectives
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90999-0.00013-6 Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.