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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5442_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
TABLE 8.1 (Continued)
Plant family Botanical name Used part Type of extract
Plasmodium
strain
IC50*
(μg/mL)
Selectivity
indexy References
Poaceae Bambusa vulgaris Leaves Aqueous 3D7 7.5 .13.3
Komlaga et al. (2016)
Petroleum ether 3D7 0.7 .267
Ethyl acetate 3D7 0.5 .408
Polygalaceae Carpolobia lutea Aerial parts Dichloromethane 3D7 19.4 3.4
Bero et al. (2009)
W2 8.1 3.4
Proteaceae Faurea speciosa Leaves and
twigs
Ethanol 70% FcB1 14.8 10.4
Laryea and Borquaye (2019)
W2 9.3 16.6
CAM06 6.9 22.3
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus
mauritiana
Leaves Ethanol 70% ANKTC023 9.7 Nd
Attemene et al. (2018)
ANKTC024 10.2 Nd
ANKTC024 13.6 Nd
ANKTC024 15.4 Nd
K1 20 Nd
Rubiaceae Canthium setosum Aerial parts Methylene chloride 3D7 2.8 Nd
Weniger et al. (2004)
Methanol K1 4.8 Nd
Keetia leucantha Twigs Dichloromethane 3D7 11.3 Nd
Bero et al. (2009)
Mitragyna inermis Leaves Chloroform W2 4.36 Nd Traore-Keita et al. (2000)
3D7 4.82 Nd
Roots Chloroform W2 22.26 Nd
3D7 22.21 Nd
Morinda
morindoides
Leaves Ethanol 90% K1 3.54
Kamanzi Atindehou et al.
(2004)
Nauclea latifolia Stem Aqueous Nigerian
patient isolate
1.7 Nd Benoit-Vical et al. (1998)
FcB1 2.2 Nd
Root Nigerian
patient isolate
0.7 Nd
FcB1 0.6 Nd
Pavetta crassipes Leaves Total alkaloids W2 1.2 Nd
Sanon, Azas, et al. (2003)
D6 1 Nd
Rutaceae Fagara
macrophylla
Stem bark Ethanol FcB1 2.3 12
Zirihi et al. (2005)
Verbenaceae Lantana
rhodesiensis
Leaves methanol 50% 3D7 12.5 Nd Nea et al. (2021)
Violaceae Hybanthus
enneaspermus
Aerial parts Methylene chloride K1 2.57 Nd Weniger et al. (2004)
IC50*: half maximal inhibitory concentration; Selectivity indexy: ratio of the toxic concentration of a sample against its effective bioactive concentration.
TABLE 8.2 In vivo antimalarial activity of the main West African plants studied.
Plant family
Botanical
name
Used
part Type of extract Model used Inhibition of parasitemia (%)
Toxicity
in the
model References
Anacardiaceae Antrocaryon
micraster
Stem
bark
Ethanol ICR mice, P. berghei
ANKA
46.1% at 400 mg/kg per day Nontoxic
Kumatia et al. (2021)
Annonaceae Annickia
polycarpa
Leaves Ethanol 96% ICR mice, P. berghei
ANKA
95.5% at 400 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Kumatia et al. (2021)
Enantia
polycarpa
Stem
bark
Ethanol Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei berghei
NK65
75.8% at 600 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Anosa, Udegbunam,
Okoro, and
Okoroafor (2014)
Polyalthia
longifolia
Leaves Aqueous Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei ANKA
53% at 800 mg/kg per day Nd Bankole et al. (2016)
Uvaria
chamae
Roots Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei berghei
75.9% schizonticide at
900 mg/kg per day
Toxic Okokon, Ita, and
Udokpoh (2006)
Amaranthaceae Amaranthus
spinosus
Red
barks of
the
stems
Aqueous NMRI mice,
P. berghei berghei
53% at 900 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Hilou, Nacoulma,
and Guiguemde
(2006)
Arecaceae Cocos
nucifera
Husk
fibers
Ethyl acetate Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
86.3% at 125 mg/kg per day Nd Adebayo et al. (2013)
Asteraceae Bidens pilosa Leaves
and
twigs
Ethanol 70% BALB/C mice,
P. berghei ANKA
74.7% at 400 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Laryea and
Borquaye (2019)
Dicoma
tomentosa
Whole
plant
Methanol and
ethanol/water
Swiss mice,
P. berghei NK173
40%60% at 100 mg/kg per
day
Toxic at
200 mg/
kg
Jansen et al. (2012)
Launaea
taraxacifolia
Fresh
leaves
Methanol Swiss mice,
P. berghei
73.5% at 200 mg/kg per day Nd Adetutu,
Olorunnisola,
Owoade, and
Adegbola (2016)
Tithonia
diversifolia
Aerial
part
Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei ANKA
74.97% at 200 mg/kg per day Toxic at
400
mg/kg
Elufioye and
Agbedahunsi (2004)
Vernonia
amygdalina
Fresh
leaves
Aqueous Unidentified mice
species, P. berghei
NK65
80% at 350 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Okpe et al. (2016)
Caricaceae Carica
papaya
Fresh
leaves
Aqueous Unidentified mice
species, P. berghei
NK65
93% at 350 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Okpe et al. (2016)
Terminalia
albida
Stem
bark
Aqueous C57BL 6 mice, P.
berghei ANKA
100% at 100 mg/kg per day
(intraperitoneal)
Nontoxic Camara et al. (2019)
Combretaceae Terminalia
macroptera
Leaves
or roots
Ethanol 90% Swiss albino mice,
P. chabaudi
37.2% and 46.4% at 100
mg/kg per day for leaves and
roots, respectively
Nontoxic Haidara et al. (2018)
Cucurbitaceae Momordica
balsamina
Nd Methanol Unidentified mice
species, P. vinckei
petteri
52% at 100 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Benoit-Vical et al.
(2006)
Euphorbiaceae Chrozophora
senegalensis
Stems Aqueous Swiss mice,
P. vinckei petteri
75.2% at 25 mg/kg per day
(intraperitoneal)
Nd Garcia-Alvarez et al.
(2013)
Fabaceae Bauhinia
rufescens
Leaves Aqueous NMRI mice,
P. berghei ANKA
50% at 100 mg/kg per day Nd Bonkian et al. (2018)
Cassia alata Leaves Dichloromethane/
methane 1:1
NMRI mice,
P. berghei ANKA
45.2% at 100 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Da et al. (2016)
Cassia
singueana
Roots Methanol Wistar rats and
Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei
80% at 200 mg/kg per day
(subcutaneous)
Nontoxic Adzu et al. (2003)
Hippocrateaceae Hippocratea
africana
Roots Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice.
P. berghei berghei
90.9% schizonticidal at
600 mg/kg per day
Toxic Okokon et al. (2006)
Icacinaceae Icacina
senegalensis
Leaves Methanol Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
80% at 100 mg/kg per day Toxic
David-Oku, Ifeoma,
Christian, and Dick
(2014)
Root
bark
Ethanol Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
92% at 200 mg/kg per day Toxic Akuodor et al. (2017)
(Continued)
TABLE 8.2 (Continued)
Plant family
Botanical
name
Used
part Type of extract Model used Inhibition of parasitemia (%)
Toxicity
in the
model References
Loganiaceae Anthocleista
djalonensis
Stem
bark
Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei
70.5% at 600 mg/kg per day Nd
Attemene et al.
(2018)
Loranthaceae Tapinanthus
sessilifolius
Whole
plant
Methanol Unidentified mice
species, P. berghei
ANKA
51.3% at 400 mg/kg per day Nd Okpako and
Ajaiyeoba (2004)
Malvaceae Clappertonia
ficifolia
Leaves Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei
62.6% at 400 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Laryea and
Borquaye (2019)
Meliaceae Azadirachta
indica
Whole
plant
Aqueous Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
92% at 1240 mg/kg per day Nd Alaribe et al. (2021)
Unripe
fruit
kernel
Methanol C57BL/6 mice,
P. berghei ANKA
30% at 150 mg/kg per day Nd Habluetzel et al.
(2019)
Leaves Ethanol 70% BALB/C mice,
P. berghei NK65
68 to 69.3% at 300 mg/kg per
day
Nontoxic Tepongning et al.
(2018)
Moraceae Artocarpus
altilis
Stem
bark
Ethanol 70% Wistar albino mice,
P. berghei berghei
NK65
55.5% at 200 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Adebajo et al. (2014)
Ficus
thonningii
Leaves Hexane Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
84.5% at 500 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Falade et al. (2014)
Ochnaceae Lophira alata Leaves Hexane Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei NK65
74.4% at 500 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Falade et al. (2014)
Papilionaceae Erythrina
senegalensis
Bark Aqueous Wistar rats and
Swiss albino mice,
P. yoelii nigeriensis
23% at 100 mg/kg per day Nontoxic Saidu et al. (2000)
Rhamnaceae Ziziphus
mauritiana
Leaves Ethanol 70% Swiss albino mice,
P. berghei
88.9% at 600 mg/kg per day Nd Attemene et al.
(2018)
Rubiaceae Crossopteryx
febrifuga
Stem
bark
Ethanol 70% unidentified mice
type, P. berghei
ANKA
71% at 400 mg/kg per day Nd Elufioye and
Agbedahunsi (2004)
Keetia
leucantha
Twigs Dichloromethane
or aqueous
Swiss mice, P.
berghei NK173
56.8% at 53% at 200 mg/kg
per day for CH
2
Cl
2
and H
2
O
extracts respectively
Nd
Bero et al. (2009)
Scrophulariaceae Striga
hermonthica
Whole
plant
Methanol Unidentified mice
type, P. berghei
ANKA
68.5% at 400 mg/kg per day Nd Okpako and
Ajaiyeoba (2004)
Simaroubaceae Quassia
amara
Stem Hexane Albino mice, P.
berghei ANKA
98% at 100 mg/kg per day
(intraperitoneal)
Nontoxic Ajaiyeoba et al.
(1999
)
Tiliaceae Triumfetta
cordifolia
Leaves Ethanol 70% Swiss albino, P.
berghei ANKA
98% at 400 mg/kg per day Nontoxic
Ezenyi, Verma,
Singh, Okhale, and
Adzu (2020)
TABLE 8.3 List of molecules isolated from West African plants.
Plant family
Botanical
name
Used
part Type of extract Isolated metabolite In vitro In vivo References
Plasmodium
strain
IC50* Selectivity
indexy
Model
used
Inhibition of
parasitemia
(%)
Toxicity
Ancistrocladaceae Ancistrocladus
abbreviatus
Root bark Methanol/Water Ancistrobrevine E NF54 0.213 μM 604
Fayez et al.
(2018)
5-epi-Ancistrobrevine E NF54 0.663 μM 225
Ancistrobrevine F NF54 0.928 μM 175
5-epi-Ancistrobrevine F NF54 0.846 μM 138
Ancistrobrevine G NF54 0.134 μM 183
Annonaceae Polyalthia
longifolia
Stem
bark
Ethyl acetate 16-Hydroxycleroda-3,13-
die
´
n-16,15-olide
K1 16.76 μMNd
Gbedema,
Bayor,
Annan, and
Wright
(2015)
Acide 16-oxocle
´
roda-3,13
(14) E-die
´
n-15-oique
K1 9.59 μMNd
3,16-dihydroxycleroda-4
(18), 13 (14) Z-die
`
ne-15,16-
olide
K1 18.41 μMNd
Bisclerodane imide 3D7 4.53 μMNd
Annan et al.
(2015)
Cleroda-3-e
`
ne 3D7 4.76 μMNd
Pyrrole-15,16-dione;
cleroda-3-e
`
ne
3D7 112.14 μMNd
Pyrrolidine-15,16-dione;
cleroda-3,13 (14)-die
`
ne-
15,16-diamide
3D7 67.12 μMNd
Cleroda-3-e
`
ne-15,16-
diamide
3D7 10.17 μMNd
Xylopia
aethiopica
Fruits Petroleum ether Xylopic acid ICR
mice, P.
berghei
NK65
99.6%
suppression
at 100
mg/kg per
day
Not
available
Boampong
et al. (2013)
Apocynaceae Picralima nitida Fruit
peels
Total alkaloids Akuammicine D6/W2 0.45/
0.73 μg/mL
Nd Okunji,
Iwu, Ito,
and Smith
(2005)
Akuammine D6/W2 0.95/
0.66 μg/mL
Nd
Alstonine D6/W2 0.017/
0.038 μg/
mL
Nd
Picraline D6/W2 0.44/
0.53 μg/mL
Nd
Picratidine D6/W2 0.80/
0.92 μg/mL
Nd
Picranitidine D6/W2 0.04/
0.03 μg/mL
Nd
c-Akuammigine D6/W2 0.42/
0.10 μg/mL
Nd
Asteraceae Artemisia
gorgonum
Leaves
and
flowers
Ethanol Epimagnolin A FcB1 5.7 μg/mL Nd
Ortet et al.
(2011)
Aschantin FcB1 5.7 μg/mL Nd
Kobusin FcB1 7.67 μg/mL Nd
Sesamin FcB1 3.37 μg/mL Nd
Artemetin FcB1 3.5 μg/mL Nd
(Continued)
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
Plant family
Botanical
name
Used
part Type of extract Isolated metabolite In vitro In vivo References
Clusiaceae Garcinia kola Fresh
seeds
Ethyl acetate Kolaviron Swiss
albino
mice,
P.
berghei
92% at
200 mg/kg
per day
Nontoxic
in
murine
model
Oluwatosin
et al. (2014)
Cochlospermaceae Cochlospermum
planchonii
Rhizomes Dichlorome
´
thane Cochloxanthine 3D7 6.8 μg/mL Nd Lamien-
Meda et al.
(2015)
Dihydrocochloxanthine 3D7 6.9 μg/mL Nd
Cochlospermum
tinctorium
Rhizomes Ethanol 3-0-E-P
coumaroylalphitolic acid
3D7 2.3 μM 18.7
Ballin et al.
(2002)
Dd2 3.8 μM 11.3
Combretaceae Guiera
senegalensis
Roots Chloroform Harman D6 2.2 μg/mL Nd
Ancolio
et al. (2002)
W2 1.3 μg/mL Nd
Tetreahydroharmine D6 3.9 μg/mL Nd
W2 1.4 μg/mL Nd
Dioncophylaceae Triphyophyllum
peltatum
Roots
and stem
bark
Dichlorome
´
thane Dioncophylline A OF1
mice,
P.
berghei
ANKA
99% at Day
4 at 50 mg/
kg per day
Franc¸ois
et al. (1997)
Dioncophylline B 47% at Day
4 at 50 mg/
kg per day
Dioncophylline C 100% at Day
4 at 50 mg/
kg per day
Nd Nd Synthesis Dioncopeltine A NF54 0.008 μM 4891
Moyo et al.
(2020)
W2 0.304 μM
Habropetaline A NF54 0.015 μM 2923
W2 0.084 μM
Dioncophylline C NF54 0.038 μM 552.6
W2 0.112 μM
Euphorbiaceae Alchornea
cordifolia
Leaves Ethanol Ellagic acid FcM29 0.08 μg/mL 77.5
Banzouzi
et al. (2002
)
Nigerian 0.14 μg/mL 44.29
Fabaceae Mezoneuron
Benthamianum
Leaves Ethanol 70%
(Precipitate)
Ethyl gallate 3D7 6.2 μg/mL Nd
Jansen et al.
(2017)
Quercetin 3D7 9.5 μg/mL Nd
13b-OH-pheophorbide a 3D7 5.1 μg/mL Nd
Lauraceae Persea
americana
Seeds Methanol 1,2,4-Trihydroxyheptadec-
16-ene
D6 1.6 μg/mL .1.6
Falodun
et al. (2014)
W2 2.1 μg/mL .1.4
1,2,4-
Tetrahydroxyheptadecane-
6, 16-diene
D6 1.4 μg/mL .2.1
W2 1.4 μg/mL .1.4
Meliaceae Cedrela odorata Leaves Ethanol Gedunin D6 0.039 μg/
mL
58.98
MacKinnon
et al. (1997)
W2 0.02 μg/mL 115
Papaveraceae Argemone
mexicana
Leaves Aqueous Protopine K1 0.32 μg/mL Nd NMRI
mice,
P.
berghei
No
reduction of
parasitemia
Nd
Simoes-
Pires et al.
(2014)
(Continued)